Week 12 Wireless & Mobile Computing PDF

ADM 2372 Management Information Systems Mayur Joshi, PhD Assistant Professor of Information Systems [email protected] © Copyright. Mayur Joshi. 2024. and © 2024 John Wiley &...

ADM 2372 Management Information Systems Mayur Joshi, PhD Assistant Professor of Information Systems [email protected] © Copyright. Mayur Joshi. 2024. and © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. or the authors All Rights Reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or b y any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission from the professor. Shar ing course materials without permission or uploading course materials to a content sharing website may be treated as an instance of acad emic fraud as well as copyright infringement. 1  Week 12 Wireless, Mobile Computing & Mobile Commerce (Chapter 8) 2 Agenda 1. Wireless Technologies 2. Wireless Computer Networks and Internet Access 3. Mobile Computing and Mobile Commerce 4. The Internet of Things (IoT) 3 8.1 Wireless Technologies Wireless Devices o Smartphones Wireless Transmission Media o Microwave o Satellite o Radio 4 Wireless Devices Three major advantages for users: o Small enough to easily carry or wear o Sufficient computing power to perform productive tasks o Communicate wirelessly with the Internet and other devices One major disadvantage for businesses: o Workers can capture and transmit sensitive proprietary information 5 Modern Smartphone Capabilities Cellular telephony E-mail Bluetooth Biometric applications Wi-Fi Cloud storage Digital camera for images and Short message service (SMS, video sending and receiving short text Mobile (digital) wallets messages up to 160 characters in length) Wireless charging/fast charging Instant messaging Global positioning system (GPS) Text messaging Organizer MP3 music player Scheduler Video player Address book Internet access with full-function Calculator browser QWERTY keyboard 6 Modern Smartphone Capabilities 7 Wireless Transmission Media Wireless media (aka broadcast media) o Transmit signals without wires Major types of wireless media channels: o Microwave: using electromagnetic waves o Satellite: requires communication satellites They can be GEO (geostationary), MEO (medium- earth- orbit), or LEO (low-earth-orbit) Satellites facilitate GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Internet over Satellite, which in some places is the only way to access the Internet o Radio: uses radio waves 8 Wireless Transmission Media Advantages and Disadvantages Channel Advantages Disadvantages Microwave High bandwidth Must have unobstructed line of sight Relatively inexpensive Susceptible to environmental interference Satellite High bandwidth Expensive Large coverage area Must have unobstructed line of sight Signals experience propagation delay Must use encryption for security Radio High bandwidth Creates electrical interference problems Signals pass through walls Susceptible to snooping unless Inexpensive and easy to encrypted install 9 Wireless Transmission Media Types of Satellites o Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) o Middle Earth Orbit (MEO) o Low Earth Orbit (LEO) 10  Wireless Transmission Media Types of Satellites Type Characteristics Orbit #s Use GEO Satellites stationary relative to point on Earth 22,300 8 TV signal Few satellites needed for global coverage miles Transmission delay (approximately 0.25 second) Most expensive to build and launch Longest orbital life (many years) MEO Satellites move relative to point on Earth 6,434 10 to GPS Moderate number needed for global coverage miles 12 Requires medium-powered transmitters Negligible transmission delay Less expensive to build and launch Moderate orbital life (6 to 12 years) LEO Satellites move rapidly relative to point on Earth 400 to Many Telephone Large number needed for global coverage 700 Requires only low-power transmitters miles Negligible transmission delay Least expensive to build and launch Shortest orbital life (as low as 5 years) 11 GEO and MEO Satellites https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OuW1TBhmYRs&t=2s 12 LEO Satellites https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2WrY1GdQ74 13 Wireless Transmission Media Global Positioning Systems (GPS) A wireless system that utilizes satellites to enable users to determine their position anywhere on Earth Supported by 24 MEO satellites shared worldwide Four international GPS systems o United States’s GPS, Russia’s GLONASS, China’s BeiDou, and the European Union’s, Galileo Two regional GPS systems o India’s NAVIC (7 satellites) and Japan’s QZSS (4 satellites) 14 Wireless Transmission Media Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Uses of GPS: Navigating, mapping, surveying, 911 location o The exact position of each satellite is known because the satellite continuously broadcasts its position along with a time signal o Three satellites (for two-dimensional location) or four satellites (for three-dimensional location) can find the location of any receiving station or user within a range of three metres o GPS software can convert the user’s latitude and longitude to an electronic map 15  Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Wireless Transmission Media https://media.defense.gov/2016/May/11/2001536912/- 1/-1/0/160511-F-AA111-001.JPG 16 Wireless Transmission Media Global Positioning Systems (GPS) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FU_pY2sTwTA 17 Radio Advantages Disadvantages High bandwidth Creates electrical Signals pass through interference problems walls Susceptible to snooping unless Inexpensive and easy to encrypted install 18 Wireless Computer Networks Short-Range Wireless Networks Medium-Range Wireless Networks Wide-Area Wireless Networks 19 Wireless Computer Networks Short-range Wireless Networks: Bluetooth Bluetooth (www.bluetooth.com) is an industry specification used to create small personal area networks Bluetooth 1.0 can link up to eight devices within a 10- metre area with a bandwidth of 700 Kbps (kilobits per second) using low-power, radio-based communication Bluetooth 4.0 can transmit up to 25 Mbps (megabits per second) and at greater power, up to 100 metres. 20 Wireless Computer Networks Short-range Wireless Networks: Bluetooth https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxP0Mdoz_Bo&t=1s 21 Wireless Computer Networks Short-range Wireless Networks: Ultra-wideband o Ultra-wideband (UWB) is a high-bandwidth wireless technology with transmission speeds in excess of 100 Mbps Example: streaming multimedia from, say, a personal computer to a television o Ultra-wideband technology enables firefighters to detect people behind walls, or in smoke-filled environments with zero visibility 22 Wireless Computer Networks Short-range Wireless Networks: Ultra-wideband https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lt5Mrj9H2tg 23 Wireless Computer Networks Short-range Wireless Networks: NFC o Near-Field Communications (NFC) has the smallest range of any short-range wireless network o NFC is designed to be embedded in mobile devices such as cell phones and credit cards o Example: swiping your device or card within a few centimetres of point-of-sale terminals to pay for items (i.e. “tap”). 24 Wireless Computer Networks Medium-Range Wireless Networks: Wi-Fi o Wireless Fidelity (or Wi-Fi): medium-range wireless local area network (WLAN), which is basically like a wired LAN, but without the cables o In a typical configuration, a transmitter with an antenna, called a wireless access point, connects to a wired LAN or to satellite dishes that provide an Internet connection 25 Wireless Computer Networks Medium-Range Wireless Networks: Wi-Fi o Wi-Fi Direct: using peer-to-peer communications enabling devices to connect with each other directly o MiFi: a small, portable, wireless device that provides users with a permanent Wi-Fi hotspot wherever they go Users are always connected to the Internet The range of the MiFi device is about 10 metres o Super Wi-Fi: a wireless network that creates long distance wireless Internet connections 26 Wireless Computer Networks Wide-Area Wireless Networks o Wide-area wireless networks connect users to the Internet over a geographically dispersed territory o These networks operate over the licensed spectrum (regulated by the government) o In contrast, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi operate over the unlicensed spectrum o Wide-area wireless networks fall within 2 categories - Cellular radio - Wireless broadband (WiMAX) 27 Wireless Computer Networks Wide-Area Wireless Networks: Cellular Radio o Cellphones communicate with radio antennas (towers) placed within adjacent geographic areas called cells o Evolution: 1G, 2G, 3G (CDMA, EV-DO, GSM), 4G, 5G 28 Wireless Computer Networks Wide-Area Wireless Networks: WiMax o Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) - has a wireless access range of up to 50 kilometres, compared with 100 metres for Wi-Fi - has a data-transfer rate of up to 75 Mbps - is a secure system, and it offers features such as voice and video - antennas can transmit broadband Internet connections to antennas on homes and businesses several kilometres away - can provide long-distance broadband wireless access to rural areas and other locations that are not currently being served 29 Wireless Computer Networks Wide-Area Wireless Networks: WiMax https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KQdc5AdJqCg 30 Mobile Computing and Mobile Commerce Mobile Computing o Refers to a real-time connection between a mobile device and other computing environments, such as the Internet or an intranet Mobile Commerce o Electronic commerce (EC) transactions conducted in a wireless environment, especially via the Internet 31 Mobile Computing Two major characteristics: o Mobility o Broad reach Mobility and broad reach create five value-added attributes: o Ubiquity o Convenience o Instant connectivity o Personalization o Localization of products and services 32 Mobile Commerce M-commerce (mobile commerce): the ability to purchase goods and services through a wireless Internet-enabled device L-commerce (location-based commerce): m- commerce transactions targeted to individuals in specific locations – e.g., the Uber app relies on the location of the drivers and users (passengers) Drivers of m-commerce o Widespread availability of mobile devices o Declining prices o Bandwidth improvement 33 Mobile Commerce Applications Mobile commerce applications include: o Financial services o Location-based applications and services o Mobile advertising o Intrabusiness applications o Accessing information o Telemetry applications 34 The Internet of Things (IoT) The Internet of Things (IoT) means that virtually every object (or “thing”) has processing power with wireless or wired connections to a global network o Internet of Everything o Internet of Anything o Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Communication o Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) It is a system in which any object (thing), natural or manmade, has a unique identity (a unique IP address) 35 The Internet of Things (IoT) Example in Healthcare Patients with non-life threatening conditions can wear sensors, or have them implanted – for example, to monitor blood pressure or glucose levels – that are monitored by medical staff. In any cases, the patients can be shown how to interpret the sensor data themselves.” 36 The Internet of Things (IoT) Other examples o The smart home o Smart stores o Smart cities o Automotive o Smart factories o Digital twins o Supply chain management o Energy management o Transportation o Agriculture o Hospitality 37 The Internet of Things (IoT) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlhmzVL5bm8 38