Questions and Answers
Which of the following are the 13 disability categories? (Select all that apply)
What is autism?
A spectrum disorder affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction.
Before what age is autism generally evident?
Age 3
Autism significantly affects what areas?
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What are intellectual disabilities characterized by?
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What does a specific learning disability entail?
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What characteristics define emotional disturbance?
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What is traumatic brain injury?
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What are speech or language impairments?
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What is deafness and hearing impairment?
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What is orthopedic impairment?
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What defines visual impairment?
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What are other health impairments?
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What is deaf-blindness?
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Study Notes
Disability Categories Overview
- There are 13 disability categories recognized, including autism, intellectual disabilities, specific learning disabilities, emotional disturbance, traumatic brain injury, speech/language impairment, visual impairment, deafness/hearing impairment, orthopedic impairment, other health impairment, deaf-blindness, multiple disabilities, and developmental delay.
Autism
- Autism is classified as a spectrum disorder affecting development significantly before age 3.
- It impacts both verbal and nonverbal communication as well as social interaction, adversely affecting educational performance.
Intellectual Disabilities
- Characterized by significant difficulties in general functioning and adaptive behavior manifesting during the developmental period.
- Typically diagnosed using an IQ test and adversely impacts educational performance.
Specific Learning Disability
- Defined by inadequate achievement compared to peers, failing to meet state-approved grade-level standards in areas like reading, writing, and mathematics.
- Areas affected include basic reading skills, reading fluency, comprehension, mathematical calculation, problem-solving, and expression.
Emotional Disturbance
- Exhibits one or more characteristics consistently over time, negatively impacting educational performance.
- Symptoms may include an inability to learn unexplained by other factors, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, inappropriate behaviors, pervasive unhappiness, or physical symptoms related to school issues.
Traumatic Brain Injury
- Results from an external force causing total or partial functional disability, impacting cognition, communication, memory, and more.
- Excludes congenital, degenerative brain injuries, and those induced by birth trauma.
Speech or Language Impairment
- Encompasses disorders like stuttering or voice impairments that hinder educational performance.
- Diagnosis is typically made by a speech or language pathologist.
Deafness and Hearing Impairment
- Involves severe hearing impairment affecting the ability to process auditory information, with a significant impact on educational performance.
Orthopedic Impairment
- Refers to physical impairments that significantly affect educational performance, covering issues stemming from congenital anomalies, diseases, or other causes.
- Challenges include difficulties with transportation, communication, and navigating school environments.
Visual Impairment
- Pertains to vision impairment that adversely impacts educational performance, including both partial sight and blindness, despite correction.
Other Health Impairments
- Encompasses conditions causing limited strength or vitality that affect educational alertness, such as asthma, ADHD, diabetes, and epilepsy.
- These health issues can significantly hinder a child's educational performance.
Deaf-Blindness
- Involves simultaneous hearing and visual impairments, leading to severe communication and developmental challenges that necessitate specialized educational accommodations.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the 13 disability categories with these flashcards. Each card provides a term and its definition to help you understand various disabilities. Perfect for students and professionals in special education.