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Questions and Answers

What occurs during protrusive jaw relation and how does it affect posterior teeth?

In protrusive jaw relation, the mandible moves anteriorly, causing disocclusion of the posterior teeth as the mandibular anterior edges glide against the maxillary anterior surfaces.

Define lateral mandibular relation and distinguish between the working and nonworking sides.

Lateral mandibular relation refers to the side-to-side movement of the mandible; the working side is the direction the mandible moves towards, while the nonworking side is the opposite side.

What is canine-protected articulation, and what does it achieve during lateral excursions?

Canine-protected articulation results in disocclusion of the posterior teeth due to the vertical overlap of the maxillary and mandibular canines during lateral movements.

Explain group function and its implications for occlusal relationships.

<p>Group function occurs when multiple teeth on the working side contact evenly during lateral excursions, aiding in stable occlusal relationships, particularly in complete dentures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the Curve of Spee and its relevance in dental occlusion.

<p>The Curve of Spee is the upward curve formed by the incisal and cusp edges of teeth from anterior to posterior when viewed laterally, influencing tooth contact during occlusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Bennett’s movement in lateral mandibular relation?

<p>Bennett’s movement involves minimal lateral movement of the working condyle, which rotates and moves laterally only 1 to 2 mm during lateral excursion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does bilateral balanced occlusion function, and when is it most beneficial?

<p>Bilateral balanced occlusion allows all posterior teeth on the working side and one or more on the balancing side to contact simultaneously, which is beneficial for complete dentures to prevent tipping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do occlusal curvatures play in tooth contact during mandibular movement?

<p>Occlusal curvatures facilitate controlled tooth contact during mandibular movements, enhancing functional efficiency and stability of occlusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the incisor relationship in Class I occlusion?

<p>In Class I occlusion, the incisal edges of the maxillary teeth are labial to the incisal edges of the mandibular teeth, with the mandibular incisors occluding on the cingulum plateau of the maxillary incisors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Class II Division I from Class II Division II malocclusion?

<p>Class II Division I features maxillary incisors with labial inclination (proclined), while Class II Division II has maxillary incisors that are lingually inclined (retroclined).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the skeletal relationship of Class III malocclusion.

<p>Class III malocclusion is characterized by a large mandible compared to the maxilla, resulting in a concave facial profile and a prognathic jaw relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of a deep overbite on occlusion?

<p>A deep overbite can lead to excessive force on the mandibular incisors and may cause abrasion or trauma to these teeth over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does mandibular movement affect occlusion?

<p>Mandibular movement influences the dynamic relationship between opposing teeth, potentially leading to wear or misalignment if not properly coordinated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the molar relationship in Class II malocclusion differ from Class I?

<p>In Class II malocclusion, the mandibular teeth are positioned distally to their normal maxillary counterparts, whereas in Class I, the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar aligns directly over the mandibular first molar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the overall occlusal stability?

<p>Overall occlusal stability is determined by a balanced distribution of force across all contacts of teeth without placing undue stress on any single tooth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the articular eminence play in occlusion?

<p>The inclination of the articular eminence is a key posterior determinant that affects the movement and positioning of the mandible and, consequently, occlusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the incisor relationship when lower anterior incisors are edge to edge with upper anteriors?

<p>The incisor relationship is characterized by the lower anterior incisors being edge to edge or labial to the upper anterior incisors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define infraocclusion in relation to malocclusion.

<p>Infraocclusion, or infraversion, occurs when a tooth is abnormally short compared to the rest of the occlusal plane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is posterior crossbite and its common association?

<p>Posterior crossbite occurs when mandibular molars are located lingual to the maxillary molars and is common in Class II malocclusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes an anterior crossbite?

<p>An anterior crossbite is when mandibular anterior teeth are positioned facial to the maxillary anterior teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the term overbite and its dental implications.

<p>Overbite refers to a condition where the maxillary incisors completely overlap the mandibular incisors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is overjet and how does it differ from overbite?

<p>Overjet is defined as the horizontal distance where maxillary incisors are anterior to mandibular incisors, distinguishing it from overbite, which is vertical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of centric relation in jaw relationships?

<p>Centric relation is a reproducible relationship of the mandible to the maxillae, maintained regardless of tooth presence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term physiologic rest position?

<p>Physiologic rest position refers to the position of the mandible when all supporting muscles are in a resting posture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Occlusion

  • Occlusion is the contacting of occlusal and incising surfaces of opposing maxillary and mandibular teeth.
  • Ideal occlusion is the harmonious static and dynamic relationship of teeth and jaws.
  • Stable occlusion does not have too much force on any particular teeth, which could damage the teeth in the short or long term.

Importance of Occlusion

  • Good general and dental health.
  • Mastication
  • Ability to speak
  • Esthetics
  • Allows better differential diagnosis in complicated cases.

Determinants of Occlusion

  • Posterior determinant: TMJ-inclination of the articular eminence, morphology of the medial wall of the glenoid fossa and the shape of the condyle.
  • Anterior determinant: Teeth, overall neuro-masticatory system.

Angle’s Classification of Occlusion

  • Class I: The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar is aligned directly over the mesiobuccal groove on the mandibular first molar. Incisor relationship - Incisal edges of maxillary teeth are labial to the incisal edges of the mandibular teeth. Skeletal relationship - Straight facial profile, also known as orthognathic or mesognathic profile.
  • Class II: Mandibular teeth are distal to their normal maxillary teeth. Maxillary teeth occludes at least half a cusp more mesial to the mandibular first permanent molar. Skeletal relationship - Small mandible, large maxilla, or both. Convex facial profile. Retrognathic. Incisor relationship - Abnormally large overlap of maxillary incisors over mandibular.
    • Division I: Maxillary incisors have a labial inclination (proclined).
    • Division II: Maxillary incisors have lingual inclination (retroclined).
  • Class III: Mandibular molars are mesial to the Class I relationship. Skeletal relationship - Large mandible to maxillae. Concave facial profile. Prognathic.

Jaw Relationships

  • Maximal Intercuspal position (MIP): The tightest or best fit between maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth. It is a tooth-to-tooth relationship.
  • Centric relation (Retruded contact position): An important reproducible and repeatable relationship of the mandible to the maxillae. This jaw relationship is not affected by the presence (or absence) of teeth. The mandible closes with both condyles remaining in rear-most, upper-most and mid-most (rum) position.
  • Physiologic Rest Position: The position of the mandible when all of its supporting muscles are in their resting posture.
    • Occlusal vertical dimension: Refers to the distance between a selected point on the mandible and a selected point on the maxillae.
    • Resting vertical dimension: The position of the mandible when all of its supporting muscles are in their resting posture.
    • Freeway space: Space between the occlusal surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular teeth. [RVD-OVD=FWS]

Jaw relationships during horizontal movements of the mandible

  • Protrusive jaw relation: When the mandible moves anteriorly. Both mandibular condyles and discs move forward together in their articular fossa - downwards and forwards.
    • Incisal guidance: (Anterior guidance or anterior protected occlusion): Incisal edges of the mandibular anterior teeth glide against the lingual surfaces of the maxillary anterior teeth.
    • Retrusion: (Retraction): When the mandible moves posteriorly toward its maximum intercuspal position.
  • Lateral mandibular relation: Movement of mandible to the right or left.
    • Working side: The side towards which the mandible moves during lateral excursion.
    • Nonworking side: The opposite side.
    • Bennett’s movement: The condyle on the working side does not move much; it rotates on its vertical axis and moves laterally only about 1 to 2 mm.
    • Canine-protected articulation: Vertical overlap of the maxillary and mandibular canines produces a disocclusion (separation) of all of the posterior teeth when the mandible moves to either side.
    • Interferences: Refer to the tooth contacts on the nonworking side.
    • Group function: (or unilateral balanced occlusion): An occlusal relationship in which multiple teeth on a working side contact evenly as the jaw is moved toward that side.
    • Bilateral Balanced Occlusion: When all posterior teeth contact on the working side and one or more teeth on the balancing side contact simultaneously. It is produced in complete dentures as it helps to prevent the dentures from tipping and coming loose. It is potentially bad for a patient with natural teeth to have any contact on the nonworking side.

Occlusal Curvatures

  • Occlusal surfaces do not conform to a flat plane.
    • Curve of Spee: When viewed from the lateral aspect, the incisal and cusp edges follow a curve which curves upwards from anterior to posterior.
    • Monsons (Wilsons) curve: When viewed from the coronal plane, there is a curve in the posterior region which is concave and the cusps of the right and left side teeth lie on this curve.

Advantages of Occlusal Curvatures

  • Allow tooth contact.
  • OCCLUSION

What is occlusion?

  • Is contacting of occlusal and incising surfaces of opposing maxillary and mandibular teeth.

Importance of occlusion

  • Good general and dental health
  • Mastication
  • Ability to speak
  • Esthetics
  • Allows better differential diagnosis in complicated cases.

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