Year 10 Term 4 Disease Revision Sheet PDF

**REVISION SHEET -- YEAR 10 TERM 4 DISEASE** **90 Minute Exam** **10 Short Response Questions (30-50 word response)** **1 Map Skills Question** **1 Extended Response using unseen Stimulus Material (500-600 word response)** ***[Content to Cover]*** ***[Epidemiology ]*** Epidemiology -- Causati...

**REVISION SHEET -- YEAR 10 TERM 4 DISEASE** **90 Minute Exam** **10 Short Response Questions (30-50 word response)** **1 Map Skills Question** **1 Extended Response using unseen Stimulus Material (500-600 word response)** ***[Content to Cover]*** ***[Epidemiology ]*** Epidemiology -- Causation and Distribution Endemic, Epidemic, Pandemic Scope and Impact of Disease Four Factors contributing to the prevalence of disease ***[Types of Disease ]*** Infectious Disease Water-borne Disease Air-borne Disease Deficiency Disease Sexually Transmitted Disease Zoonotic Disease Anthropozoonotic Non-communicable Disease ***[Tropical Disease ]*** Definition of Tropical Disease -- Distribution of Tropical Disease Neglected Tropical Disease Impact of tropical disease Explain why Tropical Diseases are so hard to control Understand the disease - **Malaria** ***[Ensure you review all content pertaining to the following case studies];*** Malaria Leprosy HIV and AIDS Cholera Lifestyle Disease Type 2 Diabetes ***[Ensure you review and understand definitions and concepts below; ]*** Prevalence Disease Burden of Disease Opportunistic Disease Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) ***[Choropleth Map ]*** 4-5 Data sets Colour Shading -- Light to Dark / Small to large BOLTSS Analysis and Pattern Identification ***[Extended Response ]*** Factual, specific not general Data integration from source material **Epidemiology** - **Epidemiology**: The study of how diseases affect populations, including their distribution, causes, and effects. It also involves the identification of risk factors and the development of prevention strategies. **Epidemiology -- Causation and Distribution** - **Causation**: The study of the factors that contribute to the development of diseases, such as genetic, environmental, or lifestyle factors. - **Distribution**: Refers to how diseases spread across populations, including patterns in different geographical areas, age groups, and gender. **Endemic, Epidemic, Pandemic** - **Endemic**: A disease or condition that is regularly found in a particular area or population. - **Epidemic**: A sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in a population. - **Pandemic**: An epidemic that has spread across countries or continents, affecting a large number of people. **Scope and Impact of Disease** - **Scope of Disease**: Refers to the extent or reach of a disease, including how widespread it is and which populations are most affected. - **Impact of Disease**: The effect that a disease has on individuals, societies, economies, and healthcare systems. This includes health, social, and financial consequences. **Four Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Disease** 1. **Biological Factors**: Genetics, immunity, and the biological characteristics of the population. 2. **Environmental Factors**: Climate, sanitation, and the availability of resources. 3. **Social Factors**: Socioeconomic status, education, and lifestyle choices. 4. **Healthcare Access**: Availability and quality of medical care, health services, and public health initiatives. **Types of Disease** - **Infectious Disease**: Diseases caused by pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc.) that can spread from person to person. - **Water-borne Disease**: Diseases transmitted through contaminated water, such as cholera. - **Air-borne Disease**: Diseases spread through the air, often via droplets expelled from infected individuals, such as tuberculosis. - **Deficiency Disease**: Diseases caused by a lack of essential nutrients, such as scurvy (lack of vitamin C). - **Sexually Transmitted Disease**: Diseases transmitted through sexual contact, including HIV/AIDS and gonorrhea. - **Zoonotic Disease**: Diseases transmitted from animals to humans, such as rabies. - **Anthropozoonotic**: Diseases that are transmitted from humans to animals and back to humans, like tuberculosis. - **Non-communicable Disease**: Diseases that are not infectious and cannot be spread from person to person, such as heart disease and diabetes. **Tropical Disease** - **Definition of Tropical Disease**: Diseases that are commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions, often due to climatic and environmental factors. - **Distribution of Tropical Disease**: Refers to the geographical areas where tropical diseases are most common, usually in regions with warm temperatures and high humidity. - **Neglected Tropical Disease**: Diseases that primarily affect poor populations in tropical regions and have been largely ignored in global health priorities. - **Impact of Tropical Disease**: The consequences of tropical diseases on health, economies, and societies, particularly in regions with limited healthcare infrastructure. - **Explain Why Tropical Diseases Are Hard to Control**: Difficulties include limited access to healthcare, lack of effective treatments, poverty, poor sanitation, and environmental factors that favor disease transmission. - **Understand the Disease - Malaria**: Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by a parasite transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes. It is most prevalent in tropical regions. **Case Studies to Review** - **Malaria**: A disease caused by a parasite transmitted by mosquitoes, primarily affecting tropical regions. - **Leprosy**: A chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, affecting the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes. - **HIV and AIDS**: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) attacks the immune system, leading to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), which weakens the body's ability to fight infections. - **Cholera**: A waterborne bacterial disease that causes severe diarrhea and dehydration, often associated with poor sanitation. - **Lifestyle Disease**: Diseases primarily caused by unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as smoking, poor diet, and lack of exercise. Examples include obesity and heart disease. - **Type 2 Diabetes**: A chronic condition affecting the way the body processes blood sugar, often linked to obesity, poor diet, and lack of physical activity. **Key Definitions and Concepts** - **Prevalence**: The proportion of a population affected by a disease at a given time. - **Disease**: A condition that impairs normal functioning in the body, often caused by infections, genetics, or environmental factors. - **Burden of Disease**: The impact of a disease on a population, measured in terms of mortality, morbidity, and the economic and social consequences. - **Opportunistic Disease**: Infections that take advantage of a weakened immune system, such as those that occur in people with HIV/AIDS. - **Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)**: A treatment for HIV/AIDS that uses a combination of medications to suppress the virus and prevent the progression to AIDS. **Choropleth Map** - **Choropleth Map**: A type of map that uses color or shading to represent data values in different geographic areas. - **4-5 Data Sets**: The inclusion of multiple layers of data on a map to show different factors or variables, such as disease prevalence, population density, and healthcare access. - **Colour Shading -- Light to Dark / Small to Large**: A method of using color gradients on a map to represent values, where light colors may indicate low values and dark colors high values, or vice versa. - **BOLTSS**: An acronym for the key components of a map: Border, Orientation, Legend, Title, Scale, and Source. - **Analysis and Pattern Identification**: The process of interpreting the map data to identify trends, correlations, and patterns, such as regions with high disease prevalence. **Extended Response** - **Factual, Specific, Not General**: The response should be based on evidence and specific details, avoiding vague or generalized statements. - **Data Integration from Source Material**: The use of data from provided materials or case studies to support arguments and conclusions in the extended response.