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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of insulin in regulating blood sugar levels?

  • Enhancing the uptake of glucose by body cells (correct)
  • Stimulating the breakdown of glycogen
  • Inhibiting glucose uptake by cells
  • Increasing blood levels of glucose

Which of the following actions does glucagon perform?

  • Inhibits protein catabolism
  • Promotes storage of dietary fat
  • Accelerates glucose uptake
  • Stimulates breakdown of glycogen (correct)

What is a result of decreased insulin levels in the body?

  • Increased protein catabolism (correct)
  • Decreased gluconeogenesis
  • Increased glucose utilization
  • Increased fat storage in adipose tissue

Which of the following conditions is associated with altered carbohydrate metabolism due to low insulin levels?

<p>Polyuria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does insulin affect amino acids in the body?

<p>Enhances transport of amino acids into cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone, produced in the Islets of Langerhans, is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels?

<p>Insulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a major risk factor for developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?

<p>Obesity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is most closely associated with chronic diabetes complications?

<p>Hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended target for glycemic control in most adults with diabetes?

<p>HbA1c below 7% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Among the following, which is NOT a function of the pancreas?

<p>Secretion of bile (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of diagnosing diabetes mellitus as per current criteria?

<p>Random blood glucose test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is vital for lifestyle management in diabetes prevention?

<p>Regular exercise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of diabetes mellitus?

<p>Insufficient insulin production or action (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of someone who has taken too much insulin?

<p>Weak, rapid pulse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?

<p>Cold, clammy skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key distinguishing feature of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS) compared to DKA?

<p>Hyperglycemia without ketosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments is NOT typically indicated for Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)?

<p>Immediate oral glucose consumption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is associated with long-term diabetes, affecting small blood vessels?

<p>Retinopathy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is most commonly associated with the onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

<p>Between 11 and 13 years old (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of insulin resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

<p>Body tissues not responding to insulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gestational diabetes is typically detected at which point during pregnancy?

<p>24 to 28 weeks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of patients with diabetes are primarily diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

<p>90% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical manifestation of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

<p>Ketoacidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition could potentially lead to secondary diabetes?

<p>Cushing syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what fasting plasma glucose level is diabetes indicated?

<blockquote> <p>126 mg/dl (D)</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for the hemoglobin A1c test?

<p>4% to 5.6% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initial action should be taken when managing a patient diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism?

<p>Replace the deficient hormone with low doses and adjust gradually. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following assessments is essential for a patient with hypothyroidism?

<p>Auscultation of the thyroid lobes if abnormalities are found. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical dosage range for Levothyroxine sodium in treating hypothyroidism?

<p>1.5–2.5 mcg/kg PO daily. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate for a patient experiencing fatigue and depression due to hypothyroidism?

<p>Activity intolerance related to fatigue and depressed cognitive process. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should nursing interventions be organized for a patient with hypothyroidism concerning activity levels?

<p>Space activities to promote rest and recovery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following goals would be least appropriate for a nursing care plan for a patient with hypothyroidism?

<p>Complete independence from all care. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of over-replacement of thyroid hormone in a patient being treated for hypothyroidism?

<p>Bone loss or cardiovascular complications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In assessing the thyroid gland, which of the following findings may indicate Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

<p>Thyroid firmness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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