Questions and Answers
What were the three components of Henry Clay's American System?
Protective tariffs, renewal of the National Bank, and internal improvements.
What was America's first protectionist legislation?
Tariff of 1816
What is a tariff?
A tax on imported goods.
What is a protective tariff?
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What two factors contributed to the Panic of 1819?
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What were the three provisions of the Missouri Compromise?
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What two men did Andrew Jackson's supporters accuse of making a 'corrupt bargain' in the presidential election of 1824?
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Evaluate the costs and benefits of the democratization of American politics and religion.
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What were the three political precedents of the presidential election of 1832?
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What did President Jackson issue to slow the inflation caused by the proliferation of paper money and to restrict land expansion?
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How did the reactions of the Seminoles and the Cherokees to Indian removal differ? What was the result for each tribe?
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Who was responsible for the forced removal of the Cherokees? Why?
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What three anti-Jackson forces came together to form the Whig Party?
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What was the Whig strategy in the presidential election of 1836? What was the result?
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Name two causes of the Panic of 1837.
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What important lesson does the vice presidency of John Tyler teach us about presidential elections?
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Why did many American leaders, such as James Madison, generally oppose federal funding of internal improvements?
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Why did Missouri's application for statehood create controversy?
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Why did Henry Clay favor John Quincy Adams over Andrew Jackson when the presidential election of 1824 went to the House of Representatives?
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Why did the South oppose protective tariffs?
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Why was the 1840 campaign called the 'log cabin campaign'?
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Study Notes
Henry Clay's American System
- Three components: protective tariffs, renewal of the National Bank, and internal improvements.
Protectionist Legislation
- Tariff of 1816 represents America’s first protectionist law.
Tariffs Defined
- A tariff is a tax imposed on imported goods.
Purpose of Protective Tariffs
- Designed to shield national manufacturers from foreign competition.
Panic of 1819 Causes
- Sharp decline in cotton prices due to competition from cheap Asian cotton.
- Irresponsible practices of state banks and mismanagement by the national bank contributed.
Missouri Compromise Provisions
- Maine granted status as a free state, Missouri as a slave state.
- Slavery prohibited in the remainder of the Louisiana Territory north of Missouri's southern boundary.
"Corrupt Bargain" Accusation
- Andrew Jackson’s supporters claimed John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay made a corrupt bargain in the 1824 election.
Democratization of Politics and Religion
- Increased governance accountability with greater public involvement.
- Election choices expanded and religious freedoms granted, though unrestrained preaching could occur.
1832 Presidential Election Precedents
- Emergence of the anti-Masonic party.
- Introduction of a comprehensive party platform.
- National convention held for party nominations.
Specie Circular of 1836
- Issued by President Jackson to control inflation from excessive paper money and limit land expansion.
Indian Removal Responses
- Seminoles engaged in warfare but were defeated.
- Cherokees legally contested their removal, won, but were subsequently forced to relocate.
Andrew Jackson's Role in Cherokee Removal
- Jackson deemed it his responsibility to enforce the court's decision favoring the Cherokees but failed to do so.
Formation of the Whig Party
- Comprised of nationalists, protectionists, and southern interests opposed to Jackson.
Whig Strategy in 1836 Election
- Strategy involved multiple candidates to fragment support; however, it was ineffective, allowing Van Buren to win.
Causes of the Panic of 1837
- Contributing factors: wheat crop failure, falling cotton prices, irresponsible bank actions, and poor economic decisions by Jackson, including the Specie Circular.
John Tyler's Vice Presidency Lesson
- Importance of both presidential and vice-presidential candidates due to the potential for a vice president to assume the presidency.
Opposition to Federal Funding of Internal Improvements
- Leaders like James Madison argued federal funding lacked constitutional authority, believing states should bear responsibility.
Missouri Statehood Controversy
- Application was contentious as it threatened to disrupt the balance of free and slave states in Congress.
Henry Clay's Preference for Adams Over Jackson
- Clay viewed Jackson as unqualified and preferred the nationalistic policies proposed by Adams.
Southern Opposition to Protective Tariffs
- The South viewed these tariffs as unbeneficial, leading to widespread resistance.
"Log Cabin Campaign" of 1840
- The campaign received its name from Democratic mockery of Harrison's retirement life, which the Whigs embraced as a symbol of their candidate's rustic appeal.
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