Untitled Quiz

The smallest human chromosome, measured by gene content, containing 225 genes.

A human chromosome with 545 genes, comparatively larger than chromosome 21 in terms of gene count, despite similar physical size.

Regions of chromosomes located between protein-rich areas and telomeres, containing protein-coding genes.

An image of an organism's chromosome set displayed in pairs according to size and physical landmarks, useful in detecting genetic abnormalities.

A genetic condition where an individual has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two, leading to Down Syndrome.

Protective caps at the ends of chromosomes, composed of repeating DNA sequences.

Groups of genes located close to each other with very similar sequences, often indicative of recent evolutionary events

Inactive genes that resemble functional genes but do not produce active proteins.

A catastrophic event that breaks a chromosome into many pieces, which are then reassembled in a random order.

Type of cell division that creates gametes (sex cells).

Dark-staining, condensed regions of a chromosome that are typically less active in gene expression.

Light-staining, less condensed regions of a chromosome that are more active in gene expression.

A genetic disorder affecting white blood cells.

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes that do not properly align, resulting in an incorrect number of chromosomes in the offspring.

A technique that uses chemicals to create distinct banding patterns on chromosomes for identification. Each band represents a unique DNA sequence.

A technique that uses fluorescent probes to identify specific DNA sequences on chromosomes. The probes bind to complementary sequences and light up under a microscope.

A computer program used in karyotyping that assigns a unique color to each chromosome, creating a 'painted' karyotype from fluorescent dyes.

Chromosomes are composed of two sister chromatids held together at the centromere. Each chromatid comprises a single DNA molecule tightly wound around histone proteins.

The standard chromosomal designation for a male with one X and one Y chromosome.

The standard chromosomal designation for a female with two X chromosomes.

A graphical representation of a chromosome's structure, showing its arms, bands, and subbands.

The constricted region of a chromosome that connects the two arms.

The shorter arm of a chromosome.

The longer arm of a chromosome.

A distinct region of a chromosome that is visible under a microscope.

Smaller regions within a chromosome band, identified by their number.

A condition where an organism has an abnormal number of chromosomes, either missing or extra.

A type of aneuploidy where an individual has only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of two.

A meiotic error that results in aneuploidy, where homologous chromosomes fail to separate during cell division.

A form of Down syndrome where a portion of chromosome 21 is attached to another chromosome, leading to an extra copy of genes from chromosome 21.

A karyotype that shows an abnormal number of chromosomes or alterations in chromosome structure, such as deletions, duplications, or rearrangements. This can arise from errors during cell division or from environmental factors.

A condition where a cell has more than two sets of chromosomes. This can involve having three sets of chromosomes (triploidy) or even more.

Changes in the structure or number of chromosomes. These changes can have wide-ranging effects on an individual's health and development.

A chromosome abnormality where a portion of a chromosome is missing. This can lead to genetic disorders depending on the size and location of the deletion.

A chromosome abnormality where a portion of a chromosome is present twice. This can lead to genetic disorders depending on the size and location of the duplication.

A chromosome abnormality where parts of two chromosomes swap places or combine. This can lead to genetic disorders depending on the involved chromosomes and the extent of the translocation.