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Questions and Answers
Which statement about the resting membrane potential is correct?
Which statement about the resting membrane potential is correct?
- It is usually around +70 mV.
- It depends primarily on sodium leak channels.
- It is closer to the sodium equilibrium potential than the potassium equilibrium potential.
- None of the above
- The sodium-potassium pump contributes to maintaining it. (correct)
Which ion's movement has the most influence on the resting membrane potential?
Which ion's movement has the most influence on the resting membrane potential?
- Sodium
- A and D
- Calcium
- Chloride
- Potassium (correct)
The sodium-potassium pump actively transports ions in which manner?
The sodium-potassium pump actively transports ions in which manner?
- 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K+ in (correct)
- 2 Na⁺ in, 3 K+ out
- 1 Na⁺ in, 1 K+ out
- Equally Na⁺ and K⁺ in opposite directions
- None of the above
At what voltage is the threshold potential for generating an action potential typically reached?
At what voltage is the threshold potential for generating an action potential typically reached?
What occurs during the repolarization phase of an action potential?
What occurs during the repolarization phase of an action potential?
Which of the following directly restores the resting membrane potential after hyperpolarization?
Which of the following directly restores the resting membrane potential after hyperpolarization?
Which event occurs last in the sequence at the NMJ?
Which event occurs last in the sequence at the NMJ?
What is the role of acetylcholinesterase at the NMJ?
What is the role of acetylcholinesterase at the NMJ?
What is the typical resting membrane potential in most cells?
What is the typical resting membrane potential in most cells?
Which ion movement contributes most significantly to the negative resting membrane potential?
Which ion movement contributes most significantly to the negative resting membrane potential?
Which of the following is necessary for sustained muscle contraction?
Which of the following is necessary for sustained muscle contraction?
Which muscle fiber type is best suited for endurance activities?
Which muscle fiber type is best suited for endurance activities?
Which type of fracture is most common in osteoporotic patients?
Which type of fracture is most common in osteoporotic patients?
What is the correct sequence in bone healing?
What is the correct sequence in bone healing?
Which type of joint is amphiarthrotic?
Which type of joint is amphiarthrotic?
Which joint contains fibrocartilage pads for shock absorption?
Which joint contains fibrocartilage pads for shock absorption?
Which structure connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain?
Which structure connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain?
What is the function of the cerebellum?
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Which metabolic pathway provides immediate ATP but is unsustainable?
Which metabolic pathway provides immediate ATP but is unsustainable?
Which pathway is most efficient for prolonged moderate exercise?
Which pathway is most efficient for prolonged moderate exercise?
The resting membrane potential is closest to the equilibrium potential of which ion?
The resting membrane potential is closest to the equilibrium potential of which ion?
The sodium-potassium pump: (choose the correct statement)
The sodium-potassium pump: (choose the correct statement)
What property of potassium leak channels influences resting membrane potential?
What property of potassium leak channels influences resting membrane potential?
Which voltage is referred to as the threshold potential?
Which voltage is referred to as the threshold potential?
What event occurs first during an action potential?
What event occurs first during an action potential?
What causes hyperpolarization in an action potential?
What causes hyperpolarization in an action potential?
Which structure restores the resting potential after an action potential?
Which structure restores the resting potential after an action potential?
During depolarization, sodium: (choose the best answer)
During depolarization, sodium: (choose the best answer)
Which neurotransmitter is involved in muscle contraction?
Which neurotransmitter is involved in muscle contraction?
Which enzyme terminates acetylcholine's action at the NMJ?
Which enzyme terminates acetylcholine's action at the NMJ?
What is the role of calcium at the NMJ?
What is the role of calcium at the NMJ?
Which event occurs last during muscle contraction initiation?
Which event occurs last during muscle contraction initiation?
What would happen if acetylcholinesterase were inhibited?
What would happen if acetylcholinesterase were inhibited?
Which of the following is not required for sustained muscle contraction?
Which of the following is not required for sustained muscle contraction?
What is the function of calcium ATPase (SERCA)?
What is the function of calcium ATPase (SERCA)?
What type of muscle fiber has high fatigue resistance and is suited for endurance?
What type of muscle fiber has high fatigue resistance and is suited for endurance?
Which step occurs first in bone healing?
Which step occurs first in bone healing?
Which type of fracture is characterized by scattered bone fragments?
Which type of fracture is characterized by scattered bone fragments?
Which structure regulates hunger and thirst?
Which structure regulates hunger and thirst?
Which lobe processes visual information?
Which lobe processes visual information?
Which part of the brain smooths movements and is affected by alcohol?
Which part of the brain smooths movements and is affected by alcohol?
What is the function of the corpus callosum?
What is the function of the corpus callosum?
Which pathway provides immediate ATP during high-intensity exercise?
Which pathway provides immediate ATP during high-intensity exercise?
What is the byproduct of anaerobic metabolism?
What is the byproduct of anaerobic metabolism?
Which pathway is the most efficient for sustained activity?
Which pathway is the most efficient for sustained activity?
Flashcards
Resting membrane potential
Resting membrane potential
The electrical potential difference across the cell membrane when the cell is at rest, usually around -70mV.
Sodium-potassium pump
Sodium-potassium pump
A protein that actively transports 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions in, maintaining the resting membrane potential.
Sodium Equilibrium Potential
Sodium Equilibrium Potential
The voltage at which the movement of sodium into and out of the cell is balanced.
Potassium Equilibrium Potential
Potassium Equilibrium Potential
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Threshold Potential
Threshold Potential
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Action Potential
Action Potential
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Repolarization
Repolarization
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Hyperpolarization
Hyperpolarization
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NMJ (Neuromuscular Junction)
NMJ (Neuromuscular Junction)
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Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine
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Acetylcholinesterase
Acetylcholinesterase
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Type I Muscle Fiber
Type I Muscle Fiber
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Bone Fracture
Bone Fracture
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Impacted Fracture
Impacted Fracture
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Amphiarthrotic joint
Amphiarthrotic joint
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Symphysis
Symphysis
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Corpus Callosum
Corpus Callosum
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Cerebellum
Cerebellum
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Bone Healing
Bone Healing
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Hematoma
Hematoma
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Callus Formation
Callus Formation
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Callus Ossification
Callus Ossification
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Bone Remodeling
Bone Remodeling
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Study Notes
Practice Test Answers
- Question 1: The sodium-potassium pump significantly contributes to maintaining resting membrane potential.
- Question 2: Potassium ion movement has the most influence on resting membrane potential.
- Question 3: The sodium-potassium pump transports 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions in.
- Question 4: The threshold potential for generating an action potential is typically reached at -55 mV.
- Question 5: Potassium channels open, and potassium leaves the cell during repolarization of an action potential.
- Question 6: The sodium-potassium pump directly restores resting membrane potential after hyperpolarization.
- Question 7: Acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine last in the process at the NMJ (neuromuscular junction).
- Question 8: Acetylcholinesterase prevents overstimulation by breaking down acetylcholine at the NMJ.
- Question 9: Sustained muscle contraction requires high-frequency action potentials, elevated sarcoplasmic calcium levels, adequate ATP supply, and sufficient acetylcholine at the NMJ.
- Question 10: Type I (slow-twitch) muscle fibers are best suited for endurance activities.
- Question 11: Impacted fractures are most common in osteoporotic patients.
- Question 12: The correct sequence in bone healing is hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, and finally bone remodeling.
- Question 13: Syndesmoses, symphyses, and certain types of cartilaginous joints are examples of amphiarthrotic joints.
- Question 14: Symphyses contain fibrocartilage pads for shock absorption.
- Question 15: The corpus callosum connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain.
- Question 16: The cerebellum is responsible for smooth and coordinated movements and regulating balance.
- Question 17: Anaerobic pathway provides immediate ATP but is unsustainable.
- Question 18: Aerobic pathway is most efficient for prolonged moderate exercise.
- Question 19: Hematoma formation is the first step in bone healing.
- Question 20: Comminuted fractures are characterized by scattered bone fragments.
- Question 21: The hypothalamus regulates hunger and thirst.
- Question 22: The occipital lobe processes visual information.
- Question 23: The cerebellum is the part of the brain that smooths movements and is affected by alcohol.
- Question 24: The corpus callosum connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain.
- Question 25: Creatine kinase pathway provides immediate ATP during high intensity exercise.
- Question 26: Lactate is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism.
- Question 27: Aerobic metabolism is most efficient for sustained activity.
- Question 28: Sodium-potassium pump is involved in action potential rest, it restores equilibrium.
- Question 3: Potassium ions are closer to the resting membrane potential equilibrium
- Question 11: The correct answer is B. Answer choices about the various types of fractures.
- Question 12: The correct answer is B. The correct answer choices list the series of events that occur in the healing process, beginning with the formation of a hematoma.
- Question 13: The correct answer is E. The correct answer choices highlight the different classifications of joints.
- Question 14: B or D, B is better fit. The correct answers describe the characteristics of joints.
- Question 15: The correct answer is B. Brain structures, especially those that connect the brain hemispheres.
- Question 16: The correct answer is C (Smooth and coordinate movements). Answers detail the different functions of brain structures.
- Question 17: The correct answer is C. The question specifies metabolic pathways. This question describes which metabolic pathway gives a quick burst of ATP, not a lasting source.
- Question 18: The correct response is B. Identifying the pathway most efficient in prolonged exercise.
- Question 19: The correct answer is D. The healing process always begins with hematoma formation.
- Question 20: The correct answer is A. The question details different characteristics of fractures.
- Question 21: The correct answer is B. The correct answer choices focus on parts of the brain that are responsible for the key functions.
- Question 22: The correct answer is D. The question describes specific functions.
- Question 23: The correct answer is A. The correct answer choices offer details describing parts of the brain.
- Question 24: The correct response is B. The different functions or roles of the anatomical parts are detailed in the correct answer choices.
- Question 25: The correct answer is The best answer is C. The question requires students to identify metabolic pathways linked to quick energy bursts.
- Question 26: The correct response is B. The question asks about metabolic byproducts.
- Question 27: The correct answer is A. The question details metabolic pathways and their efficiency.
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