Questions and Answers
What was Wilson's plan for post-war Europe?
What did the 18th Amendment, also known as Prohibition, aim to address?
Alcoholism
What was 'The Jazz Singer' known for?
First feature-length talkie
What was the purpose of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff?
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What happened to Japanese-American families during WWII?
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What did the Servicemen's Readjustment Act (GI Bill) provide?
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What was the main objective of the Social Security Administration?
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What did the Zimmermann Telegram propose?
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Who was Benito Mussolini?
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What was the Manhattan Project?
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What was the outcome of the case of Sacco and Vanzetti?
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What did the Atlantic Charter outline?
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What did the Treaty of Versailles accomplish?
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Who was Adolf Hitler?
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What was established by the Tripartite Pact?
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What was the New Deal?
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What was the Civilian Conservation Corps?
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What was the result of the Russo-Japanese War?
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What did the Works Progress Administration focus on?
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What did the Federal Reserve Act create?
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Who was Franklin Delano Roosevelt?
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What was Warren G. Harding's presidency known for?
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What was the Agricultural Adjustment Act intended to do?
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What was the purpose of the Lend-Lease Act?
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What event did the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire lead to?
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What was the Cold War?
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Who was Henry Cabot Lodge?
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What was General Douglas MacArthur's role during WWII?
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What is the Fair Labor Standards Act?
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Who was Hideki Tojo?
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What did the Clayton Antitrust Act aim to do?
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What was the National Industry Recovery Act designed for?
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What did the National Origins Act restrict?
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What did the Wagner Act protect?
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What were U-Boats primarily used for?
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What was the significance of Schenck v. United States?
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Who was F. Scott Fitzgerald?
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What did the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand trigger?
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What was Court Packing?
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Study Notes
Post-War Plans and Treaties
- Wilson's 14 Points aimed for lasting peace in post-war Europe, emphasizing open seas, self-determination, and the League of Nations, but ultimately failed due to lack of U.S. participation in the League.
- The Treaty of Versailles established peace in 1919, officially ending the war between Germany and the Allies.
Economic and Social Policies
- The 18th Amendment initiated Prohibition, driven by concerns around alcoholism, but faced backlash from immigrant communities who viewed it as discriminatory.
- The New Deal (1933-1938), led by FDR, aimed to revive the economy during the Great Depression through various economic policies and relief programs.
- The Agricultural Adjustment Act (1936) attempted to stabilize farm prices by paying farmers not to cultivate land, later revised due to negative employment impacts.
Cultural Shifts and Movements
- The Jazz Singer, released in 1927, marked the transition to "talkies," affecting the silent film industry and featuring a Jewish immigrant's journey in a racially insensitive portrayal.
- The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement that sought to assert the identities of African Americans and promote civil rights through literature and art.
War and Conflict
- Japanese-American internment during WWII involved the detention of families in camps, driven by espionage fears, leading to significant financial loss and rights violations.
- The Manhattan Project developed the atomic bomb from 1942 to 1946, transitioning to control under the Atomic Energy Commission in 1947.
- The Lend-Lease Act permitted the U.S. to lend military equipment to allied nations during WWII without direct involvement in the conflict.
Key Figures and Events
- Adolf Hitler, as the leader of Nazi Germany, aimed for Aryan supremacy and global domination, leading to widespread destruction and genocide during WWII.
- Benito Mussolini, Italy's fascist dictator, aligned with Hitler and played a significant role in shaping fascist ideology.
- The Munich Agreement of 1938 allowed Hitler to annex parts of Czechoslovakia, aimed at appeasing Germany and preventing further conflict.
Civil Rights and Labor
- The Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) aimed to regulate minimum wage and working hours across industries, enhancing worker rights and protections.
- The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) emerged in 1938 to investigate communist influences in the U.S., resulting in many unjust blacklists.
Historical Trials and Incidents
- The Sacco and Vanzetti case involved two Italian immigrants executed in 1927, symbolizing the era's political bias and intolerance.
- The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire (1911) highlighted workplace safety issues and galvanized labor reform efforts.
Military Strategies and Agreements
- The top-secret Zimmermann Telegram hinted at German plans for unrestricted submarine warfare against the U.S., intensifying tensions before U.S. entry into WWI.
- The U-Boats utilized by Germany represented a strategic force used to disrupt allied shipping during both World Wars.
Economic Legislation and Regulation
- The Federal Reserve Act established a central banking system to supervise monetary policy and stabilize the economy.
- The Clayton Antitrust Act reinforced anti-monopoly laws by protecting labor rights, exempting unions from antitrust prosecution.
Key Conferences and Decisions
- The Yalta Conference (1945) involved leaders Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin discussing postwar Europe and the establishment of the United Nations.
- The Washington Naval Conference (1921-1922) sought disarmament and peace in the Pacific following WWI, excluding the Soviet Union from talks.
Social Changes and Movements
- The Good Neighbor Policy (1932) aimed to strengthen diplomatic ties with Latin America, promoting mutual defense in the Western Hemisphere.
- Flappers of the 1920s exemplified the era's cultural shifts, reflecting newfound freedoms and social independence among women.
Critical Supreme Court Cases
- Schenck v. United States established the "clear and present danger" standard concerning First Amendment rights during wartime.
- United States v. Butler (1936) deemed the Agricultural Adjustment Act unconstitutional, limiting federal powers over agricultural policy.
Legacy of Leadership
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1933-1949) led the U.S. through the Great Depression and WWII, implementing transformative social and economic policies.
- Henry Cabot Lodge was a leading critic of the Treaty of Versailles, advocating for American sovereignty in postwar decision-making.
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Test your knowledge of key events and concepts from 1914 to 1945 with these informative flashcards. From Wilson's post-war plans to the impact of Prohibition, this quiz covers significant historical milestones and cultural shifts. Perfect for students and history buffs alike!