(19) Culturogenic Stress and (20) Migrant Status

Culturogenic stress can be aggravated or induced by cultural norms, taboos, or expectations. It can also be fostered by a culture that encourages 'workaholics' or experiences conflict between the social expectations of different generations.

Some factors related to migrant status include whether migration was forced or voluntary, adaptation to the new culture in terms of behavior, diet, dress, and language, presence of discrimination, stability of worldviews and religion, and access to families and traditional healers.

Chemical comforters can include smoking, alcohol consumption, snuff, coffee, non-prescribed drugs, and hallucinogens as sacramental drugs. Contemporary drugs such as ecstasy and the use of illegal and intravenous drugs can also be included.

Some risks associated with leisure pursuits include physical activity that can lead to injury or disease, exposure to sunlight, and competition that can result in injury.

Some factors related to domestic animals and birds that can affect health include the number and nature of animals kept, whether they are kept inside or outside the home, and the degree of direct physical contact.

Different cultures perceive the different stages of the life cycle differently. For example, some cultures may insist that a dying child should be christened.