Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the skeleton in the human body?
What is the primary function of the skeleton in the human body?
Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?
Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?
What describes a sesamoid bone?
What describes a sesamoid bone?
What is the function of cancellous bone?
What is the function of cancellous bone?
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How does the movement system interact with the nervous system?
How does the movement system interact with the nervous system?
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Which of these best defines the appendicular skeleton?
Which of these best defines the appendicular skeleton?
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What is NOT a function of bones?
What is NOT a function of bones?
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Which of the following bones is classified as a long bone?
Which of the following bones is classified as a long bone?
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What type of muscle movement mechanism is primarily involved in the contraction of skeletal muscles?
What type of muscle movement mechanism is primarily involved in the contraction of skeletal muscles?
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What term describes the part of the skeleton comprised of the trunk and head?
What term describes the part of the skeleton comprised of the trunk and head?
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What is the primary function of compact bone?
What is the primary function of compact bone?
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Where is cancellous (spongy) bone typically found?
Where is cancellous (spongy) bone typically found?
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What role do ligaments serve in the skeletal system?
What role do ligaments serve in the skeletal system?
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What is the main purpose of joints in the skeletal system?
What is the main purpose of joints in the skeletal system?
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What type of muscle contraction is involved in flexion?
What type of muscle contraction is involved in flexion?
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Which movement is characterized by moving a limb away from the midline of the body?
Which movement is characterized by moving a limb away from the midline of the body?
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What defines the role of tendons in the muscular system?
What defines the role of tendons in the muscular system?
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Which of the following movements corresponds with supination?
Which of the following movements corresponds with supination?
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Which function is NOT performed by the muscular system?
Which function is NOT performed by the muscular system?
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What is the primary characteristic of spongy bone compared to compact bone?
What is the primary characteristic of spongy bone compared to compact bone?
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Study Notes
Human Movement System
- The human movement system involves physiological processes that work together, including the movement system and nervous system.
- The musculoskeletal system (a part of the movement system) is discussed, covering bones, joints, and muscle mechanisms.
- The discussion also touches on abnormalities, disorders, and diseases related to movement.
Learning Objectives
- Students should be able to formulate hypotheses about the interrelationship between organs in the movement system, supported by observation data.
- Students should analyze movement system disorders or abnormalities using data and interpretations.
- Students should evaluate the relationship between the movement system and nervous system, based on research from scientific sources.
Components of the Movement System
- Movement system includes:
- Skeletal system
- Muscle system
The Skeleton
- Functions:
- Organ protection (brain, intestines, etc.)
- Body structure for muscle movement
- Mineral storage (necessary for proper body functions)
- Blood cell production
- Divisions:
- Axial skeleton (80 bones): Forms the trunk of the body, including skull, spine, and ribcage.
- Appendicular skeleton (126 bones): Forms the limbs, includes the arms, legs, hips, and shoulders.
Sections of the Axial Skeleton
- Skull: Complex structure with protective functions for many parts of the body. It also has the ossicles of the inner ear and the hyoid bone located within the skull.
- Spine (vertebral column): Supports the body.
- Rib cage: Protects vital organs and helps with breathing.
Sections of the Appendicular Skeleton
- Arms and hands
- Legs and feet
- Hips (pelvis)
- Shoulders
Bone Shapes
- Long bones (e.g., humerus): Elongated, facilitating movement.
- Flat bones (e.g., frontal bone): Flat, often involved in protection.
- Short bones (e.g., carpals): Cube-shaped, providing stability and supporting movement.
- Irregular bones (e.g., vertebrae): Varying shapes, support diverse functions.
- Sesamoid bones (e.g., patella): Small, rounded bones found within tendons (e.g. kneecap), protecting tendons from stress and wear; improving force generation. Examples include kneecap, palm, and fingers, among other locations
Bone Structures
- Compact bone: Dense, strong, supports the whole body, and protects organs
- Cancellous/spongy bone: Light and porous, found in the ends of long bones and within vertebrae, allowing for light weight.
Types of Joints
- Joints are locations where two or more bones connect.
- Joints allow movement and structural support.
- Cartilage cushions bones to prevent friction.
- Joint types include ball and socket, pivot, and hinge.
Tendons
- Tendons connect muscles to bones.
- They're tough tissues that allow stretching for movement.
- Example. Achilles tendon
The Muscular System
- Function: Provides movement in conjunction with the skeletal system. Essential for life support processes, as well as food consumption.
- Type of Muscles:
- Skeletal muscle (for voluntary movement)
- Smooth muscle (for involuntary actions like digestion)
- Cardiac muscle (for involuntary heart function)
Skeletal Muscle Structures
- Detailed information on the structures of skeletal muscles including muscle fibers, myofibrils, sarcolemma, sarcomere, etc., is provided through visual diagrams.
Movements of Skeletal Muscles
- Flexion vs Extension
- Abduction vs Adduction
- Pronation vs Supination
- Elevation vs Depression
- Rotation
Abnormalities of Skeletal Muscle
- Students should refer to a scientific article.
- A mind map is to be created as an assignment.
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