1920s and The New Deal Era

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Questions and Answers

What was the main goal of Franklin D. Roosevelt's 'Hundred Days' during his presidency?

To provide immediate relief to the suffering population and stabilize the economy through a series of rapid legislative actions. (correct)
To implement strict regulations on agricultural production to increase crop prices and farm incomes.
To establish long-term economic reforms that would fundamentally change the American financial system.
To focus solely on foreign policy and international trade agreements to stimulate economic growth.

What primarily fueled the rise of speakeasies during the 1920s?

Decreased demand for alcohol among the general population due to changing social norms.
Government subsidies that encouraged the production and distribution of locally brewed beer.
The passage of Prohibition laws, which banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. (correct)
Increased availability of imported alcoholic beverages due to relaxed international trade laws.

How did bootleggers contribute to the landscape of the 1920s?

By illegally manufacturing, transporting, and selling alcohol, contributing to the growth of organized crime. (correct)
By working as informants for law enforcement, helping to shut down illegal alcohol production and distribution networks.
By advocating for the repeal of Prohibition laws through peaceful demonstrations and legal challenges.
By establishing legitimate businesses that directly competed with speakeasies, driving them out of business.

Which of the following describes speculation as it relates to the stock market during the 1920s?

Taking excessive risks by investing in the stock market with the expectation of quick and substantial profits, often with borrowed money. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was a key difference between the economic policies of the 1920s and Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal policies?

The New Deal emphasized government intervention and social programs, while the 1920s generally favored laissez-faire economics. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How did mass production techniques, such as those pioneered by Henry Ford, MOST significantly impact American society during the 1920s?

They increased the availability of affordable consumer goods, transforming lifestyles and driving economic growth. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's 'fireside chats'?

To inform and reassure the public directly about government policies and programs during a time of crisis. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes the main consequence of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act?

It protected American industries by raising tariffs on imported goods, but ultimately worsened the Great Depression by decreasing international trade. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What factor MOST contributed to the creation of the Dust Bowl conditions in the Great Plains during the 1930s?

Over-farming and poor land management practices combined with severe drought. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) aim to address some of the issues of the Great Depression?

By constructing dams and power plants to provide electricity, control flooding, and promote economic development in the Tennessee Valley. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the Wagner Act?

To protect workers' rights to organize and collectively bargain with employers. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How did the Harlem Renaissance MOST impact American society?

It established African American cultural and artistic achievements, challenging racial stereotypes and fostering a new sense of identity. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In what way did the Red Scare of the 1920s impact civil liberties in the United States?

It resulted in the widespread suppression of dissent and the violation of civil liberties in the name of national security. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the rise of 'Hoovervilles' during the Great Depression?

Massive unemployment and widespread poverty left many people homeless. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What legal principle was challenged in the Scopes 'Monkey' Trial?

The separation of church and state, specifically the teaching of evolution in public schools. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How did President Franklin D. Roosevelt respond to the banking crisis at the beginning of the Great Depression, and what was the result?

He declared a 'bank holiday,' closing all banks temporarily, and then implemented reforms such as the FDIC to restore public confidence. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the United States' initial policy of isolationism after World War I?

A fear of being drawn into another European conflict and a desire to focus on domestic issues. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What did President Warren G. Harding mean by his campaign promise of a 'return to normalcy'?

A rejection of international involvement and a focus on domestic prosperity following World War I. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why were Sacco and Vanzetti's trial and execution controversial?

Many people believed they were convicted and executed because of their anarchist beliefs and Italian ethnicity rather than clear evidence of guilt. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What Amendment led to Prohibition, and what were some of its unintended consequences?

The 18th Amendment led to Prohibition, resulting in the increased power of organized crime and widespread disregard for the law. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did the increased availability of consumer credit, such as installment plans, affect the American economy during the 1920s?

It fueled economic growth by enabling more people to purchase goods, but also increased consumer debt. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the prevailing economic philosophy of the United States government during the early 1920s regarding business regulation?

Laissez-faire policies with minimal government intervention in the economy. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributed MOST to the economic vulnerability of farmers during the 1920s, eventually leading to widespread foreclosures during the Great Depression?

Overproduction and declining crop prices after World War I. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did the implementation of the assembly line technique impact the nature of work for many industrial laborers?

It simplified tasks, making work more repetitive and less skilled for many. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the underlying goal of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's plan to add more justices to the Supreme Court?

To gain support from the judicial branch for his New Deal programs. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How did programs initiated during the New Deal, like the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA), aim to combat unemployment?

By creating government-funded jobs in various sectors, such as construction and conservation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant challenge faced by the New Deal in its efforts to promote economic recovery?

Supreme Court rulings that declared some New Deal programs unconstitutional. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did the role of the federal government evolve during the New Deal era in response to the Great Depression?

The federal government assumed a more active role in regulating the economy and providing social welfare programs. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How did the music of the Harlem Renaissance MOST reflect the experiences and perspectives of African Americans during the 1920s?

By blending African musical traditions with European and American styles to express cultural identity and resilience. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the long-term impact of the Social Security Act, established during the New Deal, on the role of the United States government?

It established a precedent for the federal government to provide a safety net for citizens in need. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following New Deal initiatives MOST directly addressed the issue of unemployment during the Great Depression?

The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) (C) Signup and view all the answers

How did the shift away from laissez-faire economics during the New Deal era MOST significantly change the role of the U.S. government?

By increasing government intervention and regulation in the economy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the MOST direct impact of speculation and excessive credit on the stock market leading up to the Great Depression?

It created an artificial inflation of stock prices, leading to a market crash (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did the expansion of installment plans during the 1920s contribute to the economic instability that led to the Great Depression?

By allowing more people to purchase goods, leading to overproduction and debt (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason why the radio became the 'most powerful communications medium' during the 1920s?

Radio allowed people to listen to music, news, and sports, creating a shared national experience. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How did the immigration laws of the 1920s MOST directly reflect the prevailing social tensions in the United States?

By establishing quotas that discriminated against immigrants from specific regions (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following choices BEST explains the context surrounding the rise of 'Hoovervilles' during the Great Depression?

They were shantytowns symbolizing widespread poverty and dissatisfaction with the government response. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did the Harlem Renaissance MOST significantly influence the broader Civil Rights Movement that followed?

By fostering pride, cultural identity, and a foundation for future activism (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

The Hundred Days

The first three months of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency, during which a large amount of legislation was passed to address the Great Depression.

Speakeasy

An illicit establishment that sells alcoholic beverages during the Prohibition era in the United States.

Bootleggers

Individuals who illegally produced, smuggled, or sold alcoholic beverages during the Prohibition era.

Speculation

The practice of buying high-risk investments in the hope of making a large profit in a short period.