44 Questions
During which years did the Berlin Conference take place?
1884-1885
The Berlin Conference was a significant event in the Scramble for Africa in the year $______$.
1885
What were the different forms of colonial rule mentioned in the content?
Company Rule, Direct Rule, Indirect Rule, Settlers Rule
Resistance against colonialism occurred in all regions of Africa.
True
Match the following colonial impacts with their categories:
Political impacts = Changes in governance systems Economic impacts = Financial alterations and resource exploitation Social impacts = Changes in societal structures and norms
What is capitalism?
Capitalism is an economic system where the means of production are privately owned.
Which of the following is a characteristic of capitalism?
Profit maximization
Which European country was the first to be industrialized?
England
What are the two social classes that emerged as a result of the Industrial Revolution?
The proletariat and the capitalist
Which of the following is not a characteristic of capitalism?
Public property
What was the main objective of the Treaty of Vienna?
To reverse all the changes brought about in Europe during the reign of Napoleon wars and restore the monarchies.
What were the major obstacles for Italian unification according to the text?
Austrian occupation, Papal States, and existence of several independent states.
Which European nations were obstacles for Italian unification and why?
All of the above
Northern Italy was industrialized while southern Italy was agrarian. True or False?
False
Who was considered the architect of a united Italy?
Count Camillo di Cavour
The ______, created in 1834, was an economic alliance promoting trade and a strong economy to remove tariffs on products traded between German states.
Zollverein
What was the 'Blood and Iron' Policy?
Using military power to achieve the unification of Germany.
Which of the following did Otto Von Bismarck use to unify Germany?
'Blood and Iron' policy
Identify Zollverein, the battle of Sadowa, Alsace, and Lorraine.
Zollverein: A customs union of German states, Battle of Sadowa: A battle between Prussia and Austria, Alsace and Lorraine: Provinces ceded by France to Germany.
What were the major causes of the American civil war?
Economic interests, cultural values, power of the federal government, and slavery.
What are the Balkan states and how did foreign interventions affect them?
Balkan states include Serbs, Bulgarians, Rumanians, and Greeks. Foreign interventions affected the internal affairs of these countries by supporting conflicting interests.
Why did Russia support the independence movement of the Balkan people?
Russia supported the independence movement of the Balkan people due to tensions and hostilities rising in the region, resulting in the reduction of the Ottoman Empire's territories.
European missionaries who preached Christianity in Africa were successful in converting most of the Africans.
False
The concept of colonialism is inseparably tied to which of the following?
Imperialism
Legitimate trade between Africa and Europe shifted the relationship from commerce based on human merchandise to merchandise of tropical crops due to the abolition of the __________ trade.
slave
Explain the economic factors behind European colonization of Africa.
European colonization of Africa was primarily driven by the economic motives of acquiring raw materials for industrialization and creating new markets.
How does Kipling describe the subjects of colonial rule in the poem 'The White Man’s Burden'?
Half-devil and half child
What was the main goal of the Berlin Conference held from 1884 to 1885?
To divide up Africa among the European Colonial powers
What was the principle of effective occupation according to the Final Act of the Berlin Conference?
All of the above
Who confirmed the Congo Free State as their private property at the Berlin Conference?
King Leopold II of Belgium
What were some common features shared by all colonial governments in Africa?
Undemocratic systems
The colonial powers followed different means to colonize Africa. These were fake treaties and _.
force
Who was one of the prominent leaders of the Tukulor Empire in West Africa who resisted French rule?
Ahmadu Seku
The Maji Maji Uprising in Tanganyika was the most significant African challenge to __________ colonial rule.
German
European powers were successful in rapidly partitioning Africa during the scramble primarily due to the lack of cooperation and solidarity among Africans.
True
Colonialism in Africa encouraged Africans to enhance their indigenous technological skills and education.
False
Match the following names with their correct matches:
Kinjikitle Ngwale = Rebelled against German colonial rule in South West Africa Urabi Pasha = led the Egyptian resistance against the Anglo Egyptian rule Asantehene Prempe = leader of the anti-British struggle in the Gold Coast Samouri Toure = led an armed rebellion of Africans against German colonial rule in German East Africa Ahmadu Seku = a prominent leader of the Tukulor Empire in West Africa
The map of Africa of 1884 was nearly similar to that of the 1914 map.
False
Searching for new markets was one of the motives of European colonial powers in Africa.
True
The Africans' early resistance movements were spontaneous and lacked organization.
True
The British colonial policy favored direct rule rather than indirect rule.
False
What was the main reason for European countries to colonize Africa?
To exploit rich African resources
Why were African early resistance movements not successful?
Early African resistance movements lacked organization and unity, making them ineffective against European colonial powers.
Explain briefly the economic consequences of Colonialism in Africa.
Colonialism in Africa led to economic exploitation, destruction of indigenous economic systems, and weakened local economies.
Study Notes
Development of Capitalism and Nationalism 1815 to 1914
Features of Capitalism
- Capitalism is a dominant economic system in the Western world since the collapse of feudalism
- Most means of production are privately owned
- Growth of capitalism was influenced by the Industrial Revolution
- Industrial Revolution started in England in the 18th century and spread to Belgium, France, and German states
- New sources of energy and power, such as coal and steam, replaced wind and water powers
- Factory system was created to replace the domestic system
- Industrialization promoted the development of new socio-economic classes:
- Proletariat: working-class individuals who do not own the means of production
- Bourgeoisie: owners of the means of production, factories, and land
Role of Industrial Revolution
- Tremendous economic transformation in Western Europe and the United States in the 19th century
- Introduced new machines and manufacturing techniques
- Enabled mass production and increased productivity
Emergence of Capitalism
- Emerged in Western Europe due to:
- Availability of resources and markets
- Development of trade and commerce
- Establishment of colonies and exploitation of resources
- European transatlantic economy:
- Slave trade and slavery played a key role
- Riches from colonies and plantations funded Europe's industrialization
- Referred to as 'capital', used to fund industrialization### Development of Capitalism and Nationalism
The Transatlantic Slave Trade and Capitalism
- The transatlantic slave trade was a significant factor in the development of capitalism in Europe.
- The slave trade brought tremendous riches to British port towns like Liverpool.
- Textile mills played a crucial role in the rise of Manchester as a city.
Features of Capitalism
- The means of production in a capitalist system are owned by a small group of wealthy individuals (capitalists or bourgeoisie).
- The proletariat (working class) receive wages for their labor.
- The creation of products and services is based on demand and supply, with free commerce and competition (market economy).
- The government has limited interference and restriction.
Industrialization and Nationalism
- In countries like Germany and Italy, industrialization was linked to mass militarization and nationalism, which ultimately led to World War I.
- These countries felt the need to build colonial empires to compete with longstanding colonial powers like Great Britain and France.
Nationalism
- Nationalism is a feeling of belonging and loyalty to one's nation.
- It is the sense of belonging or pride in one's own country.
- Nationalism comes with a sense of support for one's nation and government in every activity.
Factors Contributing to Nationalist Sentiment
- The Renaissance and its development of national language and literature.
- The Protestant Revolution and the breakdown of religious unity in Europe.
- Trade and colonies, which brought wealth and helped build strong states.
Unification of Italy
- Italy was fragmented after the Congress of Vienna in 1815.
- Obstacles to unity included Austrian occupation, the Papal States, and independent states.
- The Kingdom of Sardinia was the most advanced state in Italy and slowly expanded since the Middle Ages.
Leaders of the Unification Movement
- Giuseppe Mazzini: Had a vision for a united Italy, opposed monarchy, and founded "Young Italy" to abolish foreign rule.
- Count Camillo di Cavour: Strengthened Piedmont, wanted Italy to be industrialized and united, and reduced the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in politics.
- Giuseppe Garibaldi: Led the Red Shirts, an army that wore bright red shirts into battle, and captured the island of Sicily and the Italian mainland.
Unification of Germany
- The German Confederation was created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and consisted of 39 separate autonomous states.
- The state of Prussia took the lead in unifying Germany.
- The 1848 revolution failed to establish a unified German state.
- Steps toward unification included:
- Development of the German railway, which promoted unity.
- The Zollverein, an economic alliance that promoted trade and a strong economy.
- Otto von Bismarck's plan for Germany, which used realpolitik and the "Blood and Iron" policy to achieve unification.
Otto von Bismarck's Plan
- Bismarck's plan for Germany was to unify Germany under Prussian leadership.
- He used realpolitik, or the politics of reality, and the "Blood and Iron" policy, which involved using military power to achieve unity.
- The three wars that led to German unification were:
- The Danish War (1864) against Denmark.
- The Seven Weeks War (1866) against Austria.
- The Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) against France.### Unit 1: Development of Capitalism and Nationalism (1815-1914)
The American Civil War
- The American Civil War was fought between the Northern States of America (Union) and the Southern States of America (Confederates) from 1861 to 1865.
- The war was sparked by the election of Abraham Lincoln as president in 1860, who promised to prevent the spread of slavery into newly incorporated territories.
- Eleven southern states seceded from the Union and formed the Confederacy, led by Jefferson Davis, a rich plantation owner.
- The Union wanted to abolish slavery, while the Confederates wanted to keep it as it formed the basis of their economy.
- The war resulted in the abolition of slavery in the USA.
Nationalism and the “Eastern Question”
- The Eastern Question was a diplomatic problem posed in the 19th and early 20th centuries, resulting from the rise of nationalist feelings among the Balkan peoples, the declining Ottoman Empire, and the divergent interests of Great powers in the near east.
- The Balkans were part of the decaying Ottoman Empire, home to peoples with multi-ethnic backgrounds, such as Serbs, Bulgarians, Rumanians, and Greeks.
- Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Germany followed their own national interests in the Balkan region, leading to foreign interventions and conflicts.
- Russia supported the Balkan nationalists, while Britain supported the Turks to suppress the nationalist movements.
Unit Summary
- The unit covers the development of capitalism, nationalism, and the unification of Germany and Italy.
- The American Civil War was fought between the Union and the Confederates, resulting in the abolition of slavery in the USA.
- Economic and social changes, international rivalry, and unsolved problems combined to unsettle the Balkans, leading to a succession of Balkan crises.
Unit 2: Africa and the Colonial Experience (1880s-1960s)
General Background to Colonialism
- Colonialism is defined as the direct and total dominance of one country by another based on the possession of state authority by a foreign power.
- Colonialism grew in scope since the 16th century, after the Age of Discovery.
- The era of "legitimate trade" shifted the relationship between Africa and Europe from commerce based on human merchandise to merchandise of tropical crops, heightening competitiveness and resulting in a race for Africa.
The Motives of European Colonialism
- The main reasons for European colonization of Africa were:
- Economic: demand for raw materials and the need for new market centers.
- Political/Strategic interest: major world powers competing for power and prestige.
- The Civilizing Mission and the White Man's Burden: a rationale for intervention or colonization of other non-western peoples.
Test your knowledge of history with this 10th grade level quiz. Covering various topics and events, this quiz is perfect for students looking to assess their understanding of the subject.
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