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What is one of the challenges associated with conducting simultaneous elections to the Lok Sabha and all State assemblies?

  • Reduced resource allocation
  • Overshadowing regional issues (correct)
  • Increased voter turnout
  • Enhanced political accountability

Which principle may be challenged by the practice of holding elections simultaneously with fixed terms?

  • Political stability
  • Democratic principles (correct)
  • Economic growth
  • Regional autonomy

What is a concern regarding federalism in the context of simultaneous elections?

  • Amendments without state ratification (correct)
  • Direct elections by citizens
  • Increased state powers
  • Enhanced state legislative independence

What logistical requirement is essential for organizing simultaneous elections (One Nation, One Election)?

<p>Supply of electronic voting machines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential advantage may national political parties have in simultaneous elections?

<p>Greater media coverage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of judgment did the Supreme Court deliver regarding the custodial death case?

<p>Split verdict (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the conviction of the police officers involved in the custodial death case?

<p>Culpable homicide not amounting to murder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What important aspect needs to be balanced with the efficiency gains of simultaneous elections?

<p>Foundational principles of democracy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum age until which a Supreme Court judge can serve in India?

<p>65 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system requires consultation from multiple senior judges for appointments in the Supreme Court?

<p>Collegium System (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who has the authority to appoint judges to the Supreme Court of India?

<p>The President of India (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one requirement for being appointed as a judge in the Supreme Court of India?

<p>Must be a citizen of India (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many judges, including the Chief Justice, are currently authorized in the Supreme Court of India?

<p>31 judges (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what provision can a Supreme Court judge be removed from office?

<p>By impeachment supported by Parliament (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which article of the Constitution mentions the provisions for the Supreme Court of India?

<p>Article 124 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the criteria that allows financial autonomy for Supreme Court judges?

<p>Fixed service conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of the NAMASTE Programme?

<p>To mechanise the cleaning of sewers and septic tanks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of sewer and septic tank workers (SSWs) have been validated as of 2023-24?

<p>31,999 out of 38,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of social composition has the highest representation among manual scavengers, according to the 2018 data?

<p>SC (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the challenges faced in the profiling of sewer and septic tank workers?

<p>Some States have not started profiling. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What financial support has been provided to beneficiaries in the NAMASTE Programme?

<p>₹10.6 crore for sanitation-related projects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which practice is proposed as a best practice in sanitation solutions?

<p>Employment of dry toilets and ecological sanitation systems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many manual scavengers received a cash transfer as per the 2018 data?

<p>58,098 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'sanipreneurs' refer to in the context of the NAMASTE Programme?

<p>Workers involved in sanitation who are trained for self-employment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mandate of the 23rd Law Commission?

<p>To review and recommend legal reforms to enhance the Indian legal system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long is the term for the 23rd Law Commission?

<p>Three years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect will the 23rd Law Commission examine related to laws affecting the poor?

<p>Conducting post-enactment audits of socio-economic legislation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key goal regarding Judicial Administration as per the 23rd Law Commission?

<p>Ensure economic disposal of cases by eliminating delays (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a focus area for the 23rd Law Commission?

<p>Creating international laws for foreign relations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Vishvasya Blockchain Technology Stack offer?

<p>Blockchain-as-a-Service with geographically distributed infrastructure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental characteristic of Blockchain technology?

<p>Data is stored in blocks linked together in a chronological chain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a suggested action in the Terms of Reference for the 23rd Law Commission?

<p>Reviewing and suggesting repeals and amendments to existing laws (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of electric vehicle is powered solely by batteries and produces zero emissions?

<p>Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which advanced battery technology is mentioned as a focus for research and development?

<p>Solid-state batteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary objectives of the E-Vehicle policy approved by the Union Government?

<p>To promote India as a manufacturing hub for electric vehicles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum investment requirement set by the E-Vehicle policy for manufacturers?

<p>Rs 4150 Cr (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long do manufacturers have to set up their facilities according to the policy?

<p>3 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of electric vehicle can be charged externally and uses both electric and gasoline power?

<p>Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial factor for ensuring long-term sustainability of electric vehicles?

<p>Supporting clean energy sources for EV charging (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The domestic value addition criteria require what percentage of value addition within 3 years?

<p>25% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the middle-income trap?

<p>Failure to progress beyond middle-income levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributes to India's vulnerability to the middle-income trap?

<p>Untapped human capital and skill gap (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of India's GDP is spent on R&D investments?

<p>0.64% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge does India's manufacturing sector face?

<p>Innovation challenges (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contributing factor to the worsening prospects of middle-income countries migrating to high-income levels?

<p>Aging populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of India's workforce has undergone formal skill training?

<p>2.3% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification for a lower middle-income country according to the World Bank?

<p>Per capita GNI between $1,135 to $4,465 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding income inequality in India?

<p>The top 1% of income earners own 22.6% of the income (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Simultaneous Elections

Holding elections for the Lok Sabha (national legislature) and all state assemblies at the same time.

Regional Issues (in Elections)

Concerns specific to a particular state or region, often overlooked in national elections.

National Parties vs. Regional Parties

Simultaneous elections could favor national parties over regional parties due to larger-scale campaigning and resources.

Political Accountability

Frequent elections are crucial for keeping elected officials accountable to the people.

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Federalism Concerns

Concerns that simultaneous elections might reduce the power and importance of individual states in the federal system.

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Logistical Issues (Elections)

The practical challenges in organizing elections, including resources, personnel, and equipment (like EVMs).

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Custodial Death Judgement

A Supreme Court ruling on police officers convicted in a case related to the death of a person in police custody.

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Split Verdict

A court decision where there's disagreement among judges, leading to differing opinions.

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Supreme Court Establishment

Established on January 28, 1950, under the Indian Constitution.

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Supreme Court Judges (Current)

Currently, there are 31 judges, including the Chief Justice of India.

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Supreme Court Location

The Supreme Court is located in Delhi, with the Chief Justice having power to appoint other locations.

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Judge Appointment Process

The President appoints judges following consultation with the CJI and other judges, often following a senior-most convention.

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Judge Qualifications

Indian citizenship, with 5 years' experience as a High Court judge or 10 years as an advocate, or equivalent distinguished jurist.

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Judge Oath

Judges take an oath to uphold the Constitution and perform duties without bias, maintaining sovereignty.

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Judge Tenure

Judges serve until age 65, resigning or being removed by the President on Parliament recommendation.

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Judge Removal Procedure

Impeachment by Parliament with a special majority vote for proven misconduct or incapacity.

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NAMASTE Programme Launch Year

The NAMASTE Programme was launched in 2023-24.

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NAMASTE Programme Ministry

The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment is responsible for the NAMASTE Programme.

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NAMASTE target: Mechanisation

The NAMASTE Programme aims to mechanize sewer and septic tank cleaning.

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NAMASTE target: Elimination of deaths

The program aims to eliminate deaths related to hazardous sewer/septic tank cleaning.

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Manual Scavenger Social Composition (2018)

97.2% of identified manual scavengers in 2018 belonged to Scheduled Caste (SC) communities.

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Eco-Sanitation Solutions

Eco-Sanitation solutions, like dry toilets and ecological sanitation systems (EcoSan), reduce the need for manual cleaning in areas with poor sewage infrastructure.

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NAMASTE target: Sanipreneurs

The NAMASTE Programme aims to transform sewer and septic tank workers into self-employed sanitation entrepreneurs, called 'sanipreneurs'.

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2019-2023 Sewer/Septic Tank Deaths

377 deaths occurred due to hazardous cleaning of sewers and septic tanks between 2019 and 2023.

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Sanction Decision Time

After receiving a recommendation from an authority, the government has 7 additional working days to decide whether to grant or deny a sanction.

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23rd Law Commission

The 23rd Law Commission of India was constituted by the President for a 3-year term starting September 1st, 2024. It aims to review and recommend legal reforms for the Indian legal system.

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Law Commission's Mandate

The 23rd Law Commission's primary task is to review and recommend legal reforms to improve the Indian legal system.

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Law Commission's Composition

The Law Commission includes a full-time chairperson, four members, and additional ex-officio and part-time members.

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Obsolete Law Review

The Commission aims to create a procedure for periodically reviewing existing laws and suggesting changes, repeal, or amendments based on their relevance and current needs.

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Law and Poverty

The Commission analyzes laws affecting the poor and studies the effects of socio-economic legislation after it's implemented.

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Judicial Administration Review

The Commission aims to ensure efficient handling of legal cases by reducing delays and clearing backlogs. This includes simplifying procedures and aligning rules across different courts.

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DPSP Implementation

The Commission examines existing laws and proposes changes to ensure the effective implementation of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) and to achieve the goals laid out in the Indian Constitution's Preamble.

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Middle Income Trap

A situation where a rapidly growing economy stagnates at middle-income levels and fails to become a high-income nation.

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Electric Vehicles (EVs)

Vehicles powered by electric motors instead of internal combustion engines, gaining popularity due to environmental concerns.

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Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)

EVs that run solely on batteries and produce zero emissions during operation.

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MIC (Middle Income Country)

Countries classified by the World Bank with per capita GNI between US$ 1,135 and US$13,846.

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Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)

EVs that combine a gasoline engine and an electric motor. They can be charged externally.

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Lower MIC

Countries with per capita GNI between US$ 1,136 and US$ 4,465.

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Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)

EVs that combine an electric motor and a gasoline engine, but cannot be charged externally. The battery is charged by the engine or regenerative braking.

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Upper MIC

Countries with per capita GNI between US$ 4,466 and US$ 13,845.

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E-Vehicle Policy Objective

To establish India as a global manufacturing center for electric vehicles (EVs) with advanced technology.

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India's R&D Investment

India's expenditure on research and development as a percentage of its GDP is only 0.64%, compared to 2.4% in China and 3.47% in the US.

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Project Management Agency (PMA)

The body responsible for implementing and managing India's E-Vehicle policy.

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Skill Gap in India

Only about 51% of graduates are employable, and only 2.3% of the workforce has received formal skill training.

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Minimum Investment Requirement (EV Policy)

The minimum investment required for companies to participate in India's E-Vehicle policy.

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Rising Income Inequality in India

The top 1% in India own 22.6% of the national income, highlighting a widening gap between the rich and poor.

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Untapped Human Capital

India's potential workforce is not fully utilized due to skill gaps and lack of innovation capability.

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Domestic Value Addition (DVA) Criteria

Requirements for companies to use locally sourced materials in the manufacturing of EVs within a specified timeframe.

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Study Notes

TNPSC Group I Mains Test Series 2024 - September (English Medium)

  • This document is for a TNPSC Group I Mains Test Series from September 2024.
  • It covers aspects of modern Indian history and Indian culture, focusing on the Indus Valley Civilization.
  • The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) lasted from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE.
  • The IVC was also known as the Harappan Civilization, named after the Harappa site.
  • The civilization stretched across northeast Afghanistan, Pakistan, and western and northwestern India.
  • The IVC was known for urban planning, baked brick houses, advanced drainage and water systems, and skilled craftsmanship.
  • The civilization thrived along the Indus River basins and networks of rivers, including the Ghaggar-Hakra River.
  • Archaeological discoveries, such as Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, were made by Daya Ram Sahni and Rakhal Das Banerji.
  • The IVC's area spanned 1.5 million sq km.
  • The IVC's contributions rival ancient civilizations.
  • The document discusses features of city planning, sanitation systems, planned neighborhoods, cultural diversity, and environmental awareness, highlighting lessons from the IVC for contemporary cities.
  • The Irula tribe, a PVTG in Tamil Nadu, plays a vital role in anti-snake venom production, but continues to struggle with poverty.
  • The Irula tribe resides primarily in the Nilgiris region, with communities also present in Karnataka and Kerala.
  • Their culture values ancestor worship.
  • Anthropological studies suggest their migration from Africa.
  • They speak the Irula language, written in Tamil script.
  • The series also addresses gender discrimination, including the need to change the male mindset, the importance of women's reservation, and initiatives such as Beti Padhao and Mudra.
  • Subtle gender discrimination is identified with examples from the workplace.
  • India ranks 108th out of 193 countries on the Gender Inequality Index (GII) in 2023-24.
  • Steps like the Equal Remuneration Act (1976) and Beti Bachao Beti Padhao aim to curb gender discrimination.
  • The CVC report (2023) highlights the number of corruption complaints against railway employees, followed by public sector banks and Delhi local bodies.
  • Corruption's characteristics and the reasons behind it in India's administration are detailed.
  • Social, ethical, and economic reasons behind corruption are also listed.
  • The role of the National Commission for Women (NCW) in India and challenges facing it is addressed.

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