现代艺术概述

Modern Art

• Modern art emerged in the 1850-1950s, challenging classical traditions.
• Impressionism focuses on fleeting moments and impressions, not detailed depictions. Brushstrokes are expressive.
• Japanese art influenced Western art in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
• "Six Methods of Xie He" include Qiyun Shengdong (vitality of breath and spirit), Gulfa Yongbi (bone method), Yingwu Xiangxing (representing objects through form), Suilei Fucǎi (coloring based on class), Jingying Weizhi (arranging position), and Chuanyi Moguo (imitation from each other).
• Zen Buddhism emphasizes enlightenment through meditation and understanding the essence of existence. It values the role of teachers and may use unconventional methods like painting to help students achieve insights.
• Abstract art—like "concrete art"—involves performance art or chance art and aims to express emotions in a raw and sincere manner.

Specific Artistic Movements and Examples

• Romanticism (Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, 1830): Focuses on contemporary subjects, like the French Revolution, not Greek myths. Strong contrasts in light and color, dynamic compositions. Emphasizes dramatic emotion.
• Realism (Courbet, Burial at Ornans, 1849-1850): Depicts everyday life realistically.
• Impressionism (Renoir, Luncheon of the Boating Party, 1881): Captures fleeting impressions with visible brushstrokes and emphasizes light and color.
• Post-Impressionism (Van Gogh, Starry Night, 1889): Extends Impressionism, using personal feelings and style.
• Symbolism (Van Gogh, The Bridge in the Rain, 1887): Expressive brushwork and subjective mood conveyed using vibrant colors.
• Naturalism (Su Shi, Dead Tree and Bamboos, 1102): Capture the essence of nature, without meticulous detail.
• Expressionism (Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907): Emphasizes inner emotional experience, often using distortion or vivid color; and often depicted using geometric or fragmented forms.
• Modernism (Manet, Olympia, 1863): Challenges traditional notions of artistic representation by using models and subject matter that were previously deemed unsuitable.
• Academic Art (Bouguereau, Self-Portrait, 1886): Adherence to established norms and techniques; use of light and shadow to create a three-dimensional representation.
• Avant-garde (Picasso, Still Life on a Tablecloth, 1912): Aimed to break away from the established traditions, pushing boundaries of style and subject matter.

Other Art Styles and Artists

• Japanese Prints: Influenced Western artists, particularly in techniques to capture form and color.
• Chinese Ink Painting (Xu Wei, Ink Bamboo, 1070): Emphasizes the artist's emotional connection to the subject; there is a lack specific details.
• Zen/Buddhist Art (various styles depicting meditation or enlightenment): Expresses concepts using minimal details; focuses on directness in conveying Zen principles.
• Surrealism (Dalí, various works): Use of imagery that challenges the viewer and evokes illogical dreamlike and surreal fantasies.