หน่วยที่ 1: การบรรยายวัตถุและคณิตศาสตร์พื้นฐาน

Unit 1: Describing Objects and Math Basics

• Objectives: After completing this unit, students will be able to identify and describe geometric objects in English, using appropriate descriptive phrases, sentence structures, and verb phrases. Students will also be able to describe numbers and equations.

1.2 Introduction

• Learning English for describing places, people, and objects improves students' job prospects after graduation. This unit covers geometric objects, their properties, locations, and basic math.

1.3 Vocabulary

• Key terms for shapes and geometric objects are provided, including: shape, rectangle, triangle, ellipse, square, pyramid, sphere, edge, vertex, angle, radius, diameter, circumference, locate, situate, subtraction, division, addition, multiplication, and power.

1.4 Geometric Objects and Types

• Geometric shapes are described without considering their position, size or orientation.
• Two-dimensional (2D) shapes are defined by a set of points (vertices) and lines connecting those points. Examples include triangles, squares, and polygons, that are bounded by curves like circles or ellipses.
• Three-dimensional (3D) objects are described by a set of vertices, connecting lines, and 2D faces. Examples include cubes, pyramids, tetrahedrons, ellipsoids, and spheres. These shapes can be bounded by curves or surfaces.

1.5 Properties of Geometric Objects for Measurement

• 2D Shapes: 2D shapes focus on sides and angles. Angles are also known as vertices. For example, a quadrilateral has four sides and four angles.
• 3D Shapes: 3D shapes are focused on faces, edges, and vertices. Faces are the flat surfaces. Edges are the lines where faces meet. Vertices are the points where two or more edges meet..

1.6 Location

• Absolute Location: Describes the position of an object relative to a fixed point, such as "in the middle," "at the top," or "below."
• Relative Location: Describes the position of an object relative to another object, such as "next to," "above," or "below."

1.7 Math Basics

• 1.7.1 Reading Numbers: Examples of reading various numbers.
• 1.7.2 Equations: Examples of mathematical equations, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and expressions involving powers. Examples are provided.