ମାଟର ପରିଚୟ

Matter

Definition

• Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
• It is the physical substance that makes up all objects, substances, and particles.

Properties of Matter

• Physical Properties:
  • Extensive properties: depend on the amount of matter (e.g., mass, volume)
  • Intensive properties: do not depend on the amount of matter (e.g., density, color)
• Chemical Properties:
  • Reactivity with other substances
  • Ability to undergo chemical changes

States of Matter

• Solid:
  • Particles are closely packed and have a fixed shape and volume.
  • Examples: rocks, metals, ice
• Liquid:
  • Particles are close together but can move past each other.
  • Examples: water, oil, juice
• Gas:
  • Particles are widely spaced and can move freely.
  • Examples: air, helium, oxygen
• Plasma:
  • High-energy state where atoms are ionized.
  • Examples: stars, lightning, neon signs

Types of Matter

• Elements:
  • Substances consisting of only one type of atom.
  • Examples: hydrogen, oxygen, carbon
• Compounds:
  • Substances consisting of two or more different elements.
  • Examples: water (H2O), salt (NaCl), sugar (C6H12O6)
• Mixtures:
  • Physical combinations of two or more substances.
  • Examples: air, soil, blood

Changes in Matter

• Physical Change:
  • A change in state or form, but not composition.
  • Examples: melting, freezing, boiling
• Chemical Change:
  • A change in composition, resulting in a new substance.
  • Examples: combustion, rusting, photosynthesis