Trends in Healthcare (Chapter 2) PDF

Trends in HealthCare Chapter 2 1 Contents 1.Major forces in the health care industry today 2.Challenges in Health Care Today 3.Trends in Health Care Today 4.Preventive and self-care practices 5.Wellness 2 ...

Trends in HealthCare Chapter 2 1 Contents 1.Major forces in the health care industry today 2.Challenges in Health Care Today 3.Trends in Health Care Today 4.Preventive and self-care practices 5.Wellness 2  Major forces in the health care industry today 1. Technological Advancements 2. Specialization of Healthcare Workers 3. Aging Population 4. Increasing Costs of Health Care 1. Technological Advancements Health care marked by gradual change until beginning of 20th century Rapid progress in past 100 years: medical technology, diagnostic and treatment methods In 1900s, major killers were infectious diseases (influenza, pneumonia, tuberculosis); widespread use of immunizations, many infectious disease unheard of today 1. Technological Advancements Recent advancements: – Organ transplants – Microscopic and robotic surgery  Donation Program The Ministry of Health and Prevention has launched the National Program "Hayat" for organ donation and transplantation, as part of its commitment to improving the lives of patients and providing world-class healthcare services. Created in conjunction with the issuance of Federal Law No. 5 of 2016 regulating the transplantation of human organs and tissues, the registration platform "Hayat" provides an opportunity for residents in the UAE above 21 years old to donate their organs after brain death. As it constitutes a permanent solution for many patients and helps give them a glimmer of hope for survival, let alone the positive impact on the lives of the donor and the recipient alike. Consultation - The Official Portal of the UAE Government 6 1. Technological Advancements Recent advancements: Gene therapy: Insertion of normal DNA into cells to correct a genetic defect or to treat certain diseases Targeted drug therapy: Use of drugs to block growth and spread of cancer cells by preventing them from dividing or by destroying them Artificial Intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) is a wide-ranging branch of computer science concerned with building smart machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence  2. Specialization of Healthcare Workers Effects on health care: – Improved diagnosis and treatment as physicians and practitioners concentrate on specific areas of expertise, such as oncology, neurology – More technical and fragmented medical practice, because specialists treat one aspect, rather than patient as a whole. Major forces in the health care  2. Specialization of Healthcare Workers Effects on health care: – Increased health care costs – Breakdown of patient-physician relationships because one physician no longer provides all or most of needed care – Increased job opportunities for health care professionals  3. Aging Population Life expectancy increase – The number of years a person can expect to live. In UAE United States http://www.healthdata.org/united-arab-emirates 1900 46 years for a male and 48 years for a female – 2015 78.7 years for a male and 81 years for a female Major forces in the health care  3.Aging Population Older adults – Heaviest users of health care services Needs of older adults: – Long-term care facilities for older persons unable to live in own homes – Home care services ranging from housekeeping to high-level nursing care – Treatment for chronic conditions – Increased incidence of Alzheimer’s disease  4. Increasing Costs of Health Care Costs increased dramatically, at faster rate than almost anything else, due to: – Technological advances, resulting in use of very expensive equipment and supplies – Increasing number of elderly persons, resulting in higher numbers of patients using these services – Rising costs of pharmaceutical products – Increased use of expensive diagnostic tests Major forces in the health care  4. Increasing Costs of Health Care (cont.) – Lack of competition in some areas that decreases efficiency and does not provide incentives to lower costs – Rising expectations of patients that health care should provide more effective solutions – More effective treatments Therefore, more patients seeking care – Poor geographic distribution of health care providers  4. Increasing Costs of Health Care (cont.) – Waste (e.g. unnecessary services, excess administrative costs, inflated prices) – Fraud Challenges in Health Care Today  Challenges in Health Care Today 1. Providing affordable care Social conditions (To be considered) – Poverty 2. Providing long-term care – Homelessness – Increased need – Violence – Costs increasing – Substance abuse – Spousal, child, and elder abuse – Malnutrition  Challenges in Health Care Today 3. Maintaining quality of care – High costs encourage cutting expenses – Amount of care may be decreased – Decisions made by insurance companies rather than health care providers  Challenges in Health Care Today 4. Public health concerns – Pandemics COVID-19 Influenza Ebola  Challenges in Health Care Today 5. Medication adherence – Failure to take medication results in expensive preventable health conditions – May be due to high cost of drugs and/or side effects – Providers must explain importance of medications  Challenges in Health Care Today 6. Prescription drug overuse – Painkiller prescriptions quadrupled since 1999 Almost 2 millions Americans abusing – Deaths from overdose tripled since 1999 Preventing prescription drug overuse – Create prescribing guidelines – Regulate clinics – Identify illegal prescriptions – Teach other pain control methods – Educate patients about risk – Improve access to antidotes  Challenges in Health Care Today Preventing antibiotic resistance – Only effective against bacteria – Bacteria can adapt so drugs are ineffective – Can result from over and inappropriate use – Considered a serious public health threat  Question Patients who request prescriptions for antibiotics when they have a cold are A. contributing to the problem of antibiotic resistance B. practicing good health habits C. likely to get well quickly  Answer A. Colds are caused by viruses and antibiotics are not effective against viruses. Taking unnecessary antibiotics leads to their being ineffective when needed.  Challenges in Health Care Today 7. Personal responsibility for health – Lifestyle choices influence incidence of heart disease, cancer, and stroke – Healthy habits should be encouraged  Challenges faced by hospitals Control costs Provide adequate services for communities they serve Maintain quality of care (accreditation)  Trends in Health Care New approaches: – Search for less invasive and less costly alternatives to surgery and drugs – Growing interest in use of natural products – Belief that mind and body are more closely connected than previously thought  Trends in Health Care New approaches (cont.): – Emphasis on preventing rather than simply curing diseases – Patients assuming more responsibility for their health by participating in preventive and self-care practices  Wellness Promotion of health through preventive measures and practice of good habits Leading causes of death influenced by lifestyle habits Wellness is more than the absence of disease or disability  Wellness Wellness is a state of well-being Basic aspects of well-being include self- responsibility with daily decision-making in nutrition, stress management, physical fitness, preventive health care, and emotional health 29 SEVEN ELEMENTS OF WELLNESS 30  7 Components of Wellness Environmental: ability to promote health measures that improve standard of living and quality of life in the community. Social: ability to interact successfully with people, to develop and maintain intimacy with significant others, and to develop respect and tolerance for others with different opinions and beliefs Emotional: ability to manage stress and to express emotions appropriately 31  7 Components of Wellness Physical: ability to carry out daily tasks; achieve fitness; maintain adequate nutrition and proper body fat; avoid unhealthy addictions; and generally practice positive lifestyle habits Spiritual: belief in some force that serves to unite human beings and provide meaning and purpose to life; includes own morals, values, and ethics Intellectual : ability to learn and use information effectively; striving for continued growth and learning to deal with new challenges Occupational: ability to achieve balance between work and leisure time 32  Variables influencing health status, beliefs and practices Many variables influence person’s health status, beliefs, or practices These variables may or may not be under conscious control Some variables are internal/non modifiable (age, gender, ethnic background, family history etc.); others are external/modifiable (environment, occupation, income, education, smoking, diet, exercise, Family and cultural beliefs etc.) 33  7 Components of Wellness The 7 components of wellness overlap to some extent, and the factors in one component often directly affect factors in another For example, a person with good social life will also have a positive impact on his thoughts and occupation 34  Holistic Medicine Expanded view of traditional medicine Emphasizes prevention of disease and personal responsibility for health – Reduce stress – Proper nutrition – Physical activity – Positive attitude All aspects contribute to health – Physical – Mental – Emotional – Spiritual Questions  Summary 1.Major forces in the health care industry today 2.Challenges in Health Care Today 3.Trends in Health Care Today 4.Preventive and self-care practices 5.Wellness 37 Thank You And Wish You All The Best 38