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ܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܓܘܒ̈ܝܬܐ ܗܠܝܢ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܙܕܩܐ ܕܚܝܠܐ ܕܡܟܬܒ݂ܢܐ ܕܫܘܘܚܐ ܓܘܙܠܢܐ ܒܓܘܕܐ ܟܢܝܫܐ ܬܪܝܢ ؟
ܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܓܘܒ̈ܝܬܐ ܗܠܝܢ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܙܕܩܐ ܕܚܝܠܐ ܕܡܟܬܒ݂ܢܐ ܕܫܘܘܚܐ ܓܘܙܠܢܐ ܒܓܘܕܐ ܟܢܝܫܐ ܬܪܝܢ ؟
ܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܓܠܝ̈ܬܐ ܗܠܝܢ ܢܫܦܐ ܠܦܣܩܐ 11 ؟
ܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܓܠܝ̈ܬܐ ܗܠܝܢ ܢܫܦܐ ܠܦܣܩܐ 11 ؟
ܐܝܢܐ ܐܝܬ ܒܗ ܦܠܓܐ ܕܦܪ̈ܘܣܐ ܒܟܠ ܓܒܐ ܒܓܘܕܐ ܟܢܝܫܐ ܬܪܝܢ ܐܢ ܢܦܠ ܐܪܝܟܐ ܕܟܠ ܓܒܐ ܢܗܘܐ ܫܒܘܩ ܡܢ 128 ܦܪ̈ܘܣܐ؟
ܐܝܢܐ ܐܝܬ ܒܗ ܦܠܓܐ ܕܦܪ̈ܘܣܐ ܒܟܠ ܓܒܐ ܒܓܘܕܐ ܟܢܝܫܐ ܬܪܝܢ ܐܢ ܢܦܠ ܐܪܝܟܐ ܕܟܠ ܓܒܐ ܢܗܘܐ ܫܒܘܩ ܡܢ 128 ܦܪ̈ܘܣܐ؟
ܡܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܥܢܝܐ ܕܬܫܥܝܬ݂ܐ ܕܙܒܢܐ ܕܣܝܡ ܒܫܘܘ̈ܚܐ ܗܠܝܢ ؟
ܡܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܥܢܝܐ ܕܬܫܥܝܬ݂ܐ ܕܙܒܢܐ ܕܣܝܡ ܒܫܘܘ̈ܚܐ ܗܠܝܢ ؟
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ܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܝܘܡܝܡܐ ܝܬܝܒܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܡܢ 19.36 ؟
ܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܝܘܡܝܡܐ ܝܬܝܒܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܡܢ 19.36 ؟
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ܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܫܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܗܿܘ ܕܐܝܟ ܒܣܝܡܐܝܬ ܠܐ ܝܗܒ ܠܡܐ ܐܕ̈ܫܢܐ ܓ̈ܘ?
ܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܫܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܗܿܘ ܕܐܝܟ ܒܣܝܡܐܝܬ ܠܐ ܝܗܒ ܠܡܐ ܐܕ̈ܫܢܐ ܓ̈ܘ?
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ܡܢܐ ܬܪܚܘܬܐ ܝܗܒ ܫܘܪܝܐ ܓܠܝܢܐ ܕܓܙܪܬܐ ܠܟܠܗ ܬܒܝܠ?
ܡܢܐ ܬܪܚܘܬܐ ܝܗܒ ܫܘܪܝܐ ܓܠܝܢܐ ܕܓܙܪܬܐ ܠܟܠܗ ܬܒܝܠ?
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ܐܝܢܐ ܫܘܪܝܐ ܒܓܙܪܬܐ ܠܡܐ ܕܐܕ̈ܫܢܐ ܦܬܝܚܐ ܝܗܒ?
ܐܝܢܐ ܫܘܪܝܐ ܒܓܙܪܬܐ ܠܡܐ ܕܐܕ̈ܫܢܐ ܦܬܝܚܐ ܝܗܒ?
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ܥܠ ܡܢܐ ܡܬܚܫܚ ܫܘܪܝܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܒܓܙܪܬܐ?
ܥܠ ܡܢܐ ܡܬܚܫܚ ܫܘܪܝܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܒܓܙܪܬܐ?
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ܥܠ ܡܢܐ ܫܘܪܝܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܠܐ ܝܗܒ ܠܡܐ ܐܕ̈ܫܢܐ ܒܣܝܡܐܝܬ?
ܥܠ ܡܢܐ ܫܘܪܝܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܠܐ ܝܗܒ ܠܡܐ ܐܕ̈ܫܢܐ ܒܣܝܡܐܝܬ?
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ܡܳܢܰܘ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܛܶܠܳܩܳܐ ܪܺܫܳܝܳܐ ܕܰܠܰܝܬܺܝ ܫܽܘܚܠܳܦ̈ܶܐ ܠܰـ IPv6؟
ܡܳܢܰܘ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܛܶܠܳܩܳܐ ܪܺܫܳܝܳܐ ܕܰܠܰܝܬܺܝ ܫܽܘܚܠܳܦ̈ܶܐ ܠܰـ IPv6؟
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ܟܡܐ ܓܠܝ̈ܢܐ ܡܬܒܥܝܢ ܠܟܠ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܓܪ̈ܘܦܐ ܩܕ̈ܡܝܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܒܗܘܢ 64 ܚܒܪ̈ܐ، ܐܢ ܟܠ ܚܕ ܡܢܗܘܢ ܣܢܝܩ ܥܠ 256 ܓܠܝ̈ܢ?
ܟܡܐ ܓܠܝ̈ܢܐ ܡܬܒܥܝܢ ܠܟܠ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܓܪ̈ܘܦܐ ܩܕ̈ܡܝܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܒܗܘܢ 64 ܚܒܪ̈ܐ، ܐܢ ܟܠ ܚܕ ܡܢܗܘܢ ܣܢܝܩ ܥܠ 256 ܓܠܝ̈ܢ?
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ܟܡܳܐ ܒܶܝܬ̈ܶܐ ܐܺܝܬ ܒܰـ address ܕܰـ IPv6؟
ܟܡܳܐ ܒܶܝܬ̈ܶܐ ܐܺܝܬ ܒܰـ address ܕܰـ IPv6؟
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ܐܢ ܓܪܘܦܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܣܢܝܩ ܥܠ 16384 ܓܠܝ̈ܢ ܡܢ ܣܘܟܠܐ ܕܐܝ ܦܝ، ܟܡܐ ܗܘ ܣܛܼܪܐ ܕܓܠܝ̈ܢܐ ܨܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܕܗܢܐ ܓܪܘܦܐ?
ܐܢ ܓܪܘܦܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܣܢܝܩ ܥܠ 16384 ܓܠܝ̈ܢ ܡܢ ܣܘܟܠܐ ܕܐܝ ܦܝ، ܟܡܐ ܗܘ ܣܛܼܪܐ ܕܓܠܝ̈ܢܐ ܨܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܕܗܢܐ ܓܪܘܦܐ?
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ܡܳܢܰܘ ܚܰܕ ܡܶܢ ܢܶܟ݂̈ܣܶܐ ܕܰـ IPv6؟
ܡܳܢܰܘ ܚܰܕ ܡܶܢ ܢܶܟ݂̈ܣܶܐ ܕܰـ IPv6؟
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ܡܰܢܽܘ ܝܰܬܺܝܪ ܡܶܢ ܢܶܟ݂̈ܣܶܐ ܪܺܫܳܝ̈ܶܐ ܕܰـ IPv6؟
ܡܰܢܽܘ ܝܰܬܺܝܪ ܡܶܢ ܢܶܟ݂̈ܣܶܐ ܪܺܫܳܝ̈ܶܐ ܕܰـ IPv6؟
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ܐܝܢܘ ܡܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܓܠ̈ܝܐ ܠܐ ܢܗܘܐ ܡܬܒܥܐ ܡܢ ܓܪܘܦܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܐܢ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܓܕܘܪܘܬܗ ܠܐ ܣܢܝܩ ܥܠ ܓܠ̈ܝܐ ܚܕ ܒܠܚܘܕ?
ܐܝܢܘ ܡܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܓܠ̈ܝܐ ܠܐ ܢܗܘܐ ܡܬܒܥܐ ܡܢ ܓܪܘܦܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܐܢ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܓܕܘܪܘܬܗ ܠܐ ܣܢܝܩ ܥܠ ܓܠ̈ܝܐ ܚܕ ܒܠܚܘܕ?
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ܐܝܢܐ ܣܘܟܠܐ ܡܫܬܘܬܦ ܒܝܢ ܫܡܗ̈ܐ ܕܨܘܪ̈ܐ ܘ ܟܘܘ̈ܢܐ ܠܐܝܦܝܐ ܕܓܪܘܦܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ?
ܐܝܢܐ ܣܘܟܠܐ ܡܫܬܘܬܦ ܒܝܢ ܫܡܗ̈ܐ ܕܨܘܪ̈ܐ ܘ ܟܘܘ̈ܢܐ ܠܐܝܦܝܐ ܕܓܪܘܦܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ?
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ܒܡܰܢܰܘ ܩܰܫܝܳܐ ܕܢܶܬܕܰܪܶܓܼ ܥܰܠ ܚܶܣܪܽ̈ܢܶܐ ܕܰـ IP?
ܒܡܰܢܰܘ ܩܰܫܝܳܐ ܕܢܶܬܕܰܪܶܓܼ ܥܰܠ ܚܶܣܪܽ̈ܢܶܐ ܕܰـ IP?
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ܐܢ ܣܦܩܐ ܕܓܠܝ̈ܐ ܕܐܝ ܦܝ ܦܚܬܐ، ܐܝܟܐ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܬܪܥܝܬܐ ܝܬܝܪܐ ܠܫܘܚܠܦ ܓܠܝ̈ܐ?
ܐܢ ܣܦܩܐ ܕܓܠܝ̈ܐ ܕܐܝ ܦܝ ܦܚܬܐ، ܐܝܟܐ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܬܪܥܝܬܐ ܝܬܝܪܐ ܠܫܘܚܠܦ ܓܠܝ̈ܐ?
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ܐܝܢܐ ܩܝܡܐ ܫܦܝܪܐ ܢܦܩ ܠܟܬܝܒܬܐ ܕܐܝ ܦܝ ܒܝ 6 ܒܩܕܡܝܐܝܬ؟
ܐܝܢܐ ܩܝܡܐ ܫܦܝܪܐ ܢܦܩ ܠܟܬܝܒܬܐ ܕܐܝ ܦܝ ܒܝ 6 ܒܩܕܡܝܐܝܬ؟
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ܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܗܘ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܒܫܬܐܣ ܪܒܥܝ ܕܒܐܝ ܦܝ ܒܝ 6؟
ܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܗܘ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܒܫܬܐܣ ܪܒܥܝ ܕܒܐܝ ܦܝ ܒܝ 6؟
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ܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܢܟܬܒ ܫܦܝܪܐܝܬ 0:15::1:12:1213 ܡܬܦܫܩܐ؟
ܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܢܟܬܒ ܫܦܝܪܐܝܬ 0:15::1:12:1213 ܡܬܦܫܩܐ؟
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ܡܢܘ ܟܬܝܒܐ ܫܦܝܪܐ ܠܐܝ ܦܝ ܒܝ 6 ܒܝܬ 1 ܘܒܝܬ 2 ܡܬܒܨܪ̈ܢ؟؟
ܡܢܘ ܟܬܝܒܐ ܫܦܝܪܐ ܠܐܝ ܦܝ ܒܝ 6 ܒܝܬ 1 ܘܒܝܬ 2 ܡܬܒܨܪ̈ܢ؟؟
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ܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܗܘ ܟܬܝܒܐ ܫܦܝܪܐ ܕܐܝ ܦܝ ܒܝ 6 ܒܨܘܪܬܐ ܪܒܝܥܝܬܐ ܫܬܐܣܝܬܐ؟
ܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܗܘ ܟܬܝܒܐ ܫܦܝܪܐ ܕܐܝ ܦܝ ܒܝ 6 ܒܨܘܪܬܐ ܪܒܝܥܝܬܐ ܫܬܐܣܝܬܐ؟
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ܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܡܝ̈ܐ ܝܰܗܒ ܗܘܐ ܡܙܰܘܕ ܚܶܖ̈ܟ݂ܳܐ ܕܐܝܢܛܪܢܛ ܠܡܰܓܲܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܕܰܚܙܳܐ؟
ܐܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܡܝ̈ܐ ܝܰܗܒ ܗܘܐ ܡܙܰܘܕ ܚܶܖ̈ܟ݂ܳܐ ܕܐܝܢܛܪܢܛ ܠܡܰܓܲܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܕܰܚܙܳܐ؟
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ܟܡܐ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܝܰܗܒ ܗܘܐ ܡܙܰܘܕ ܚܶܖ̈ܟ݂ܳܐ ܕܐܝܢܛܪܢܛ ܠܰܡܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܩܰܕܡܳܝܬܳܐ؟
ܟܡܐ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܝܰܗܒ ܗܘܐ ܡܙܰܘܕ ܚܶܖ̈ܟ݂ܳܐ ܕܐܝܢܛܪܢܛ ܠܰܡܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܩܰܕܡܳܝܬܳܐ؟
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ܟܡܐ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܟܽܠ ܙܰܒܽܘܢ ܝܳܗܶܒ ܗܘܐ ܠܰܡܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܬ݁ܶܢܝܳܢܝܳܬܳܐ؟
ܟܡܐ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܟܽܠ ܙܰܒܽܘܢ ܝܳܗܶܒ ܗܘܐ ܠܰܡܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܬ݁ܶܢܝܳܢܝܳܬܳܐ؟
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ܐܝܢܐ ܗܘܳܐ ܫܽܘܒܳܚܳܐ ܕܣܳܒܶܩܳܐ ܕܡܰܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܩܰܕ݂ܡܳܝܬܳܐ؟
ܐܝܢܐ ܗܘܳܐ ܫܽܘܒܳܚܳܐ ܕܣܳܒܶܩܳܐ ܕܡܰܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܩܰܕ݂ܡܳܝܬܳܐ؟
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ܐܝܢܐ ܗܘܳܐ ܫܽܘܒܳܚܳܐ ܕܣܳܒܶܩܳܐ ܕܰܡܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܬ݁ܶܢܝܳܢܝܳܬܳܐ؟
ܐܝܢܐ ܗܘܳܐ ܫܽܘܒܳܚܳܐ ܕܣܳܒܶܩܳܐ ܕܰܡܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܬ݁ܶܢܝܳܢܝܳܬܳܐ؟
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ܐܝܢܐ ܗܘܳܐ ܫܽܘܒܳܚܳܐ ܕܣܳܒܶܩܳܐ ܕܰܡܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܬܠܝܼܬܳܝܬܳܐ؟
ܐܝܢܐ ܗܘܳܐ ܫܽܘܒܳܚܳܐ ܕܣܳܒܶܩܳܐ ܕܰܡܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܬܠܝܼܬܳܝܬܳܐ؟
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ܟܡܐ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܥܰܒ݂ܕ ܗܘܐ ܡܙܰܘܕ ܚܶܖ̈ܟ݂ܳܐ ܕܐܝܢܛܪܢܛ ܠܰܡܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܬܠܝܼܬܳܝܬܳܐ؟
ܟܡܐ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܥܰܒ݂ܕ ܗܘܐ ܡܙܰܘܕ ܚܶܖ̈ܟ݂ܳܐ ܕܐܝܢܛܪܢܛ ܠܰܡܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܬܠܝܼܬܳܝܬܳܐ؟
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ܟܡܐ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܢܰܦܠܰܘ ܡܙܰܘܕ ܚܶܖ̈ܟ݂ܳܐ ܕܐܝܢܛܪܢܛ ܫܰܩܶܠ ܠܶܗ؟
ܟܡܐ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܢܰܦܠܰܘ ܡܙܰܘܕ ܚܶܖ̈ܟ݂ܳܐ ܕܐܝܢܛܪܢܛ ܫܰܩܶܠ ܠܶܗ؟
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ܟܡܐ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܐܰܫܠܶܡ ܗܘܐ ܡܙܰܘܕ ܚܶܖ̈ܟ݂ܳܐ ܕܐܝܢܛܪܢܛ؟
ܟܡܐ ܡ̈ܝܐ ܐܰܫܠܶܡ ܗܘܐ ܡܙܰܘܕ ܚܶܖ̈ܟ݂ܳܐ ܕܐܝܢܛܪܢܛ؟
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ܐܰܝܢܘ ܬܰܘܠܳܐ ܩܰܕܡܳܝܳܐ ܕܰܣܝܼܡ ܒܡܰܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܩܰܕܡܳܝܬܳܐ؟
ܐܰܝܢܘ ܬܰܘܠܳܐ ܩܰܕܡܳܝܳܐ ܕܰܣܝܼܡ ܒܡܰܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܩܰܕܡܳܝܬܳܐ؟
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ܐܰܝܢܘ ܬܰܘܠܳܐ ܩܰܕܡܳܝܐ ܕܰܣܝܼܡ ܒܡܰܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܬ݁ܶܢܝܳܢܝܳܬܳܐ؟
ܐܰܝܢܘ ܬܰܘܠܳܐ ܩܰܕܡܳܝܐ ܕܰܣܝܼܡ ܒܡܰܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܬ݁ܶܢܝܳܢܝܳܬܳܐ؟
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ܐܰܝܢܘ ܬܰܘܠܳܐ ܩܰܕܡܳܝܳܐ ܕܰܣܝܼܡ ܒܡܰܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܬܠܝܼܬܳܝܬܳܐ؟
ܐܰܝܢܘ ܬܰܘܠܳܐ ܩܰܕܡܳܝܳܐ ܕܰܣܝܼܡ ܒܡܰܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܬܠܝܼܬܳܝܬܳܐ؟
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ܟܡܐ ܒܶ̈ܛܳܬܳܐ ܣܢܺܝܩܳܐ ܕܰܢܬ݂ܺܝܒܳܐ ܠܡܰܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܩܰܕܡܳܝܬܳܐ؟
ܟܡܐ ܒܶ̈ܛܳܬܳܐ ܣܢܺܝܩܳܐ ܕܰܢܬ݂ܺܝܒܳܐ ܠܡܰܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܩܰܕܡܳܝܬܳܐ؟
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ܟܡܐ ܒܶ̈ܛܳܬܳܐ ܣܢܺܝܩܳܐ ܕܰܢܬ݂ܺܝܒܳܐ ܠܰܡܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܬ݁ܶܢܝܳܢܝܳܬܐ؟
ܟܡܐ ܒܶ̈ܛܳܬܳܐ ܣܢܺܝܩܳܐ ܕܰܢܬ݂ܺܝܒܳܐ ܠܰܡܓܰܒ݂ܬܳܐ ܬ݁ܶܢܝܳܢܝܳܬܐ؟
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Study Notes
Computer Networks (CN) - Network Layer
- The first address in a block isn't assigned to a device.
- It represents the organization to the outside world.
- Network addresses are used in multiple levels of hierarchy:
IP Address Structure
- A frame in a character-oriented protocol has a network prefix (28 bits) and a host address (4 bits).
- IPv4 addresses have a hierarchical structure with area code, exchange office, and subscriber levels.
Subnetting
- Each address in a block can be viewed as a two-level hierarchical structure.
- The leftmost n bits (prefix) define the network.
- The rightmost 32 - n bits define the host.
Example Subnets (Example 10)
- A company is granted the address block 17.12.14.0/26 (64 addresses).
- It needs to divide it into three subnets with 32, 16, and 16 addresses, respectively.
- Calculating the new masks:
- n1 = 27 (for 32 addresses)
- n2 = 28 (for 16 addresses)
- n3 = 28 (for 16 addresses).
Network Configuration and Addresses
- Figure 7 illustrates subnets with addresses like 17.12.14.31/27 and 17.12.14.1/27.
- Figure 8 shows a three-level hierarchy in an IPv4 address.
Network Address Translation (NAT)
- Figure 10 demonstrates NAT implementation.
- Site uses private addresses (e.g., 172.18.3.1, 172.18.3.2).
- NAT router translates addresses to be accessible to the Internet (e.g., 200.24.5.8)
- Table 4 shows a five-column NAT translation table.
IPv6 Addresses
- IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long, addressing the problem of address exhaustion for IPv4.
- Figure 14 shows their binary and hexadecimal representation.
- Figure 15 illustrates abbreviated IPv6 addresses.
IPv6 Address Allocation
- Figure 16 gives different prefixes based on provider usage.
- Figure 17 shows a hierarchical structure in IPv6 multicast addresses.
- Figure 18 details the reserved addresses in IPv6.
IPv4/IPv6 Conversion and Addresses
- Figure 19 demonstrates the conversion and organization of local addresses in IPv6.
Examples
- Example 11 provides different subnets with the addresses and numbers of possible addresses in a given IPv4 block.
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