WWI Notes PDF

Unit VI: 1914 to Present Germany attacks France, by way of Belgium Descent Into the Abyss Engages Britain Germany attacks Russia World War I...

Unit VI: 1914 to Present Germany attacks France, by way of Belgium Descent Into the Abyss Engages Britain Germany attacks Russia World War I Russia attacks Austria The Road to Allies and colonies all at war! World War I Technology Wins! Militarism: glorification of war and the military New weapons  Increased size of armies Machine guns  Increased influence of military leaders Barbed wire  Conscription accepted practice Poison gas  Alliances: nations formed alliances Trench warfare with one another, signing formal Airplanes alliances and informal agreements Submarines  Triple Entente: Russia, France, and Great Early stalemate Britain What is Total War?  Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Homefront and Italy Political leadership  Brinkmanship Industry Women Imperialism: stronger countries taking control Colonies of weaker countries Raw materials  Economic Manpower  Political U.S. Entry into War: A Shot in the Arm!  Social 1915: Lusitania  Tension American supplies to allies  Nationalism: growing pride in their German submarine use own country April 1917: Declaration of War  Competition v Cooperation American economy booms!  Intensified rivalries among nations Treaty of Versailles  Imperialist expansion Germany guilty of starting war  Intensified trade Reparations  Raw materials Reduce army  New markets  Labor Eliminate air force  Colonial holdings Return Alsace-Lorraine There are 4 main reasons for WW I Rhineland a DMZ M ilitarism Germany VERY unhappy Vows to resist A lliances No League of Nations I mperialism N ationalism Growing Militarism Creates Tension Aggressive nature of Germany Franco-Prussian War: France lost Alsace-Lorraine Balkan unrest Austria annexes Bosnia Ended Serbian desire for united Balkan state Schlieffen Plan Germany would fight war on 2 fronts Archduke Francis Ferdinand Visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia Gavrillo Princip: Serbian nationalist killed the Archduke and his wife Austria declares war on Serbia Russia (Serbia’s ally) declares war on Austria  And the “Great War” is about to begin!   The World Between Wars: Revolution, Depression and ◦ WWI European economy Authoritarian Response ◦ Farmers overproduce and prices fall  The 1920’s were in a large part shaped by WWI and ◦ Lending nations demanded repayment movements in place before the war. ◦ High tariffs 1. Western Europe only partially recovers ◦ Employment declining 2. U.S. and Japan become industrial giants.  Worldwide Depression 3. Revolutions shake Mexico, Russia and China  NYSE collapses October 1929  The Twenties  Employment and production fall worldwide  Optimism, cultural creativity  Western governments take more control of their economies  Women  Stalin creates brutal industrial society ◦ Lose place in workforce  Japan’s decline leads to political crisis ◦ Gain voting rights  Response to Depression  Canada, Australia, New Zealand become more  West-ineffective or overturned parliamentary systems autonomous  New Deal-aid to Americans, economic planning, growth of ◦ Strong economies, rapid immigration government and increased confidence  New Authoritarianism  Europe-rise of fascism  The Rise of Fascism  Authoritarian regimes in L. America and Japan  Benito Mussolini- Italy  Totalitarian regime in Soviet Union ◦ Eliminates opponents  Nazism ◦ Government directed programs  Treaty of Versailles ◦ Suspends elections, 1926  Hitler exploits situation calling for need to unite  New Central European Nations  Took power in 1933  Authoritarian governments dominate  Totalitarian state  Representative governments  Gestapo ◦ e.g. Germany, Canada, Japan  Nationalism, propaganda and Jewish attacks Social change, economic prosperity  Treaty violations met with weak response  Democracy challenged  Fascism Spreads ◦ Italy, central Europe  Hungary  American, Japanese powerful  Romania  Revolutions: First Waves  Italy  Mexico-land reform, education and nationalism  Spanish civil war  Zapata, Villa, Huerta eventually yield to Obregon  Latin America  Post-Revolution led by pro-Marxist PRI under Rivera  Mexico-land redistribution, oil nationalized ◦ “Indianize”  Brazil-Vargas; corporatist regime modeled after Italy ◦ Gov’t control of oil industry  Argentina-Peron; militarist, nationalist ◦ Russia  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Spy3Nd2D6w  Tsar abdicates 1917  Japan  Kerensky leads failed provisional government  Military authoritarian rule based on expansion  Lenin (Bolshevik) ends involvement in WWI  By 1938 controlled Manchuria, Korea, Taiwan and parts of  Trotsky leads red army in civil war China  Union of Soviet Socialist Republic-1923  Heavily industrialized ◦ authoritarian  Stalinism  Soviet Union  Totalitarian state by late 1920’s  Communist Party  Communist and independent-avoided Great Depression ◦ Organize workers, students, women  Repressive police state (similar to Nazism) ◦ Encourage education  “collectives” replaced private ownership  Lenin dies 1924  Economy enforced by starvation and murder of millions  Stalin wins control  Highly industrialized ◦ “socialism in one country”  Wasteful of resources ◦ Kills or exiles rivals  Soviet Rule  China  Cities grow  Fall of Qing in 1912  Welfare services increased  Led by Sun Yat-sen’s Revolutionary Alliance  Heroic image of workers  Weak  Artists, writers and intellectuals exiled to labor camps th  Opponents executed  May 4 Movement to Westernize  Non-aggression pact with Germany  Warlords hold power  Attacks eastern Poland and Finland  Japanese involvement th  Seizure of Power  20 Century Revolutions: Causes  Sun Yat-sen dies 1925  Similar to earlier revolutions, causes included rural discontent,  Chiang Kai-shek takes over (anti-Communist Guomindang) population pressure and high taxes. New causes include the  West approves disruptions of the Industrial Revolution and a Western-  Mao Zedong-revolutionary Marxist, courted peasant support centered global market system. Discontented WWI soldiers  Long march-1934, 90,000 travel 1,000’s miles to remote area were a ready source of militant action. Opposition to Western  Goal to prevent Japanese takeover influence and the Communist theories of Marx, Lenin and Mao  Great Depression were factors not existing in prior revolutions.  Global  Causes: