Week 13-14 Principles Of Speech Writing PDF

Oral Communicatio n in Context  Overview of Last Week's Discussion What do you remember from our discussion last week? Let’s Warm Up! Quote Quest  "The right word may be effective, but no word was ever as effective as a rightly timed pause." - Mark Twain  "Words have in...

Oral Communicatio n in Context  Overview of Last Week's Discussion What do you remember from our discussion last week? Let’s Warm Up! Quote Quest  "The right word may be effective, but no word was ever as effective as a rightly timed pause." - Mark Twain  "Words have incredible power. They can make people’s hearts soar, or they can make people’s hearts sore." - Dr. Mardy Grothe  "The most important thing in communication is hearing what isn’t said." Peter Drucker  How do the insights from these quotes highlight key principles of effective speech writing? WEEK 13- 14: The Principles of Speech Writing Objectives: 1.Follow the steps in writing a speech. 2.Use principles of effective speech writing focusing on audience profile, logical organization, duration, linguistic competence, grammatical competence, and communicative competence. The Principles of Speech Ninety percent (90%) of a great speech is a great material, and ten percent (10%) is great delivery. There is not much difference between writing for public speaking and other types of writing. To make your statements or arguments credible, you have to capture your listener’s attention, express your ideas logically, and use reliable evidence. Public speaking is all about getting people to react to your message - to think, feel, or act differently. You need to know as much as you can about the listeners to reach them. During your speech, they will only have one chance to comprehend the information, so make sure the speech is well-organized and easy to follow. Moreover, the content of your speech and your delivery must be appropriate to the audience.  1. Choosing the Topic Choosing the Topic The topic of a speech should be relevant, engaging, and appropriate for the audience and occasion. It should also be something the speaker is knowledgeable and passionate about. How to Do It? 1.Identify the Purpose. Determine the goal of your speech. Are you informing, persuading, entertaining, or motivating your audience? 2.Consider the Audience. Think about what topics would interest your audience and what they can relate to. Consider their demographics, interests, and prior knowledge. 3.Brainstorm ideas. List down possible topics that fit the purpose and audience. Use brainstorming techniques like mind mapping or free writing. 4.Evaluate feasibility. Assess each potential topic for availability of information, time constraints, and your own familiarity with the subject. 5.Narrow down. Choose a topic that is specific enough to cover in the allotted time but broad enough to provide sufficient material.  2. Analyzing the Audience’s Profile  Analyzing the Audience Profile Understanding the audience is crucial for tailoring the speech to their interests, level of understanding, and expectations.  Analyzing the Audience Profile This includes considering their age, cultural background, education level, and what they care about.  Analyzing the Audience Profile For example, a speech for high school students will differ significantly from one for corporate executives. How to Do It? 1.Conduct a demographic analysis. Gather information on age, gender, education level, cultural background, and occupation of the audience. 2.Conduct a psychographic analysis. Understand the audience's values, attitudes, beliefs, and interests. This can be done through surveys, questionnaires, or informal conversations. 3.Conduct a situational analysis. Consider the context of the speech, including the occasion, venue, time of day, and audience size. 4.Analyze the audience’s prior knowledge and experience. Assess what the audience already knows about the topic and their previous experiences related to it. 5.Adapt the content. Use the gathered information to adjust the speech's language, examples, and tone to better resonate with the audience.  3. Sourcing the Information Sourcing the Information Reliable and accurate information is the foundation of an effective speech. Use credible sources to support your points and enhance your credibility. How to Do It? 1.Use primary sources. Use original materials like interviews, surveys, or firsthand accounts that provide direct evidence. 2.Use secondary sources. Refer to books, articles, and reports that analyze or interpret primary sources. 3.Utilize tertiary sources. Utilize encyclopedias, dictionaries, and textbooks for summaries and overviews. 4.Utilize online databases and libraries. Access academic databases like JSTOR, PubMed, or Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles. 5.Verify credibility. Evaluate sources for credibility, accuracy, bias, and relevance. Check the author's qualifications, publication date, and publisher. 6.Cite sources. Properly attribute all sources to avoid plagiarism and to enhance the speech's credibility.  4. Logical Organization and Outlining of the Speech Content  Logical Organization and Outlining of the Speech A well-organized, coherent, and logical speech helps the audience follow along and understand the message. An outline serves as a roadmap for the speech. How to Do It? 1.Introduction Attention Grabber Start with a hook like a question, quote, anecdote, or startling fact. Thesis Statement Clearly state the main point or argument of the speech. Preview Briefly outline the main points that will be covered. 2.Body Main Points Identify 2-5 main points that support the thesis. Each main point should be distinct and contribute to the overall message. Supporting Evidence Provide evidence, examples, statistics, and anecdotes for each main point. Transitions Use transitions to smoothly move from one point to the next, 3.Conclusion Summary Recap the main points. Restate Thesis Reinforce the main argument or purpose. Call to Action or Closing Remark End with a memorable statement, call to action, or thought-provoking idea. 4.Outline Format Use a hierarchical structure with main headings for the introduction, body, and conclusion. Subheadings and bullet points can help organize supporting details. SAMPLE OUTLINE Table Format TYPE OF Persuasive SPEECH To persuade the community members to reduce, reuse, and PURPOS recycle as means of eliminating E garbage and protecting the environment PATTERN Problem-solution  Promoting the importance of TOPIC 3R’s in eliminating waste and protecting the environment Share facts on the current INTRODUCTIO situation of the environment. N State the message of the speech.  Discuss how improper waste disposal becomes an environmental problem. BODY Explain how the 3R’s would eliminate waste and protect the environment. State the specific purpose of CONCLUSION your speech again. Call for action.  List Format 1.As of today, there is an alarming increase of wastes in our community. a.According to Solid Waste Management Office, if we do not take immediate action, we might face more perils caused by natural calamities. b.Now, I am going to talk about how to eliminate wastes and protect the environment. 2.Improper waste disposal causes environmental problems. a.Waste contaminates the soil. b.Waste contaminates the water. c.Waste can cause floods. 3.There are ways to eliminate wastes and protect the environment. a.Reducing, reusing, and recycling can help eliminate wastes. b.People should start doing these at home. 4.We must act now. a.This solution' should be supported by the local government. b.Let us learn from the lessons in natural calamities we have experienced.  5. Duration Duration Refers to the length of the speech in terms of time How to Do It? 1.The speech should be appropriately timed for the context and audience. It’s important to keep the speech within the allotted time to maintain the audience's attention and ensure all key points are covered.  6. Linguistic Competence  Linguistic Competence Linguistic competence involves having a good command of the language to express ideas clearly and effectively.  Linguistic Competence Refers to selecting words that are appropriate for the audience and purpose of the speech  Linguistic Competence Effective word choice involves using language that is clear, precise, and suitable for the audience How to Do It? 1.Avoid using jargons. Jargons should be used only when it is understood by the audience. 2.Use vivid and descriptive language to create imagery. This will allow the audience to follow the storyline of your speech, if necessary. 3.Choose words that convey the intended tone and emotion. The right words can make the speech more relatable and impactful.  7. Communicative Competence Communicative Competence Refers to the ability to convey ideas effectively and interact appropriately in various communicative contexts Communicative Competence Involves not only linguistic skills but also non-verbal communication, such as body language, eye contact, and facial expressions How to Do It? 1.Craft your speech while considering the use of non- verbal cues. This will ensure that the speech is not just delivered, but also received and understood as intended.  8. Grammatical Competence Grammatical Competence Refers to the ability to use grammar correctly and appropriately which is essential for clarity and credibility. Grammatical Competence Errors in grammar can distract the audience and undermine the speaker’s authority. How to Do It? 1.Ensure correct sentence structure, verb tense, punctuation, and word usage. This helps convey the message effectively and professionally. 2.Proofread, edit, and revise your speech. If you cannot do it on your own, you may seek help from experts.  Six Power Principles for Speech Editing by Dlugan (2013)  1.Edit for focus. "So, what's the point? What's the message of the speech?" All of your writing should relate your central message, from introduction to conclusion. 2. Edit for clarity. "I don't understand the message because the examples or supporting details were confusing."  2. Edit for clarity. You should arrange all your ideas in your speech in a logical order (e.g., the main idea should be presented first, followed by supporting details, and the supporting details should be presented before the main idea). 3. Edit for concision. "The speech was all over the place; the speaker kept talking endlessly as if no one was listening to him/her." 3. Edit for concision. By using simple words and avoiding unrelated stories, you can keep your speech short, simple, and clear.  4. Edit for "The continuity. speech was too difficult to follow; I was lost in the middle." By adding transitions and phrases to your presentation, you can keep the flow smooth. 5. Edit for variety. "I didn't enjoy the speech because it was boring." By changing your tone and style, moving around the stage, or adding humor, you can add spice to your speech. 6. Edit for impact and beauty. "There's nothing really special about the speech." Surprise the audience, use vivid descriptions, and make your lines well-crafted and memorable. Rehearsing gives you an opportunity to identify what works and what does not work for you and for your target audience. Some strategies include reading your speech aloud, recording for your own analysis or for your peers or coaches to give feedback on your delivery. The best thing to remember at this stage is: "Constant practice makes perfect." QUESTIONS? THANK YOU! Hazel Marie Rabano, LPT Senior High School Department Our Lady of Fatima University REFERENCES: Jose, L. & Larioque, R. (2023). Oral Communication in Context For Senior High School. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp. pp. 189-199.