Wordly Wise Lessons-1 Grade 9 PDF

Lesson 1 Word List Study the definitions of the words. Then do the exercises that follow. bewail v. To express deep regret or sorrow over. bē wāl’ Many football fans bewailed the replacement of real grass by AstroTurf when the new...

Lesson 1 Word List Study the definitions of the words. Then do the exercises that follow. bewail v. To express deep regret or sorrow over. bē wāl’ Many football fans bewailed the replacement of real grass by AstroTurf when the new stadium was built. destitute adj. 1. Without resources or possessions, especially the necessities of life. des’ tә to ˉot Winter is especially painful for destitute people in the cities of the Northeast. 2. Lacking; devoid of. Staring at the blank sheet of paper on which I was supposed to write a poem, I found myself destitute of ideas. destitution n. Destitution caused by the mid-nineteenth-century potato famine forced many Irish families to seek better lives in the United States. Discuss with your partner what our country could do to help families facing destitution. detract v. To take away, especially from the value, beauty, or importance of. dē trakt’ The family’s loud music detracts from the peace and quiet of the beach. detractor n. The plan’s detractors were especially critical of the expected cost of the new town hall. Talk to your partner about something that might detract from a person’s reputation. emancipate v. To set free from slavery; to liberate. ē man’ sә pāt Some teenagers feel emancipated when they get a driver’s license. emancipation n. In 1863, Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation stated that all enslaved people in the Confederacy were, from then on, free. extol v. To praise highly. ek stōl’ The scout leader extolled the virtues of truth and honor. Explain to your partner which qualities you extol in a good friend. flamboyant adj. Excessively showy; unrestrained. flam boi’ әnt My conservative aunt considered her husband’s brightly colored, boldly patterned necktie too flamboyant for the governor’s reception. flamboyance or flamboyancy n. With an air of flamboyance, the actor flung out her arm and pointed to the door. © SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book 9 1  impetus n. 1. A driving force; anything that causes an action. im’ pә tәs Her hope of winning an athletic scholarship provided the impetus for years of grueling training on the swim team. 2. Increased activity resulting from a driving force. Kala’s low grades gave impetus to her increased focus on studying. Tell your partner one impetus for eating healthily. insuperable adj. Incapable of being overcome or defeated. in so ˉo’ pәr ә bәl During my senior year, passing Physics seemed an insuperable obstacle to graduation. intermittent adj. Not continuous; happening at intervals. in tәr mit’ nt Showers were intermittent throughout the day, although the forecast had promised sunshine. maxim n. A general truth or rule of conduct; a short saying. maks’ im Remember the maxim “Actions speak louder than words” when you promise not to be late all the time. obligatory adj. Required or demanded. ә blig’ ә tôr ē Physical education is obligatory unless you have a medical excuse for skipping gym class. Chat with your partner about whether learning a second language should be obligatory for all students. plumb v. 1. To measure the depth of water. plum The lake was too deep for us to plumb. 2. To reach the deepest part of. The bathyscaphe is a vessel designed to plumb the oceans of the world. 3. To understand by examining closely; to solve. Her latest book of poems is a valiant attempt to plumb the human soul. adj. Straight up and down; vertical. The bricklayer keeps checking to make sure that the wall being built is plumb. With your partner, plumb the depths of your imagination to come up with a creative idea for a superpower. vagabond n. A person who wanders from place to place. vag’ ә bänd He spent a few years as a vagabond before settling in a city and getting a job in a factory. adj. The vagabond life of traveling musicians suited the members of the band. visage n. A face, especially one that expresses feelings. viz’ ij The smiling visage of a young girl looked out from the portrait. Stare at your partner with a frightening visage. 2 Lesson 1  wheedle v. 1. To coax by using sly persuasion or insincere praise. hwēd’ әl He tried to wheedle his father into letting him go to a movie on a school night. 2. To gain by using sly persuasion or insincere praise. Merritt wheedled information about the test from her friend who had taken it earlier in the day. 1A Understanding Meanings Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write C on the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write a new sentence using the word correctly. 1. To emancipate someone is to release that person. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2. An obligatory assignment is one that causes great hardship. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 3. An impetus sets something into action. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4. To plumb a mystery is to understand it by thinking about it carefully. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 5. A vagabond is a person who lacks the necessities of life. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 6. To wheedle something from someone is to obtain it by cajoling that person into giving it. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 7. To extol someone is to show very high regard for that person. ___________________________________________________________________ © SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE ___________________________________________________________________ 8. An intermittent noise is one that keeps stopping and starting. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Wordly Wise 3000 Book 9 3  9. A person’s visage is that person’s feelings about herself. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 10. Destitution is the state of having all that one could ask for. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 11. To bewail something is to complain about it. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 12. A detractor is someone to whom another person is attracted. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 13. If something is insuperable, its parts cannot be separated from the whole. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 14. A maxim is the larger of two amounts. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 15. Flamboyance is lack of restraint in one’s dress or behavior. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ bewail destitute detract emancipate extol flamboyant impetus insuperable intermittent maxim obligatory plumb vagabond visage wheedle 4 Lesson 1 1B Using Words If the word (or a form of the word) in bold fits in a sentence in the group following it, write the word in the blank space. If the word does not fit, leave the space empty. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. vagabond (a) As actors in a traveling company, we led a life. (b) A true becomes restless after two weeks in one place. (c) I cashed in my when I ran short of money. 2. bewail (a) When he cannot see Juliet, Romeo his fate. (b) We must them to try harder next time. (c) Did you them of the news that we close permanently tomorrow? 3. intermittent (a) The traffic noises from the city streets below disturbed my sleep. (b) The comet has made appearances in the sky. (c) What is the cause of these oil leaks from the engine? 4. extol (a) She loves to the virtues of small-town America. (b) The man attempted to cash from the bank before his trip. (c) I will continue to her to practice the piano. 5. plumb (a) Even Sherlock Holmes could not this mystery. (b) When we built the house, we hired an electrician to the house. (c) If the walls are not , the doors will not hang properly. 6. destitute (a) We had to admit that we were of fresh ideas. (b) The mayor’s council is making plans to help the city’s people. (c) The house is completely and needs to be torn down. © SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE 7. obligatory (a) It is not to have someone accompany you to the doctor’s appointment. (b) It is to carry your driver’s license when driving. (c) Stopping at a red light is in all fifty states. Wordly Wise 3000 Book 9 5  8. emancipate (a) The recipe instructed cooks to the cream before adding it to the melted chocolate. (b) I managed to a hundred dollars from my uncle. (c) The candidate was unable to more than fifty votes. 1C Word Study: Synonyms and Antonyms Each group of words contains two words that are either synonyms or antonyms. Circle them. Then circle S if they are synonyms or A if they are antonyms. 1. bewail admit pretend celebrate S A 2. precise secret wealthy destitute S A 3. estimate detract obtain enhance S A 4. enslave provide assist emancipate S A 5. extol wheedle praise pause S A 6. towering active shy flamboyant S A 7. coax reward wheedle recover S A bewail destitute 8. impetus face visage payment S A detract emancipate 9. heavy deep plumb vertical S A extol flamboyant 10. smart strict voluntary obligatory S A impetus insuperable intermittent maxim obligatory plumb vagabond visage wheedle 6 Lesson 1 1D Images of Words Circle the letter next to the sentence that suggests the bold vocabulary word. There may be more than one correct answer or no correct answer. 1. wheedle (a) Fido stands by the door when he wants to be taken for a walk. (b) If you don’t help me, I’ll tell Mom who broke the window. (c) C’mon. You’re my favorite aunt; please lend me the money! 2. destitution (a) Because of the financial catastrophe, the family had to rely temporarily on welfare benefits from the government. (b) The pain is in my lower back, Doctor. (c) I can’t believe you spent fifty dollars on comic books! 3. impetus (a) On the spur of the moment, I decided to join my sister in Maine. (b) I began to take music lessons after inheriting my grandfather’s violin. (c) I worked all night in order to meet the nine o’clock deadline. 4. extol (a) Ah! There’s nothing like fall in New England! (b) Maintaining a good diet and getting more exercise has made me feel really good. (c) The Rangers are formidable rivals this season. 5. detract (a) My father said I’d be doing myself a favor if I cut my hair. (b) He looked very well groomed except for his muddy shoes. (c) I apologized for expressing my impatience with her slowness. 6. insuperable (a) There is no finer rose anywhere than the wild prairie rose. (b) No one has yet succeeded in rowing alone across the Pacific. (c) With five minutes to go, we were losing the basketball game by fifty points. 7. visage (a) My shoe size is 7.5 narrow. (b) I could tell at once that my answer had made her happy. (c) From this spot, you can see for miles in all directions. 8. obligatory (a) If you want to be on the committee, be at the next meeting. © SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE (b) Guests at White House state dinners must wear formal attire. (c) He finally had to admit that we were hopelessly lost. Wordly Wise 3000 Book 9 7  9. bewail (a) Democracy doesn’t work well with such a poor voter turnout. (b) From our cabin, we could hear the eerie howling of the wolves. (c) We’d all be better off if television had never been invented. 10. maxim (a) Neither a borrower nor a lender be. (b) Can you lend me five dollars until Friday? (c) The money is in his pocket. 1E Vocabulary in Context Read the passage. Faces in the Mountain Visitors to South Dakota find that a trip to Mount Rushmore is almost obligatory, for there they can see one of America’s most awe-inspiring monuments. Carved into a granite mountainside, the colossal heads of four United States presidents are visible for a distance of sixty miles. Side by side, the visages of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt range from fifty to seventy feet in height. They are the work of the remarkable American sculptor and dramatic personality Gutzon Borglum. Born in Idaho in 1867, Borglum led an artist’s vagabond life in America and Europe for twenty years before settling in New York City in 1901. There, he soon achieved an international reputation as a sculptor. The idea that “Small is beautiful” would not have applied to Borglum; his view was that “Bigger is better.” bewail The impetus for the Mount Rushmore project came in 1926 when the state destitute historian of South Dakota, knowing Borglum’s views, invited him to create a detract monumental work of art for the Black Hills mountain region. Borglum accepted emancipate the challenge immediately, but the project he proposed did not meet with universal extol approval. Many felt that the carvings would detract from the area’s natural beauty. flamboyant Cora Johnson, a South Dakota journalist, expressed such feelings when she wrote: impetus “Man makes statues, but God made the mountains. Leave them alone.” Borglum, insuperable however, was not one to heed this advice. intermittent The question of which national figures to honor caused much debate. Sioux maxim Chief Red Cloud, who had fought against white encroachment on Native American obligatory lands, was one of the names proposed. Another was Susan B. Anthony, who had plumb bewailed nineteenth-century women’s lack of the right to vote in political elections, vagabond and led the struggle to emancipate them from this deprivation. The final decision, visage however, was left to Borglum. Washington, Jefferson, and Lincoln were obvious wheedle choices, but Borglum had a personal reason for his fourth selection, a man of 8 Lesson 1 enormous energy who extolled physical fitness and vigorous activity. In his own life, Borglum strove to emulate his hero, so Theodore Roosevelt became the fourth figure honored at Mount Rushmore. Money to pay for the project was a problem from the beginning, and work proceeded intermittently, especially after 1930, when the country was in the grip of the Great Depression. During those years, Borglum made frequent visits to the nation’s capital seeking financial assistance. Loath to stoop to wheedling, the sculptor managed to convince a reluctant Congress to provide funding to go on with the project. Nor was lack of funds the only problem Borglum had to grapple with. Because of the hard granite rock, the difficulties of carving out the faces had at first seemed insuperable, but Borglum solved the problem by exploding small charges of dynamite to remove pieces of rock. Under his supervision, workers in harnesses suspended from the mountaintop drilled, chipped, and chiseled away at the rock. So skillful was Borglum that his eye for precise measurement enabled him to tell if a line was plumb to a quarter of an inch. During his lifetime, Borglum had earned enormous sums from the sale of his works. However, he did not embrace Benjamin Franklin’s maxim “A penny saved is a penny earned.” Instead, he lived a flamboyant lifestyle. His daughter, Mary Ellis, recalls: “He loved flashy cars and hired chauffeurs to drive them.” So careless was he about money that he died destitute on March 6, 1941, before he’d finished Mount Rushmore. It was left to his son Lincoln, who had assisted him throughout, to complete the project eight months later. Answer each question with a sentence. If a question does not contain a word from the lesson, use one in your answer. Use each word only once. 1. Why might the original detractors of the Mount Rushmore project have a different view of it today? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2. Why would it be incorrect to refer to the Mount Rushmore sculptures as statues? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 3. Why might a biographer of Borglum have difficulty describing what his subject was doing before 1901? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ © SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE 4. List two maxims that Borglum did not believe in. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Wordly Wise 3000 Book 9 9  5. Why was Susan B. Anthony considered a candidate for one of the places of honor on Mount Rushmore? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 6. Why might Borglum’s children have bewailed his flamboyant lifestyle? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 7. What was the impetus for Borglum’s trips to Washington, D.C., in the 1930s? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 8. What were two almost insuperable problems that Borglum faced with this project? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 9. What skill did Borglum possess that would be especially useful when working on a large monument such as Mount Rushmore? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 10. How do you know that the state historian of South Dakota did not have to wheedle to get Borglum to take on the Mount Rushmore project? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 11. Why might Borglum’s son have felt it was obligatory to complete the monument? ___________________________________________________________________ bewail ___________________________________________________________________ destitute detract emancipate extol Fun & Fascinating FACTS flamboyant impetus A flamboyant person is someone is plumber, a person who installs and repairs kitchen and bathroom pipes insuperable who attracts attention by behaving in a showy way. The word flamboy- (which were once made of lead). The intermittent other is plummet, a verb meaning, “to ant reflects this. It comes from the maxim fall straight down; to plunge.” That French verb flamboyer, which means obligatory “to blaze.” meaning comes from the fact that a plumb string with a lead weight attached to vagabond The word plumb comes from the Latin it is called a plumb line. It is lowered into the water and plunges, or plum- visage root plumbum, meaning “lead.” Some other words come from that root. One mets, to the bottom, giving a measure wheedle of depth. 10 Lesson 1  1 Vocabulary Extension word visage noundef pos A face, especially one expressing feelings. sentence Word Parts XX Latin root videre (vid/vis) means “face,” “to see,” or “to look at.” The Vision xx is another word that has this root. What other words do you know that have the root vis? 2nd head xx Discussion & Writing Prompt Describe two situations in which a person’s visage may not accurately reflect their emotions. 2 min. 3 min. 1. Turn and talk to your partner or group. 2. Write 3–5 sentences. Discussion & Writing Prompt Use this space to take notes or draw your ideas. Text Be ready to share what you have written. 2 min. 3 min. 1. Turn and talk to your partner or group. 2. Write 3–5 sentences. Use this space to take notes or draw your ideas. Be ready to share what you have written. Wordly Wise 3000 Book 9 11  Lesson 10 Word List Study the definitions of the words. Then do the exercises that follow. amputate v. To cut off a body part, especially by surgery. am´ pyo ˉo tāt´ The doctor had to amputate the mountain climber’s frostbitten toes. aptitude n. A natural talent. ap´ ti to ˉod´ My sister Yolanda has an aptitude for math that has always made me envious. beneficiary n. One who benefits or gains an advantage from something. ben´ ә fish´ ē er´ ē Impoverished families will be the beneficiaries of these low-rent apartments. Discuss with your partner who the beneficiary is in the relationship between a person and a pet. boon n. A welcome gift or blessing. bo ˉon After a long dry spell, the rain was a boon to the farmers. commiserate v. To feel or express sorrow or compassion for; to sympathize. kә miz´ әr āt If I’m upset about something, it helps me feel better if someone commiserates with me. Tell your partner how you might commiserate with an unhappy friend or family member. garner v. To collect or gather; to acquire or obtain. gär´ nәr The school-committee candidate garnered support by going from door to door throughout the district to meet people. gratis adj. Without payment; free of charge. grat´ әs Admission to the museum is gratis on Mondays. adv. The food packages students put together before Thanksgiving were offered gratis to destitute families in the community. Talk to your partner about an event or item you wish were gratis. incapacitate v. To make helpless or incapable. in´ kә pas´ ә tāt´ Keiko was incapacitated for six weeks while her leg was in a cast. incapacity n. Because of the incapacity that resulted from her car accident, Melda missed eleven days of work. Tell your partner about a time you were incapacitated by an accident or an illness. inception n. The beginning of an action or process. in sep´ shәn I continue to extol the math club because it has been a success from the day of its inception. 110 Lesson 10 magnanimous adj. Generous, unselfish, or forgiving. mag nan´ ә mәs Nelson Mandela was too magnanimous to seek revenge on his persecutors. magnanimity n. Quality of being above meanness or spite; generosity of spirit enabling one to bear trouble calmly. Although he was found to have been jailed unjustly, he displayed great magnanimity on his release. myriad n. A very large number. mir´ ē әd A myriad of mosquitoes swarmed around us as we traversed the swampy area. adj. Very many. Myriad beautiful tropical fish swam in the warm waters of the gulf. practicable adj. 1. Capable of being done; feasible. prak´ ti kә bәl Making a community garden in that vacant lot is a practicable plan, but you’ll have to get permission from the city first. 2. Usable. Motor boats are not practicable in the waters of the Florida Everglades. Chat with your partner about whether it is practicable to schedule classes so that all students have Fridays off. remunerate v. To pay or reward. rē myo ˉo´ nә r āt´ Were you remunerated for the work you did for the school’s used-book sale, or was it voluntary? remuneration n. Acting as a public defender for clients who cannot afford a lawyer does not offer great financial remuneration. Tell your partner about a chore or task you performed for no remuneration. solicit v. To ask for in a formal way. sә lis´ it Ms. Vargas came to our apartment to solicit contributions to her husband’s campaign. solicitation n. Although I considered their cause a good one, I could not afford to respond to their repeated solicitations for money. Pretend you are soliciting your partner for the use of his or her pencil. trite adj. Used so much that it is no longer fresh or new. trīt “Fresh as a daisy” is a trite expression, but I sometimes find myself using it anyway. © SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE Wordly Wise 3000 Book 9 111  10A Determining Precise Meaning Choose the most accurate paraphrase for each sentence. 1. We all felt that Andrew had behaved with magnanimity. (a) We all felt that Andrew had behaved with generosity of spirit. (b) We all felt that Andrew had behaved in a mean and spiteful way. 2. The document names my mother as the beneficiary. (a) The document names my mother as the heir. (b) The document names my mother as the donor. 3. A majority felt that the project would be a boon for the town. (a) A majority felt that the project would be a disaster for the town. (b) A majority felt that the project would be a benefit for the town. 4. There was a myriad of daisies in the meadow. (a) There were a great number of daisies in the meadow. (b) There were hardly any daisies in the meadow. 5. Anika’s aptitude for making up stories was well known. (a) Anika’s reason for making up stories was well known. (b) Anika’s natural gift for making up stories was well known. 6. Entry to the zoo is gratis for children under age three. (a) Entry to the zoo is restricted for children under age three. (b) Entry to the zoo is free for children under age three. 7. I make an effort to avoid trite expressions. (a) I make an effort to avoid overused expressions. (b) I make an effort to avoid bigoted expressions. amputate aptitude 8. The volunteers were remunerated for their efforts. beneficiary (a) The volunteers were thanked for their efforts. boon (b) The volunteers were paid for their efforts. commiserate 9. Julio missed a week of school when he was incapacitated. garner (a) Julio missed a week of school when he was unwell. gratis (b) Julio missed a week of school when he was on vacation. incapacitate inception 10. Janeka is good at commiserating with people. magnanimous (a) Janeka is good at having a good time with people. myriad (b) Janeka is good at sympathizing with people. practicable 11. We helped solicit votes for Mayor Eduardo. remunerate (a) We helped count votes for Mayor Eduardo. solicit (b) We helped encourage votes for Mayor Eduardo. trite 112 Lesson 10  12. The project was deemed practicable by the committee. (a) The project was deemed too expensive by the committee. (b) The project was deemed feasible by the committee. 13. The moment the sun set marked the inception of the fireworks. (a) The moment the sun set marked the beginning of the fireworks. (b) The moment the sun set marked the end of the fireworks. 14. Squirrels garner nuts. (a) Squirrels collect nuts. (b) Squirrels eat nuts. 15. The doctor hopes she will not have to amputate the finger. (a) The doctor hopes she will not have to locate the finger. (b) The doctor hopes she will not have to cut off the finger. 10B Understanding Word Relationships Circle the letter next to each correct answer. There may be more than one correct answer. 1. Which word or words are related to ask? (a) garner (b) beseech (c) entreat (d) solicit 2. Which word or words are related to money? (a) beneficiary (b) benign (c) bequeath (d) remunerate 3. Which word or words are related to cut off? (a) depreciate (b) amputate (c) commiserate (d) sever 4. Which word or words are related to generous? © SSI DO NOT DUPLICATE (a) lavish (b) magnanimous (c) trite (d) philanthropic Wordly Wise 3000 Book 9 113  5. Which word or words are related to obtain? (a) repose (b) garner (c) bustle (d) acquire 6. Which word or words are related to lacking originality? (a) threadbare (b) impervious (c) practicable (d) trite 7. Which word or words are related to beginning? (a) manipulation (b) myriad (c) onset (d) inception 8. Which word or words are related to sympathize? (a) aptitude (b) garner (c) commiserate (d) salvage 9. Which word or words are related to skill? (a) aptitude (b) boon (c) ingenuity (d) competence amputate 10. Which word or words are related to doable? aptitude (a) magnanimous beneficiary (b) practicable boon (c) feasible commiserate (d) nondescript garner gratis incapacitate inception magnanimous myriad practicable remunerate solicit trite 114 Lesson 10