Geography November exam P2 (Mix)
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)?

  • Store and manipulate all types of geographical data (correct)
  • Create digital maps for entertainment purposes
  • Develop video games based on geographical features
  • Study historical weather patterns

    • How does GIS allow users to contribute to the system?

  • By analyzing satellite images
  • By conducting field surveys
  • By printing paper maps
  • By uploading specific data (correct)

    • In which sectors is GIS technology applicable?

  • Government, industries, urban planning, environmental management (correct)
  • Concert planning, animal husbandry, marine biology
  • Fashion, culinary arts, sports management
  • Interior design, tourism, astronomy

    • Who is involved in the development of GIS software?

    <p>Programmers, geographers, specialists in geographic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of technology is GIS primarily used as?

    <p>Decision-making and planning tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does GIS store data in?

    <p>Digital format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of digital information in terms of data handling?

    <p>Enhanced collection and storage of vast amounts of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aerial photograph provides a bird's-eye view of large areas?

    <p>Oblique aerial photograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates a low oblique aerial photograph from a high oblique one?

    <p>The camera angle from the vertical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of orthophoto maps that distinguishes them from aerial photographs?

    <p>Combining image characteristics with geometric qualities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does digital information contribute to precision and reliability in data processing?

    <p>By providing high precision and reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which field are satellite images particularly valuable due to the data they collect?

    <p>Geographic information systems (GIS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes vertical aerial photographs especially useful for accurate spatial representation?

    <p>Having the camera axis nearly perpendicular (90°) to the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are oblique aerial photographs taken at an angle instead of vertically for specific purposes?

    <p>To make features easier to identify by capturing sides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of data handling is significantly enhanced by digital formats compared to traditional methods?

    <p>Efficiency and depth in data analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one essential quality possessed by high oblique aerial photographs?

    <p>Tilting the camera about 60° from the vertical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an atlas provide detailed information about?

    <p>Geographical and thematic aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of map focuses on specific parts of a continent or country?

    <p>Local Maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of keys (legends) in atlases?

    <p>Explain symbols and color codes used in maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are thematic maps useful?

    <p>To display specific information based on themes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental skill does using a magnetic compass involve?

    <p>Navigational skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the compass needle aid in navigation?

    <p>Points towards magnetic north for reference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is aligning the compass with true north on a map important?

    <p>For accurate direction finding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do latitude and longitude represent in coordinates?

    <p>Location on Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information do political maps display?

    <p>Political boundaries and regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are grid lines in maps beneficial?

    <p>To facilitate navigation and location pinpointing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in conducting fieldwork according to the provided text?

    <p>Information Gathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can be used for collecting data from the community during fieldwork?

    <p>Surveys and questionnaires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to align fieldwork with the local context according to the text?

    <p>To actively engage with the community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When deciding on the type of data to collect, what is one aspect to consider according to the text?

    <p>Whether data should be collected in a quantitative or qualitative manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended practice for organizing a team during fieldwork according to the provided text?

    <p>Clearly assigning roles and setting deadlines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a step involved in recording and reporting findings from fieldwork as per the text?

    <p>Classifying data into key themes and sub-themes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of map projections?

    <p>To preserve shape, area, direction, and distance when mapping the Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cartography, what does 'shape' refer to in map projections?

    <p>Preserving true shapes of regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of a Mercator Projection for navigation?

    <p>Shows angles and directions accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is magnetic declination on a map?

    <p>The angle between magnetic north and true north</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do closely spaced contours indicate on a map?

    <p>Steep slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do widely spaced contours suggest about the landscape on a map?

    <p>Gentle slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are map scales useful for distance measurements?

    <p>[Ratio] Scales provide direct readings without calculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'FIELDWORK' as a mnemonic for fieldwork steps includes which step for conducting field research?

    <p>'Finding a Topic'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'True North' refers to the direction towards:

    <p>'The Geographic North Pole'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property do cartographers aim to preserve in map projections related to 'Area'?

    <p>Area - To ensure regions are represented in true proportion to their actual size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of aligning images with geographical locations on the earth called?

    <p>Geo-referencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of photograph is taken directly overhead from aircraft?

    <p>Vertical Aerial Photograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of Orthophoto Maps mentioned in the text?

    <p>Limited Availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of Satellite Images for GIS integration?

    <p>Continuous data collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technological advancement has improved the speed and accuracy of orthophoto production?

    <p>Digital mapping cameras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for creating topographic maps and provides a historical perspective of geographic changes?

    <p>Vertical Aerial Photographs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of GIS as described in the text?

    <p>Storing and presenting geographical data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does GIS technology support urban planning according to the text?

    <p>By assisting land planners with spatial data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes GIS from traditional manual map-making methods?

    <p>Digital format for storing and manipulating data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector is NOT mentioned as an application area of GIS technology in the text?

    <p>Agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does GIS contribute to decision-making processes according to the text?

    <p>By providing tools for planning and decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who collaborates in the development of GIS software according to the provided text?

    <p>Programmers, geographers, and other specialists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'E' in the I-ELDOWR mnemonic for fieldwork steps stand for?

    <p>Engaging with Stakeholders/Local Environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of 'Theme Development' in organizing data during fieldwork?

    <p>Classifying Data into Categories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity falls under 'Working Effectively' as part of fieldwork procedures?

    <p>Role Allocation in Teams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key consideration when deciding the type of data to collect during fieldwork?

    <p>Quantitative vs. Qualitative Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is aligning the compass with true north emphasized in fieldwork?

    <p>To Enhance Data Accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is a part of the 'R' in the I-ELDOWR mnemonic for fieldwork steps?

    <p>Recording and Reporting Findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do maps in atlases often use to facilitate ease of interpretation?

    <p>Alphanumeric Grids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of map illustrates the physical landscape showing altitude and topographical features?

    <p>Relief Maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential skill required to effectively use atlas maps?

    <p>Understanding Map Symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a compass needle always point towards?

    <p>True North</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do thematic maps typically use to display specific types of information based on themes?

    <p>Colors and Symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of map displays political boundaries with different colors representing countries or regions?

    <p>Political Maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does latitude represent in coordinates?

    <p>Distance North or South of the Equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information does human geography in atlases typically include?

    <p>Population Density and Distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of keys (legends) in atlases?

    <p>To Explain Map Symbols and Color Codes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do relief maps primarily focus on illustrating?

    <p>Physical Landscape Features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of geo-referencing in integrating aerial photographs into GIS?

    <p>Aligning images with geographical locations for mapping and spatial analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of availability, what is a key disadvantage of Orthophoto Maps mentioned in the text?

    <p>Limited availability for all regions, hindering comprehensive geographic analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do vertical aerial photographs differ from orthophoto maps in terms of preparation for use?

    <p>Vertical aerial photographs require scanning and digitization for GIS integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes satellite images as a data collection method according to the text?

    <p>Detailed digital images captured across various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are vertical aerial photographs considered essential for creating topographic maps?

    <p>Provide historic geographic perspectives for accurate mapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable advantage of modern satellite technologies mentioned in the text?

    <p>Automatic scale correction for precise mapping and analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor limits global coverage when using vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>'Scale accuracy' only maintained at the center of the photograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do satellites play in GIS integration, according to the text?

    <p>'Global Coverage' enabling data collection across various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Automated cameras and improved film quality' represent advancements in which technology mentioned in the text?

    <p>'Vertical Aerial Photographs' capturing detailed views from aircraft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Technological Advances' since 2008 have primarily revolutionized which area as per the text?

    <p>'Creation' of orthophotos combining visual detail with map accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do cartographers aim to preserve the property of 'Direction' in map projections?

    <p>To accurately depict the directions between locations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of closely spaced contours on a map indicates?

    <p>Steep slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to understand magnetic declination on a map?

    <p>To ensure precise navigation aligned with true north</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of 'Convex and Concave Slopes' indicated by contour patterns?

    <p>To reveal variations in landform shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do map scales assist in distance measurements?

    <p>By directly reading distances without calculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a scale of 1:50,000 indicate on a map?

    <p>$1$ cm on the map represents $50,000$ cm on the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which map projection is known for accurately preserving angles and directions but distorting shapes and distances near the poles?

    <p>Mercator Projection (1569)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'True North' refers to which direction?

    <p>Direction towards the geographic North Pole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes orthophoto maps from aerial photographs?

    <p>Orthophoto maps provide a uniform scale, while aerial photographs may not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do oblique aerial photographs differ from vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>Oblique aerial photographs are captured at an angle, while vertical ones are directly overhead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of satellite images over aerial photographs for capturing Earth's surface?

    <p>Satellite images collect data in various wavelengths, while aerial photographs use only visible light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is precision crucial in fields like engineering and science when processing digital information?

    <p>To ensure accuracy and reliability in data analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of low oblique aerial photographs compared to high oblique ones?

    <p>Low oblique aerial photographs show only the ground surface without the horizon unlike high oblique ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which way do digital formats significantly enhance data handling compared to traditional methods?

    <p>By enabling the handling of vastly greater quantities of information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Interoperability' refer to in the context of digital data?

    <p>'Interoperability' allows digital data to be shared and integrated across various platforms and industries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are oblique aerial photographs useful for capturing specific details in an image?

    <p>Because they capture objects at an angle, showing sides for easier identification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Precision and Reliability' are important aspects of digital information primarily because:

    <p>'Precision and Reliability' ensure that data processing is accurate and dependable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Accessibility and Manipulation' of digital information is crucial primarily because it:

    <p>Facilitates complex analyses by enabling easy access and manipulation of digitized information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the core functionalities of GIS technology?

    <p>Analyzing and managing all types of geographical data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does user input play in GIS systems?

    <p>It allows for adding detailed and varied information tailored to specific needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector benefits from the use of GIS technology according to the text?

    <p>Urban planning, environmental management, and government agencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the essential collaborative efforts involved in GIS software development?

    <p>Collaboration among programmers, geographers, and other specialists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is GIS commonly utilized in decision-making processes?

    <p>For planning and decision-making purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes GIS software stand out from traditional manual map-making methods?

    <p>Ability to capture, store, manipulate, and analyze geographical data digitally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when engaging with stakeholders in fieldwork?

    <p>Engaging with local stakeholders is crucial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes quantitative data from qualitative data in a fieldwork context?

    <p>Gathering perspectives or opinions vs. measurements like counting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus when organizing data collected during fieldwork?

    <p>Recording findings according to themes and sub-themes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does effective time management contribute to fieldwork success?

    <p>Organizing the timeline and managing different phases efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of reporting findings from fieldwork?

    <p>Preparing a concise report in an accepted format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended practice for working effectively in fieldwork teams?

    <p>Ensuring roles and responsibilities are clearly assigned in a group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using alphanumeric grids in atlas maps?

    <p>To help in pinpointing locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are relief maps different from thematic maps?

    <p>Relief maps show altitude and topographical features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skill is essential for accurate navigation using a magnetic compass?

    <p>Adjusting the compass to true north</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do local maps differ from world maps in atlases?

    <p>Local maps provide detailed geographical data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should one understand to effectively interpret information on thematic maps?

    <p>Specific types of information based on themes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is latitude and longitude essential for describing locations accurately?

    <p>To provide precise coordinates of a point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a legend (key) in atlases?

    <p>To explain the symbols and color codes used in maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do regional maps differ from local maps?

    <p>Regional maps focus on specific parts of countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect do relief maps primarily aim to illustrate?

    <p>Physical landscape features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do relief maps differ from political maps?

    <p>Relief maps illustrate physical features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do closely spaced contours on a map generally indicate?

    <p>Steep slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of magnetic declination in navigation?

    <p>Navigational orientation adjustment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do map scales assist in distance measurements on maps?

    <p>Show the relationship between map and ground distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which map projection is criticized for distorting shapes and distances near the poles?

    <p>Mercator Projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fieldwork, what role does magnetic north play compared to true north?

    <p>Guides compass needle orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'contours' represent on a topographic map?

    <p>Points of equal elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental characteristic do cartographers attempt to maintain regarding 'Area' in map projections?

    <p>Displaying regions in true proportion to their size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are ratios and number scales important in maps?

    <p>'To calculate distances directly'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Convex and concave slopes' are identified how on maps?

    <p>'By contour line patterns'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Fieldwork' as a mnemonic for research steps includes which initial step for conducting fieldwork?

    <p>'Finding a Topic'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes orthophoto maps from aerial photographs?

    <p>Orthophoto maps correct for lens distortion and camera tilt, while aerial photographs do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are vertical aerial photographs crucial for accurately depicting spatial relationships?

    <p>They ensure the spatial relationships between features are accurately displayed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of satellite images over traditional aerial photographs?

    <p>Satellite images collect data in various wavelengths, offering unique perspectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do low oblique aerial photographs differ from high oblique aerial photographs?

    <p>High oblique photos have the camera tilted 60° from vertical, while low oblique ones are tilted 30°.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately characterizes vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>They depict spatial relationships between features with high accuracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes digital information particularly valuable in fields where precision is essential?

    <p>Digital formats provide high precision and reliability in data processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an orthophoto map differ from a satellite image?

    <p>Orthophoto maps combine photographic image characteristics with map geometric qualities, while satellite images collect data in diverse wavelengths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enables digital data to be easily shared across different platforms and industries?

    <p>The interoperability provided by sharing digital data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes oblique aerial photographs compared to vertical ones?

    <p>Oblique photographs capture images with the camera axis perpendicular to the ground.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does digital information enhance data handling compared to traditional methods?

    <p>Digital formats enable the collection, storage, and display of more information than traditional methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of geo-referencing aerial photographs when integrating them into GIS?

    <p>To align images with geographical locations on the earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology advancement has improved the speed and accuracy of orthophoto production since 2008?

    <p>Automatic scale correction in digital mapping cameras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key disadvantage of vertical aerial photographs that necessitates scanning and digitization for GIS integration?

    <p>Scale accuracy only at the center of the photograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes satellite images as a data collection method, making them easily integrated into GIS for enhanced data analysis?

    <p>Global coverage capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are orthophoto maps particularly useful for detailed planning and analysis purposes?

    <p>High scale clarity enhancing feature visibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major limitation of orthophoto maps that hinders comprehensive geographic analysis?

    <p>Not yet available for all regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of preparation for use, what is a key difference between vertical aerial photographs and orthophoto maps?

    <p>Vertical aerial photographs demand scanning and digitization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technological development has contributed to increased detail in modern satellite images?

    <p>Improved sensors capturing data across electromagnetic spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ground surveying essential for integrating aerial photographs into GIS effectively?

    <p>To align images with specific points on the ground precisely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of orthophoto maps that sets them apart from traditional aerial photographs for mapping purposes?

    <p>Combining visual detail with geometric map qualities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of GIS technology that involves a collaborative effort among various professionals?

    <p>Software Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of GIS technology allows users to add highly detailed and specific data tailored to their needs or projects?

    <p>User Input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what aspect does GIS technology significantly support the work of land planners, government agencies, and private users?

    <p>Application Across Sectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of GIS technology in the context of planning and decision-making processes?

    <p>Application Across Sectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector is NOT explicitly mentioned as one of the areas where GIS technology is widely applicable?

    <p>Healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes GIS software development from other components of GIS technology?

    <p>Collaborative Effort Requirement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between quantitative and qualitative data collection methods?

    <p>Quantitative data involves measurements, while qualitative data involves opinions and perspectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is engaging with local stakeholders considered crucial in fieldwork according to the text?

    <p>To gather necessary information from the community and align fieldwork with the local context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of theme development in the context of organizing collected data?

    <p>Themes provide a structure for organizing the data around key topics and subtopics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is time management particularly emphasized in the effective execution of fieldwork?

    <p>To organize different phases of fieldwork efficiently and meet set deadlines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a core consideration in recording findings during fieldwork as per the text?

    <p>Recording findings according to identified themes and sub-themes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does role allocation in teams contribute to the efficiency of fieldwork processes?

    <p>By clearly assigning roles and responsibilities, setting deadlines, and promoting effective teamwork.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key property is preserved by a Robinson Projection map?

    <p>Shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measurement does a bearing provide?

    <p>Direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do closely spaced contours on a map indicate steep slopes?

    <p>They represent valleys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In map scales, what does a ratio/number scale of 1:50,000 mean?

    <p>1 cm on the map represents 500 meters on the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mnemonic is provided for the steps involved in fieldwork?

    <p>FIELDWORK</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of contours on a map?

    <p>To connect points of equal elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a magnetic declination angle indicate?

    <p>The deviation between magnetic north and true north</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Widely Spaced Contours' on a map typically signify what type of terrain?

    <p>'Gentle slopes'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Convex and Concave Slopes' are distinguished by what on a map?

    <p>'Contour line patterns'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Peters Projection' is known for emphasizing the true sizes of land masses over what property?

    <p>'Maintaining shape'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes orthophoto maps from satellite images in terms of data collection?

    <p>Orthophoto maps correct for topographic relief and lens distortion, whereas satellite images highlight different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does digital information offer in data processing for fields like engineering and science?

    <p>Digital information provides high precision and reliability, crucial for fields requiring accuracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does a high oblique aerial photograph differ from a low oblique one?

    <p>High oblique photographs show only the ground surface without the horizon, while low oblique photos capture both the ground and horizon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key characteristic enables digital data to be shared across different platforms and industries?

    <p>Interoperability of digital data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are vertical aerial photographs crucial for depicting spatial relationships accurately?

    <p>Their positioning ensures accurate depiction of spatial relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significance do oblique aerial photographs add to capturing images?

    <p>They capture the sides of objects making them easier to identify.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do orthophoto maps differ from traditional aerial photographs in terms of map characteristics?

    <p>Orthophoto maps combine image characteristics of a photograph with geometric qualities of a map, unlike traditional aerial photos.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature between digital information and orthophoto maps in terms of data handling?

    <p>Both ensure high precision and reliability in data handling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Interoperability' is a key aspect of digital data. What does this term specifically refer to?

    <p>'Interoperability' highlights the ability of digital data to be easily shared and integrated across different platforms and industries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Precision and Reliability' are key attributes of digital information. How do these aspects benefit fields like engineering and science?

    <p>'Precision and Reliability' enhance accuracy in data processing, vital for fields requiring precise calculations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why maintaining up-to-date maps is considered costly?

    <p>Constant changes in political boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are atlases considered valuable educational tools according to the text?

    <p>For offering both fun and learning opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do thematic maps aim to display using colors and symbols?

    <p>Economic activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does adjusting the compass casing to align the 'North' on the compass card with the needle pointing north help in achieving?

    <p>Ensuring accurate direction finding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do local maps differ from regional maps in an atlas?

    <p>Local maps detail smaller areas like a city or town, while regional maps focus on specific areas of a country or province</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using alphanumeric grids on atlas maps?

    <p>To pinpoint locations using latitude and longitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do orthophoto maps differ from vertical aerial photographs in terms of data collection method?

    <p>Orthophoto maps are created from overlapping vertical aerial photographs, whereas vertical aerial photographs involve capturing the Earth's surface from aircraft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes orthophoto maps from topographic maps in terms of functionality?

    <p>Orthophoto maps combine the visual detail of a photograph with geographic qualities, while topographic maps provide detailed views of Earth's surface for mapping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key disadvantage of satellite images that makes them challenging to obtain for public and professional use?

    <p>Satellite data collection involves high expenses associated with launches and maintenance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of vertical aerial photographs limits their accurate scale to only the center of the photograph?

    <p>The scale accuracy of vertical aerial photographs is limited to the center due to variations in camera tilt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technological advancement since 2008 has significantly improved the production speed and accuracy of orthophotos?

    <p>Use of digital mapping cameras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are orthophoto maps particularly useful for detailed planning and analysis compared to other types of maps?

    <p>The large scale (1:10,000) enhances visibility of features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason for low population densities in mountainous regions?

    <p>Inaccessibility due to rugged terrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do densely forested tropical regions often have low population densities?

    <p>Inaccessibility due to the dense forest cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes significantly to low habitation in desert areas?

    <p>Harsh climate and lack of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does population density help in understanding a region's settlement pattern?

    <p>By showing how closely-packed or spread out people are</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of conducting a census every ten years?

    <p>To collect demographic information about every person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of population distribution, why do cold regions often have low population densities?

    <p>Because of extreme weather conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the rate of natural increase indicate about a population?

    <p>It signifies the occurrence of population growth when the birth rate exceeds the death rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily influences fertility rates in a population?

    <p>Access to healthcare and contraception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are males and females typically represented in population pyramids?

    <p>Males on the left and females on the right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of analyzing population pyramids?

    <p>To understand age and gender distributions within a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key metric is influenced by the socio-economic conditions and cultural norms of a population?

    <p>Fertility rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do LEDCs often display a wide base and narrow top in their population pyramids?

    <p>As an indication of rapid population growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the fertility rate represent in a population?

    <p>The number of children expected per woman during her lifetime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does natural decrease affect a population?

    <p>Leads to a decline in population due to higher death rates than birth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of a population does life expectancy provide insights into?

    <p>The average number of years individuals are expected to live</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional factor can significantly influence life expectancy within a population?

    <p>Access to healthcare services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor contributing to the 'population explosion' as described in the text?

    <p>Advancements in medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by low birth and death rates, leading to population stabilization?

    <p>Low Stationary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are LEDCs experiencing a higher percentage of population growth compared to MEDCs?

    <p>Higher fertility rates in LEDCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country listed is NOT given as an example of overpopulation in the context of living standards?

    <p>United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change in priorities leads to population decline in Stage 5 of the Demographic Transition Model?

    <p>Emphasis on education and careers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of migration involves movement between countries with the intention of settling indefinitely?

    <p>International Migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is 'overpopulation' defined in the context of living standards?

    <p>Decrease in living standards due to growing population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Stage 3 – Late Expanding' of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by what change?

    <p>Decreased birth rates and death rates due to urbanization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Expanding' population structures, as seen in Stage 1-2 of the Demographic Transition Model, are characterized by what feature?

    <p>'Wide base' reflecting high birth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Gulf Stream as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Affecting climate in north-western Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily influences deep ocean currents, as explained in the text?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of overfishing on marine ecosystems, according to the text?

    <p>Reduced availability of essential nutrients for marine life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are warm ocean currents particularly beneficial for tourism, based on the information provided?

    <p>They attract tourists and boost local economies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of desalination processes, as described in the text?

    <p>To provide fresh water in arid regions from seawater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cold ocean currents contribute to climate patterns, according to the text?

    <p>By causing drier conditions through cooling the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for using aquaculture or fish farming, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>To supplement wild fish stocks and provide a controlled source of fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ocean currents affect global shipping routes, based on the information provided?

    <p>They play a role in shaping and influencing shipping routes worldwide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant negative consequence of ocean pollution highlighted in the text?

    <p>Devastating effects on marine life and human health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Coriolis effect mentioned as a significant factor influencing ocean currents?

    <p>To emphasize its effect on causing water deflection based on Earth's rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between voluntary and forced migration?

    <p>Voluntary migration involves movement for better opportunities, while forced migration is due to unsafe conditions or compulsion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of push factors for migration mentioned in the text?

    <p>Wars and conflicts, unsafe conditions due to crime, and food shortages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does rural-urban migration contribute to the cycle of poverty in rural areas?

    <p>By leading to neglected farms, decreased productivity, and economic decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes seasonal movements like transhumance from daily movements?

    <p>Daily movements involve regular travel between home and work, while transhumance relates to moving livestock between seasonal pastures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenges do immigrants and refugees often face according to the text?

    <p>Hostility or discrimination based on perceived job competition or resource strain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between HIV and AIDS as explained in the text?

    <p>HIV leads to AIDS, representing the most advanced stage of the infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Southern African countries experience some of the highest HIV infection rates globally?

    <p>Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'KwaZulu-Natal' experienced what trend in HIV infection rates according to provincial data?

    <p>A decrease from 11.7% to 15.8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does HIV/AIDS impact families and communities according to the text?

    <p>'Destabilization of families' from loss of income and higher healthcare costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Workforce impact' as a result of HIV/AIDS primarily affects which sector according to the text?

    <p>'Agriculture sector'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In South Africa, what is the average annual rainfall compared to the global average?

    <p>450 mm, lower than the global average</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of dams in South Africa mentioned in the text?

    <p>Disrupting traditional living areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the challenges faced regarding the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy implementation in South Africa?

    <p>Logistical and financial constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor contributing to water pollution in South Africa?

    <p>Urbanization and altered river flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do municipalities play in South Africa concerning water management?

    <p>Buying, purifying, and distributing water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is sustainable water use important in South Africa?

    <p>To conserve water resources and maintain quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate change affect water management in South Africa?

    <p>By causing longer dry spells and more severe floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge posed by the predicted climate change impacts on South Africa's water management?

    <p>Longer dry spells and severe floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key difference between South African rivers and other major African rivers like the Zambezi?

    <p>Relatively small size of South African rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do dams impact settlements according to the text?

    <p>Affecting traditional living areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical causes can lead to floods according to the text?

    <p>High rainfall and snow melting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor typically shortens lag time and increases discharge, thus enhancing flood risks?

    <p>Land Use Effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of flood defences as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Construction of barriers and levees to prevent overflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are urban areas particularly vulnerable to floods?

    <p>Impermeable surfaces accelerating runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can exacerbate the frequency and severity of floods, according to the text?

    <p>Poor water management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hydrographs help in understanding river discharge over time?

    <p>By displaying discharge changes before, during, and after storm events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What human activities are mentioned in the text as contributing to increasing flood risks?

    <p><strong>Deforestation and Poor Farming</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's water is stored in icecaps and glaciers?

    <p>68.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a state of water according to the text?

    <p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which water returns from the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth in the hydrological cycle?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the world's water is considered fresh water?

    <p>3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process releases water vapor into the air in the hydrological cycle?

    <p>Evapotranspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes ice from liquid water according to its behavior?

    <p>Ice expands and floats on liquid water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common state of water found on Earth?

    <p>Liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what state is water when it evaporates from lakes and oceans?

    <p>Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's fresh water is stored in groundwater?

    <p>30.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Population Distribution' refer to?

    <p>How people are spread across the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to low population densities in Densely Forested Tropical Regions?

    <p>Harsh climate and lack of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of conducting a Census?

    <p>To collect demographic information about every person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do Desert Areas tend to have low habitation?

    <p>Harsh climate and lack of water and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Population Density' measure?

    <p>The number of people living per unit area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geographical feature is associated with challenging living conditions leading to low population densities?

    <p>Mountainous Regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the rapid increase in the global population since 1800?

    <p>Technological advancements in medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by urbanization leading to decreased birth rates and low death rates?

    <p>Stage 3 – Late Expanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a country as 'overpopulated' according to the text?

    <p>High population density without rising living standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are population structures characterized using population pyramids?

    <p>To visualize population growth over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of migration involves people settling in a new location indefinitely?

    <p>Immigration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What population movement results from people leaving a country?

    <p>Emigration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a 'Declining' population structure according to the text?

    <p>Narrow base due to very low birth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Overpopulation' is not solely dependent on what factor according to the text?

    <p>'Immigration rates'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Internal Migration' involves movement within which geographical boundary?

    <p>'Within the same country'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which water returns from the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth in the hydrological cycle?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes ice compared to liquid water based on its behavior?

    <p>It expands when freezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is water in oceans not potable?

    <p>Due to its salinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the hydrological cycle according to the text?

    <p>Solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's water is held in icecaps and glaciers?

    <p>68.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process releases water vapor into the air as mentioned in the hydrological cycle?

    <p>Evapotranspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when water vapor cools in the atmosphere?

    <p>It condenses into clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Runoff' in the hydrological cycle refers to what process?

    <p>'Excess' water flowing over the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Evapotranspiration' refers to which combined processes as described in the hydrological cycle?

    <p>'Evaporation' from water bodies and 'transpiration' from plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Precipitation' primarily refers to what natural phenomena within the hydrological cycle?

    <p>'Falling' of cloud particles as rain, sleet, hail, or snow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between push and pull factors for migration?

    <p>Push factors force people to leave, while pull factors attract people to a new location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cycle of poverty in rural areas as described in the text?

    <p>It leads to neglected farms, decreased productivity, and economic decline when economically active individuals migrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key challenge faced by immigrants and refugees according to the text?

    <p>Hostility or discrimination based on perceived resource strain or job competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does HIV differ from AIDS?

    <p>AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the social and economic effects of HIV and AIDS as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Overwhelmed healthcare facilities and significant losses in productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do seasonal movements like transhumance involve?

    <p>Moving livestock between seasonal pastures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do urbanization patterns in South Africa suggest?

    <p>More people moving from rural areas to urban areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the birth rate measure?

    <p>The number of live births per 1,000 people per year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate, multiplying by 100, and then dividing by 1,000?

    <p>Natural Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences fertility rate in a population?

    <p>Economic conditions and contraception availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do LEDCs typically differ in their population pyramid shapes from MEDCs?

    <p>MEDCs have a wide base and narrow top in their pyramids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor does NOT influence death rates in a population according to the text?

    <p>Access to contraception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the life expectancy of a population influenced?

    <p>By healthcare, sanitation, and education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the fertility rate represent in a population?

    <p>The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference in population structures between LEDCs and MEDCs?

    <p>MEDCs typically exhibit lower birth rates than LEDCs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is calculated by multiplying the total number of births or deaths by 1,000 and dividing by the total population?

    <p>Natural Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Natural Decrease indicate in a population structure?

    <p>A decline in population due to higher death rates than birth rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can exacerbate the frequency and severity of floods, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Deforestation and poor farming practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of flooding can occur due to strong onshore winds and high tides?

    <p>Coastal flooding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human activity can contribute to river overflow by obstructing water flow, according to the text?

    <p>Debris accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool is essential for understanding how river discharge changes before, during, and after storm events?

    <p>Hydrographs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can urbanization impact flood risks, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Shortening lag time and increasing discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy involves establishing early warning systems and preparing for evacuations in rural areas to manage flood risks?

    <p>&quot;Rural and Informal Settlements&quot; tactics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of hydrographs that influences flood potential?

    <p>&quot;Lag Time&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does snow melting contribute to sudden floods in certain regions?

    <p>By enhancing surface runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following human causes can lead to downstream flooding?

    <p>Faulty dams or rapid water release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do prolonged periods of intense rainfall contribute to flooding?

    <p>By causing flash floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge faced in the implementation of the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy in South Africa?

    <p>Managing the financial cost of providing free water to all households</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do dams impact ecosystems according to the text?

    <p>Leading to habitat disruptions and affecting biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the significant uses of dams in South Africa as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Supplying urban needs, recreational activities, and irrigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to water pollution in South Africa according to the text?

    <p>Increased runoff due to urbanization and human activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do municipalities play in South Africa's water management as discussed in the text?

    <p>They are responsible for buying, purifying, and distributing water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant predicted impact of climate change on water management in South Africa?

    <p>Increased frequency of dry spells and floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key strategy mentioned for sustainable water use in South Africa?

    <p>Recycling water and reducing wastage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major impacts of dams on settlements as highlighted in the text?

    <p>'Potential flooding and disturbances'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Most of the country experiences no rain in winter' is a statement that emphasizes:

    <p>'Significant drought conditions during winter'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'A considerable amount of water is lost each year due to high evaporation rates across the country' implies:

    <p>'Evaporation contributes to challenges in water conservation'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do oceans play in oxygen production?

    <p>Produce nearly half of the oxygen through photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy resource is NOT mentioned as derived from oceans?

    <p>Hydropower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes water to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere according to the text?

    <p>Coriolis effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major warm ocean current flows from the USA across the Atlantic to Europe?

    <p>Gulf Stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant economic activity associated with nutrient-rich cold waters of ocean currents?

    <p>Fishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is used to provide fresh water from seawater, especially in arid regions according to the text?

    <p>Desalination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major environmental issue resulting from oil spills, waste dumping, and runoff from land-based sources?

    <p>Ocean pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Population Density measure?

    <p>The number of people living per unit area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do Cold Regions tend to have low population densities?

    <p>Extreme weather conditions making survival difficult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes significantly to low habitation in Desert Areas?

    <p>Harsh climate and lack of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Census?

    <p>To collect demographic information about every person in a country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Densely Forested Tropical Regions less densely populated?

    <p>Harsh living conditions deter dense human settlement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of Mountainous Regions on population density?

    <p>Decrease in population density due to rugged terrain and harsh climates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the significant global population growth since 1800?

    <p>Advancements in medicine reducing death rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by low birth and death rates leading to population stabilization?

    <p>Stage 4 – Low Stationary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Singapore not considered overpopulated despite its high population density?

    <p>Successful implementation of family planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is NOT considered overpopulated despite having high population density?

    <p>Netherlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of a 'Declining' population structure according to the text?

    <p>Narrow base due to very low birth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential for policymakers to understand population growth dynamics according to the text?

    <p>To address challenges related to overpopulation and resource management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of movement involves migrants intending to settle in a new location indefinitely?

    <p>International Migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Somalia considered overpopulated despite having low population density?

    <p>'Population explosion'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Internal Migration' involves movement within which geographical area?

    <p>'The same country'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Immigration' primarily involves the movement of people into which kind of area?

    <p>'A country'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's water is held in icecaps and glaciers?

    <p>68.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is identified as the most affected by HIV and AIDS in terms of population structure?

    <p>20-49 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process releases water vapor into the air according to the hydrological cycle?

    <p>Evapotranspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is liquid water characterized as conforming to the shape of its container?

    <p>Due to fluidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which water returns to the surface of the Earth from the atmosphere?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state of water is characterized by being less dense than liquid water?

    <p>Solid ice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does HIV and AIDS have on gender disparities according to the text?

    <p>Increase in female-headed households</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Evapotranspiration' involves which two primary processes?

    <p>(a) Evaporation and (b) Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between voluntary and forced migration?

    <p>Voluntary migration is due to compulsion, while forced migration is based on personal choice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of urbanization as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Urbanization is especially pronounced in Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do immigrants and refugees often face hostility or discrimination?

    <p>Based on the perception that they strain local resources or take jobs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the high HIV infection rates in Southern Africa?

    <p>Low socio-economic conditions and limited access to healthcare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does HIV weaken the immune system of infected individuals?

    <p>By targeting healthy body tissues and organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to economic decline due to HIV and AIDS?

    <p>Reduction in GDP due to decreased productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the cycle of poverty in rural areas according to the text?

    <p><strong>Migration of economically active individuals leaving dependents behind.</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the birth rate measure?

    <p>The number of live births per 1,000 people per year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is natural increase in a population?

    <p>When the birth rate exceeds the death rate, leading to population growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are birth and death rates calculated?

    <p>Dividing the total number of births or deaths by 1,000 and multiplying by the total population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors influence life expectancy in a population?

    <p>Healthcare, sanitation, education, and economic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are LEDCs distinguished from MEDCs based on their population pyramids?

    <p>LEDCs have high birth rates and lower life expectancy, showing a wide base and narrow top in pyramids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does fertility rate measure in a population?

    <p>The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the death rate provide insights into?

    <p>General health and longevity of a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the natural decrease in a population indicate?

    <p>A decline in population due to lower birth rates than death rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are factors influencing birth rates different from those affecting death rates?

    <p>Birth rates are affected by education levels, while death rates are influenced by living conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do war and migration contribute to changes in population dynamics?

    <p>War and migration can dramatically alter population figures and structures by influencing birth and death rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What human activities can worsen flooding by increasing soil erosion and surface runoff?

    <p>Deforestation and poor farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can contribute to sudden floods in regions with heavy snowfall?

    <p>Snow melting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hydrographs help in understanding river discharge patterns?

    <p>Showing discharge changes over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can urbanization typically do to lag time and discharge in hydrographs?

    <p>Shorten lag time and increase discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is a specific flood management strategy for rural and informal settlements?

    <p>Establishing early warning systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause rivers to overflow by obstructing water flow according to the text?

    <p>Debris accumulation at bridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural phenomenon can lead to coastal flooding in combination with high tides?

    <p>Strong onshore winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of hydrographs that helps in assessing flood potential?

    <p>Representing lag time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action can help manage water flow and infiltration in urban areas to reduce flood risks?

    <p>Improving drainage systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can poor water management contribute to downstream flooding according to the text?

    <p>Rapid release of water from dams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do ocean currents play in influencing climate patterns?

    <p>Increasing the capacity of the air to hold water vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does overfishing impact ocean ecosystems?

    <p>Decreasing fish stock levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor causes water to move in ocean currents due to its effect on density?

    <p>Salinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial environmental issue related to oceans mentioned in the text?

    <p>Ocean Pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is being increasingly used to provide fresh water from seawater in arid regions?

    <p>Desalination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of oxygen production in oceans according to the text?

    <p>Algae and Plankton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic activity is significantly tied to warm ocean currents attracting tourists?

    <p>Tourism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a renewable energy resource that oceans offer, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Solar Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average annual rainfall in South Africa compared to the global average?

    <p>450 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in South Africa experiences no rain in winter and also lacks summer rain?

    <p>South-western part of Western Cape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of dams on ecosystems and biodiversity?

    <p>Affect settlements and biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of municipalities in water management in South Africa?

    <p>Managing local water resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key strategy mentioned for sustainable water use in South Africa?

    <p>Restore wetlands and invasive vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Population Distribution refer to?

    <p>How people are spread across the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to low population densities in Mountainous Regions?

    <p>Challenging living conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Census?

    <p>Systematically collecting demographic information about every person in a country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the factors that lead to lower population densities in Desert Areas?

    <p>Harsh climate and lack of water and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Population Density typically expressed?

    <p>Per square kilometer or square mile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does HIV represent?

    <p>Human Immunodeficiency Virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of death in countries like Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe?

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that influences migration based on personal choice?

    <p>Economic opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical pull factor attracting people to a new location?

    <p>Favorable climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the cycle of poverty in rural areas according to the text?

    <p>Neglected farms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do immigrants and refugees often face hostility or discrimination according to the text?

    <p>They strain local resources according to perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region saw a decrease in HIV infection rates from 2002 to 2008 according to the text?

    <p>Gauteng</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a main push factor for migration based on conflict?

    <p>Wars and conflicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does HIV/AIDS have on healthcare facilities according to the text?

    <p>Increased demand for AIDS-related treatment overwhelming healthcare facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do economically active individuals migrate according to the text?

    <p>To secure better employment opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the rapid increase in the global population since 1800?

    <p>Decrease in death rates due to healthcare advancements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by low birth and death rates, influenced by improved women's rights and contraception?

    <p>Low Stationary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of an expanding population structure according to the text?

    <p>Wide base reflecting high birth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country mentioned is NOT an example of a situation where overpopulation is determined by living standards rather than population density?

    <p>United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a country being considered overpopulated indicate according to the text?

    <p>Decrease in living standards due to growing population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by urbanization leading to decreased birth rates and continued low death rates?

    <p>Late Expanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state of water on Earth is characterized by its fluidity and ability to conform to the shape of its container?

    <p>Liquid Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process describes the continuous movement of water within the Earth and its atmosphere, driven by solar energy?

    <p>The Hydrological Cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is highlighted as the most affected by HIV and AIDS in terms of high death rates within the productive age group?

    <p>20-49 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of fresh water is locked up in icecaps and glaciers according to global water distribution?

    <p>68.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which water returns from the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth in the hydrological cycle?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region holds about 97% of Earth's water but most of it is not potable due to salinity?

    <p>Salt Water (Oceans)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does water vapor transform into when it cools and condenses into tiny droplets in the atmosphere?

    <p>Liquid Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which gender does HIV infection rates lead to an increase in child-headed households?

    <p>Women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process releases water vapor into the air through a combination of evaporation from water bodies and transpiration from plants?

    <p>Evapotranspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key impact of HIV and AIDS on social structures and economic development, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Strain on social and economic systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant environmental threat to marine biodiversity according to the text?

    <p>Overfishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences the movement of deep ocean currents as explained in the text?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary source of oxygen production mentioned in the text?

    <p>Oceans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant economic activity related to the nutrient-rich cold waters of ocean currents?

    <p>Fishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do warm ocean currents impact the climate of north-western Europe according to the text?

    <p>Increasing air temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key resource mentioned as being obtained from the ocean floor?

    <p>Oil and gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is used to provide fresh water from seawater in arid regions according to the text?

    <p>Desalination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge faced by vital ecosystems like oceans due to human activities?

    <p>Pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do surface currents primarily move according to the text?

    <p>Wind influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impacts does overfishing have on fish populations besides reducing stocks?

    <p>Disruption and imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary physical cause of floods mentioned in the text?

    <p>Geographical Relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human activity can exacerbate the frequency and severity of floods according to the text?

    <p>Deforestation and Poor Farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lag time in hydrographs and flood potential?

    <p>It represents the delay between peak rainfall and peak discharge, influencing flood potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of urbanization that contributes to increased flood risks?

    <p>Impermeable surfaces accelerating runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of flood defences as mentioned in the text?

    <p>To construct barriers and levees to prevent overflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hydrographs help in understanding river discharge over time?

    <p>By showing how river discharge changes before, during, and after storm events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Urban Areas in flood management strategies focus on which approach?

    <p><strong>Prohibiting development on floodplains</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average annual rainfall in South Africa?

    <p>450 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of South Africa experiences no rain in winter and also lacks summer rain?

    <p>South-western part of the Western Cape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does urbanization have on water in South Africa according to the text?

    <p>Leads to polluted waters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many dams are there in South Africa that help manage and store water?

    <p>500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major role of dams in South Africa?

    <p>Providing water for urban needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the strategies mentioned for sustainable water use in South Africa?

    <p>Reducing wastage of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the challenges faced in the implementation of the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy in South Africa?

    <p>'Logistical and Financial Constraints'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the roles of municipalities in South Africa regarding water management?

    <p>'Buying, purifying, and distributing water'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Decrease in Rainfall' and 'Increased Extremes' are predicted climate change impacts that pose challenges to which aspect of South Africa?

    <p>'Agricultural Impacts'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Seasonal Variations' and 'High Evaporation Rates' are key points related to which environmental aspect of South Africa?

    <p>'Water Availability'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information is NOT collected during a census?

    <p>Education level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the birth rate measure in a population?

    <p>Growth potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does a natural decrease have on a population?

    <p>Population decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some factors influencing death rates in a population?

    <p>Healthcare quality and living conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a population pyramid primarily depict?

    <p>Age and gender breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do LEDCs typically have a wide base on their population pyramids?

    <p>High birth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the rate of natural increase calculated in a population?

    <p>$\text{Birth rate} - \text{Death rate}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

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