英语歷史
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Questions and Answers

Norman

  • Germanic
  • French (correct)
  • Latin
  • Greek
  • William Shakespeare

  • Old English
  • Middle English
  • Modern English
  • Early Modern English (correct)
  • Latin

  • (correct)
  • (correct)
  • (correct)
  • (correct)
  • Study Notes

    History of the English Language

    • Old English (c. 450-1100): Germanic language spoken by Anglo-Saxons in England
      • Influenced by Latin, Greek, and other languages
      • Examples: Beowulf, Caedmon's Hymn
    • Middle English (c. 1100-1500): Emergence of English language after Norman Conquest
      • Influenced by French, Latin, and other languages
      • Examples: Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales
    • Early Modern English (c. 1500-1800): Emergence of modern English language
      • Influenced by Renaissance, Enlightenment, and colonialism
      • Examples: William Shakespeare's plays, King James Bible
    • Modern English (c. 1800-present): Global spread of English language
      • Influenced by industrialization, technology, and globalization
      • Examples: Contemporary literature, media, and spoken language

    English Grammar

    • Parts of speech:
      • Nouns (common, proper, concrete, abstract)
      • Verbs (action, linking, helping)
      • Adjectives (descriptive, quantitative)
      • Adverbs (manner, time, place, frequency)
      • Pronouns (personal, possessive, reflexive, demonstrative)
      • Prepositions (showing relationships)
      • Conjunctions (connecting words, phrases, clauses)
    • Sentence structure:
      • Simple sentences (one independent clause)
      • Compound sentences (two or more independent clauses)
      • Complex sentences (one independent clause, one or more dependent clauses)
      • Compound-complex sentences (two or more independent clauses, one or more dependent clauses)

    English Vocabulary

    • Word origins:
      • Latin and Greek roots
      • French and Germanic influences
      • Borrowings from other languages (e.g., Arabic, Hindi)
    • Word types:
      • Homophones (words with same pronunciation)
      • Homographs (words with same spelling)
      • Synonyms (words with same meaning)
      • Antonyms (words with opposite meaning)
    • Idioms and phrasal verbs:
      • Fixed expressions with non-literal meanings
      • Examples: "break a leg," "get on someone's nerves"

    English Literature

    • Major periods:
      • Old English (Beowulf, epic poetry)
      • Middle English (Chaucer, Canterbury Tales)
      • Renaissance (Shakespeare, sonnets)
      • Romanticism (Wordsworth, Coleridge, poetry)
      • Victorian Era (Dickens, novels)
      • Modernism (Joyce, Woolf, experimental fiction)
    • Major authors:
      • William Shakespeare
      • Jane Austen
      • Charles Dickens
      • Virginia Woolf
      • J.R.R. Tolkien

    英语语言史

    • 古英语(约450-1100):盎格鲁撒克逊人在英格兰使用的日耳曼语
      • 受拉丁语、希腊语和其他语言的影响
      • 例子:《贝奥武夫》、《凯德蒙赞美诗》
    • 中英语(约1100-1500):诺曼征服后英语的出现
      • 受法语、拉丁语和其他语言的影响
      • 例子:杰弗里·乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事》
    • 早期现代英语(约1500-1800):现代英语语言的出现
      • 受文艺复兴、启蒙运动和殖民主义的影响
      • 例子:威廉·莎士比亚的戏剧、《詹姆斯王版圣经》
    • 现代英语(约1800-现在):英语语言的全球扩展
      • 受工业化、技术和全球化的影响
      • 例子:当代文学、媒体和口语

    英语语法

    • 语言部分:
      • 名词(普通、专有、具体、抽象)
      • 动词(动作、连接、助动)
      • 形容词(描述性、数量)
      • 副词(方式、时间、地点、频率)
      • 代词(人称、所有、反身、指示)
      • 前置词(显示关系)
      • 连接词(连接词、短语、从句)
    • 句子结构:
      • 简单句(一个独立从句)
      • 复合句(两个或多个独立从句)
      • 复杂句(一个独立从句、一个或多个从属从句)
      • 复合复杂句(两个或多个独立从句、一个或多个从属从句)

    英语词汇

    • 词源:
      • 拉丁语和希腊语根基
      • 法语和日耳曼语的影响
      • 其他语言的借鉴(例如阿拉伯语、印地语)
    • 词类:
      • 同音词(同音的词)
      • 同形词(同形的词)
      • 同义词(同义的词)
      • 反义词(反义的词)
    • 成语和片语动词:
      • 非字面含义的固定表达
      • 例子:"break a leg"、"get on someone's nerves"

    英语文学

    • 主要时期:
      • 古英语(《贝奥武夫》、叙事诗)
      • 中英语(乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事》)
      • 文艺复兴(莎士比亚、十四行诗)
      • 浪漫主义(沃德斯沃斯、柯勒律治、诗歌)
      • 维多利亚时代(狄更斯、小说)
      • 现代主义(乔伊斯、伍尔夫、实验小说)
    • 主要作家:
      • 威廉·莎士比亚
      • 简·奥斯汀
      • 查尔斯·狄更斯
      • 维吉尼亚·伍尔夫
      • J.R.R.托尔金

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    Description

    探索英语语言的发展历史,从古英语到现代英语。了解诺曼征服对英语的影响 serta 文学作品的例子。

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