1914-1945 Historical Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What was Wilson's plan for post-war Europe?

Open seas

Self-determination

League of Nations

All of the above (correct)

What did the 18th Amendment, also known as Prohibition, aim to address?

Alcoholism

What was 'The Jazz Singer' known for?

First feature-length talkie

What was the purpose of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff?

Protect farmers Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Japanese-American families during WWII?

They were imprisoned in camps Signup and view all the answers

What did the Servicemen's Readjustment Act (GI Bill) provide?

Funds for education for WWII veterans Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the Social Security Administration?

Provide unemployment insurance and support for the needy Signup and view all the answers

What did the Zimmermann Telegram propose?

Unrestricted submarine warfare against the U.S. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Benito Mussolini?

Fascist Italian dictator Signup and view all the answers

What was the Manhattan Project?

Development of the atomic bomb Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the case of Sacco and Vanzetti?

Executed for robbery and murder Signup and view all the answers

What did the Atlantic Charter outline?

Foundation for the United Nations Signup and view all the answers

What did the Treaty of Versailles accomplish?

Ended WWI Signup and view all the answers

Who was Adolf Hitler?

Leader of Nazi Germany Signup and view all the answers

What was established by the Tripartite Pact?

Alliance between Japan, Germany, and Italy Signup and view all the answers

What was the New Deal?

Economic policies to aid the unemployed Signup and view all the answers

What was the Civilian Conservation Corps?

Government work program for youth Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Russo-Japanese War?

Japan defeated Russia Signup and view all the answers

What did the Works Progress Administration focus on?

Public works and employment Signup and view all the answers

What did the Federal Reserve Act create?

Federal Reserve System Signup and view all the answers

Who was Franklin Delano Roosevelt?

32nd President of the U.S. Signup and view all the answers

What was Warren G. Harding's presidency known for?

Corruption and scandals Signup and view all the answers

What was the Agricultural Adjustment Act intended to do?

Pay farmers to reduce production Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Lend-Lease Act?

Provide military support to Allies Signup and view all the answers

What event did the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire lead to?

Increased workplace safety regulations Signup and view all the answers

What was the Cold War?

Tension between the U.S. and USSR Signup and view all the answers

Who was Henry Cabot Lodge?

Opposed the Treaty of Versailles Signup and view all the answers

What was General Douglas MacArthur's role during WWII?

Key General in the Pacific Theater Signup and view all the answers

What is the Fair Labor Standards Act?

Regulated wages and hours of work Signup and view all the answers

Who was Hideki Tojo?

Prime Minister of Japan during WWII Signup and view all the answers

What did the Clayton Antitrust Act aim to do?

Control monopolies Signup and view all the answers

What was the National Industry Recovery Act designed for?

Help businesses and boost employment Signup and view all the answers

What did the National Origins Act restrict?

Immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe Signup and view all the answers

What did the Wagner Act protect?

Rights of workers to unionize Signup and view all the answers

What were U-Boats primarily used for?

Naval warfare and blockades Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Schenck v. United States?

Established 'clear and present danger' test Signup and view all the answers

Who was F. Scott Fitzgerald?

American novelist Signup and view all the answers

What did the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand trigger?

Start of World War I Signup and view all the answers

What was Court Packing?

FDR's plan to add justices to the Supreme Court Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Post-War Plans and Treaties

Wilson's 14 Points aimed for lasting peace in post-war Europe, emphasizing open seas, self-determination, and the League of Nations, but ultimately failed due to lack of U.S. participation in the League.
The Treaty of Versailles established peace in 1919, officially ending the war between Germany and the Allies.

The 18th Amendment initiated Prohibition, driven by concerns around alcoholism, but faced backlash from immigrant communities who viewed it as discriminatory.
The New Deal (1933-1938), led by FDR, aimed to revive the economy during the Great Depression through various economic policies and relief programs.
The Agricultural Adjustment Act (1936) attempted to stabilize farm prices by paying farmers not to cultivate land, later revised due to negative employment impacts.

Cultural Shifts and Movements

The Jazz Singer, released in 1927, marked the transition to "talkies," affecting the silent film industry and featuring a Jewish immigrant's journey in a racially insensitive portrayal.
The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement that sought to assert the identities of African Americans and promote civil rights through literature and art.

War and Conflict

Japanese-American internment during WWII involved the detention of families in camps, driven by espionage fears, leading to significant financial loss and rights violations.
The Manhattan Project developed the atomic bomb from 1942 to 1946, transitioning to control under the Atomic Energy Commission in 1947.
The Lend-Lease Act permitted the U.S. to lend military equipment to allied nations during WWII without direct involvement in the conflict.

Key Figures and Events

Adolf Hitler, as the leader of Nazi Germany, aimed for Aryan supremacy and global domination, leading to widespread destruction and genocide during WWII.
Benito Mussolini, Italy's fascist dictator, aligned with Hitler and played a significant role in shaping fascist ideology.
The Munich Agreement of 1938 allowed Hitler to annex parts of Czechoslovakia, aimed at appeasing Germany and preventing further conflict.

Civil Rights and Labor

The Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) aimed to regulate minimum wage and working hours across industries, enhancing worker rights and protections.
The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) emerged in 1938 to investigate communist influences in the U.S., resulting in many unjust blacklists.

Historical Trials and Incidents

The Sacco and Vanzetti case involved two Italian immigrants executed in 1927, symbolizing the era's political bias and intolerance.
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire (1911) highlighted workplace safety issues and galvanized labor reform efforts.

Military Strategies and Agreements

The top-secret Zimmermann Telegram hinted at German plans for unrestricted submarine warfare against the U.S., intensifying tensions before U.S. entry into WWI.
The U-Boats utilized by Germany represented a strategic force used to disrupt allied shipping during both World Wars.

Economic Legislation and Regulation

The Federal Reserve Act established a central banking system to supervise monetary policy and stabilize the economy.
The Clayton Antitrust Act reinforced anti-monopoly laws by protecting labor rights, exempting unions from antitrust prosecution.

Key Conferences and Decisions

The Yalta Conference (1945) involved leaders Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin discussing postwar Europe and the establishment of the United Nations.
The Washington Naval Conference (1921-1922) sought disarmament and peace in the Pacific following WWI, excluding the Soviet Union from talks.

The Good Neighbor Policy (1932) aimed to strengthen diplomatic ties with Latin America, promoting mutual defense in the Western Hemisphere.
Flappers of the 1920s exemplified the era's cultural shifts, reflecting newfound freedoms and social independence among women.

Critical Supreme Court Cases

Schenck v. United States established the "clear and present danger" standard concerning First Amendment rights during wartime.
United States v. Butler (1936) deemed the Agricultural Adjustment Act unconstitutional, limiting federal powers over agricultural policy.

Legacy of Leadership

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1933-1949) led the U.S. through the Great Depression and WWII, implementing transformative social and economic policies.
Henry Cabot Lodge was a leading critic of the Treaty of Versailles, advocating for American sovereignty in postwar decision-making.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key events and concepts from 1914 to 1945 with these informative flashcards. From Wilson's post-war plans to the impact of Prohibition, this quiz covers significant historical milestones and cultural shifts. Perfect for students and history buffs alike!