ପଲିଟିକା ଶାସ୍ତ୍ରର ପରିଚୟ

Introduction to Political Science

Definition: Study of politics, government systems, political behavior, and political ideas.
Importance: Analyzes power structures, public policies, and their impacts on society.

Key Concepts

Political Theory
- Explores fundamental questions about justice, rights, and the role of the state.
- Key thinkers: Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau.
Comparative Politics
- Examines different political systems and their functions.
- Focuses on political institutions, processes, and outcomes across various countries.
International Relations
- Studies interactions between nations, including diplomacy, conflict, and global issues.
- Key theories: Realism, Liberalism, Constructivism.
Political Systems
- Types: Democracy, Authoritarianism, Totalitarianism, Theocracy.
- Components: Political institutions (executive, legislative, judiciary), political parties, electoral systems.
Public Policy
- Process of policy-making, implementation, and evaluation.
- Importance of understanding policy impacts on social welfare and governance.

Political Behavior

Voter behavior: Factors influencing voting patterns, party affiliation, and turnout.
Political culture: Shared beliefs and values that influence political life.
Public opinion: How societal attitudes shape and are shaped by politics.

Research Methods in Political Science

Qualitative methods: Interviews, case studies, content analysis.
Quantitative methods: Surveys, statistical analysis, experiments.

Key Themes

Power and authority: The nature of power, legitimacy, and the role of coercion.
Rights and liberties: Individual rights, human rights issues, and civil liberties.
Globalization: Its impact on state sovereignty, policies, and international cooperation.

Current Trends

Rise of populism and nationalism.
Impact of technology on politics (social media, cybersecurity).
Climate change and its policy implications on global governance.

Career Paths

Public service (government roles, non-profits).
Academia (research, teaching).
International organizations (UN, NGOs).
Political consulting and advocacy.

ପ୍ରବେଶିକା ରାଜନୈତିକ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ

ରାଜନୈତିକ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ: ରାଜନୀତି, ସରକାର ଭିନ୍ନ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା, ରାଜନୈତିକ ବ୍ୟବହାର ଓ ଧାରଣାଗୁଡିକର ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ।
ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ: ପାୱର ଗଠନ, ସାଧାରଣ ବିଧାନ, ଓ ସମାଜରେ ତାଙ୍କର ପ୍ରଭାବର ବିବେଚନା।

ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଧାରଣାଗୁଡିକ

ରାଜନୈତିକ ଥିଓରୀ
- ନୀତି, ଅଧିକାର ଓ ରାଜ୍ୟର ଭୂମିକା ସପର୍କିତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡିକୁ ପରିଖ୍ୟା।
- ପ୍ରମୁଖ ଚିନ୍ତକ: ପ୍ଲେଟୋ, ଆରିଷ୍ଟୋଟଲ, ମାକିଆଭେଲି, ବହେଉଲ୍, ଲକ୍, ରୁସୋ।
ତୁଳନାତ୍ମକ ରାଜନୀତି
- ବିଭିନ୍ନ ରାଜନୈତିକ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା ও ସେଗୁଡିକର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ପରୀକ୍ଷା।
- ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଦେଶରେ ରାଜନୈତିକ ପ instituc କ୍ରିୟାକଳାପ ଓ ଫଳାଫଳ ଉପରେ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ।
ଆନ୍ତର୍ଜାତୀୟ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧ
- ଦେଶଗୁଡିକର ମଧ୍ୟରେ ସମ୍ପର୍କ, ନୀତି, ନିରସନ ଓ ବିଶ୍ୱ ସମସ୍ୟା ପରୀକ୍ଷା।
- ମୁଖ୍ୟ ତତ୍ତ୍ୱ: ବାସ୍ତବବାଦ, ମୁକ୍ତବାଦ, ସିତିକରଣ।
ରାଜନୈତିକ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା
- ପ୍ରକାର: ନାମୀକରଣ, ଅଧିକାରୀକରଣ, ସାର୍ବରତ୍ତ୍ବ ଓ ଥିଓକ୍ରାସୀ।
- ଅଙ୍ଗ: ରାଜନୈତିକ ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠା(କ୍ଷେତ୍ର, ସଂସଦ, କୋର୍ଟ), ରାଜନୈତିକ ପାର୍ଟୀ, ଚୁନାବ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା।
ସାଧାରଣ ନୀତି
- ନୀତି-ସୃଜନ, କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାନ୍ବୟନ ଓ ମୂଲ୍ୟାଙ୍କନ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା।
- ସାମାଜିକ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ଓ ଶାସନ ପ୍ରତି ପ୍ରଭାବ ବିଷୟରେ ଜାଣିବାର ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ।