生产运营管理概述

Production Operations Management

• Business Functions: Marketing, production, and finance.
• Production Systems: Transform inputs into outputs, require resources. (e.g., car factory - inputs: engine, labour; output: car)
• Value Creation: Production systems add value through transformation.
• Types of Production Systems (by process):
  • Flow Production: Continuous, fixed process sequence (e.g., tobacco, brewing).
  • Job Shop Production: Discontinuous, independent parts assembly (e.g., electronics).
• Types of Production Systems (by volume):
  • Mass Production: High volume; standardized products (e.g., automobiles).
  • Batch Production: Moderate volume; similar products produced in batches.
  • Project Production: Unique, one-of-a-kind products (eg; construction, ship building).
• Types of Production Systems (by order):
  • Make-to-stock (MTS): Forecast demand, produce inventory.
  • Make-to-order (MTO): Respond to customer orders, no inventory stocked.
  • Assemble-to-order (ATO): Build standard components, customize final product.
  • Engineer-to-order (ETO): Unique design and production based on customer specifications.

Production System Components

• Product development: Critical part; defines business and strategy
• Core production processes: Main tasks.
• Support processes: Auxiliary, critical for operations.
• Control and planning: Management of resources.
• Competitive advantage elements: Factors determining order winning for a business.
• Qualification factors: Factors that determine whether an item can be considered as part of the competition.
• New product concepts: Enhancements or new approaches that make a product stand out.
• Value engineering: Optimize a product's life cycle cost while maintaining necessary functions.