Week 2 - The Scientific Method - PPT PDF

Scientific Method & Fair Test  Agenda 1. Learn the steps involved in the Scientific Method. 2. Practice applying the Scientific Method. 3. Learn what a ‘Fair Test’ is and the page 22 variables involved. Scientific Method  Sci...

Scientific Method & Fair Test  Agenda 1. Learn the steps involved in the Scientific Method. 2. Practice applying the Scientific Method. 3. Learn what a ‘Fair Test’ is and the page 22 variables involved. Scientific Method  Scientific Method Observation The Scientific Method is a step-by-step process used Hypothesis to solve problems and understand how and why Prediction the world and other things work the way they do. Experiment The scientific method can be used Data by anyone, not just scientists.  Scientific Method Step 1: Observation Identifying a problem or something that needs to be solved. Ask a question which is testable and can be answered by conducting an experiment. Weobserve How do we use ourthe5world sensesaround us?  Scientific Method Step 2: Hypothesis A possible answer to the testable question or idea of what the answer to the question might be. We must always have a hypothesis before we conduct an experiment. We always The start scientist withtothe needs endwhat know in mind. they Why doareyou think this is? testing!  Scientific Method Step 3: Prediction This is a statement. The prediction states what will happen in an experiment if the hypothesis is correct. When we Thewrite a prediction prediction wethe often has always wordsinclude two words, what IF andare THEN the two words? Example: IF I do this now (present), THEN in the future, something will happen (change).  Scientific Method Step 4: Experiment Physically doing a task. From the experiment, data is produced.  Scientific Method Step 5: Data Results of the experiment. Should be compared to the hypothesis and prediction steps. Data (results) is the information gathered to determine the conclusion of the experiment and to prove if the hypothesis is true. Scientific Method in Action  Scientific Method Let’s look at an example of the scientific method in everyday life: There has been a power cut in HCMC due to heavy rainfall. It’s nearly sundown and we don’t know how long the power will be out for. Let’s get a flashlight, then we have light.  Scientific Method Observation Hypothesis Prediction Experiment Hmm...my flashlight isn’t Data working!?  Scientific Method Observation Hypothesis Prediction Experiment No flashlight, this is not good. Data Why is my flashlight not working?  Scientific Method Observation Hypothesis Prediction Experiment Replacing the batteries will Data make the flashlight bulb light up.  Scientific Method Observation Hypothesis Prediction Experiment IF I replace the batteries, Data THEN the flashlight bulb will light up!  Scientific Method Observation Hypothesis Prediction Experiment Let’s test our hypothesis with Data an experiment.  Scientific Method Observation Hypothesis Prediction Experiment Did the bulb in the flashlight light up? Data No Was our hypothesis correct?  Scientific Method Observation Our hypothesis (guess) was not correct... What do we do Hypothesis now? Prediction That’s correct, we think of Experiment a new hypothesis. Data What could our new hypothesis be?  Textbook Practice In your Exploring Science Biology Textbook Read pages 22-23 and complete question 3 A possible answer to the testable question. “If there is no mud, then no frogs will appear.” “In June, there were frogs next to both ponds.” Results do not match the prediction. The scientist should come up with another hypothesis until the data match the prediction. Fair Test  Fair Test A fair test is an experiment where only one variable is changed, and all other variables are kept the same. Three types of variables involved in a fair test are: Independent Dependent Control variable variable variable Variables Independent variable: A factor that is changed by the experimenter on purpose, to test the dependent variable. Dependent variable: A factor that may change as a result of changes made to the independent variable. Control variable: The variable(s) in an experiment that is unchanged and constant (always the same).  Fair Test In a fair test, the dependent variable is “dependent” (relies) on the independent variable. Control Independent Dependent Variables Variable Variable One independent variable is changed at a time while the rest of the variables are controlled.  Variables Control Independent Dependent Variables Variable Variable Independent variable: The amount of water. Dependent variable: The number of sprouted seeds. Control variables: The number of seeds, pots, soil type, conditions (temperature, humidity, etc)  Trials Trials are when a scientist repeats their experiment many times to test the hypothesis. Why do you think trials are important? Trials are done to check that the data from the experiment is accurate. When all the data from trials support the hypothesis, the hypothesis becomes a theory. Worksheet Practice  Scientific Method Observation Hypothesis Prediction True Experiment Data 3) Correctly identify the steps to the Scientific Method  3) Correctly identify the steps to the Scientific Method My motorbike is not working. Why is my motorbike not working? Replacing the battery will start my motorbike. If i replace my battery, then my motorbike will work. Replace the battery to my motorbike. My motorbike works with the new battery. Practice with Variables Type of boots Time spent hiking Hiking trail, temperature, etc Practice with Variables Amount of water Height of the sunflower Sunlight, soil, etc Practice with Variables Homework Grades Children’s grade level, ability, etc Practice with Variables Exercise Life expectancy Person’s genetics, food, habits, etc Practice with Variables Puppies Weight of puppies Food, breed, etc  Instructions for the Teacher Give each group 1 cup filled with water, 1 egg, and some salt and encourage them to discover why an egg will sink in clear water and float in salt water. This is because the egg is more dense than clear water, but less dense than salt water. Then see if they can find the correct mixture of salt and water so their densities are the same. Experiment  Experiment Observation Hypothesis Prediction Experiment Why is the egg floating? Data  Experiment Observation Hypothesis Prediction Experiment Difference in density of water Data causes the egg to float.  Experiment Observation Hypothesis Prediction Experiment If I change the density of Data water, then I can get the egg to float.  Experiment Observation Each group will receive 1 cup and 1 Hypothesis egg. Slowly add the salt and let it Prediction desolve before adding more. Try to Experiment get the egg to float Data in the middle!  Experiment Observation If you add too much salt, it’s Hypothesis going to float all the way to the top. Prediction Experiment Data  Experiment Observation Does the data match the prediction? Hypothesis Prediction Yes, changing the density of the water by dissolving salt Experiment into the water caused the egg to float. Data 2. Let’s try to identify the variables in this Fair Test. The density of the water The depth of the egg in water Egg’s size, age, water temp, etc Vocabulary  Vocabulary What you think will happen in the 1 Observation 3 experiment. 2 1 Information we collect from the world Hypothesis around us. An idea or explanation that you test in 3 Prediction 2 an experiment. 4 A test using observations and controlled Experiment 4 variables.  Vocabulary 2 When you interpret the data and come 1 Data to a conclusions. When a hypothesis has been tested 2 Analysis 3 many times and the evidence supports the hypothesis. Information collected from the 3 Theory 1 experiment. What did we do today? 1. Introduction to Scientific Method 2. Applying Scientific Method 3. Understanding Fair test and variables  Next week: We will study Atoms and Elements 1 next week Bring your Chemistry textbook. End of Class