Week-1-Computer-Hardware-1.pptx

COMPUTER AND THE COMPUTER HARDWARE COMPUTER A defined computer that machine as is a is performin capable seque o g nce an logf a d ic o arithmetic f Capable of performing operations certain logical operatio...

COMPUTER AND THE COMPUTER HARDWARE COMPUTER A defined computer that machine as is a is performin capable seque o g nce an logf a d ic o arithmetic f Capable of performing operations certain logical operation, provide new time dimension, has the ability to store and COMPONENTS HARDWARE SOFTWARE PEOPLEWARE CLASSIFICATION ANALOG DIGITAL HYBRID Used for scientific, Used for both Special purpose engineering and business and scientific machine that combines process-controlled processing. the measuring purposes. Perform simple capabilities of analog mathematical and logical and control operations of greater capabilities of digital accuracy. computers. TYPE Extremely S fast and SUPERCOMPUTER performs hundreds of millions of instructions per second Uses power to execute a few programs as fast as possible TYPE Powerful multi- S user computer MAINFRAMES capable of supporting many hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously Uses power to execute more programs concurrently TYPE S Multi-user MINICOMPUTER computer capable of supporting up to hundreds of users simultaneously. Smaller version of mainframes or supercompute TYPE For engineering S applications, WORKSTATION publishing, software development Moderately high power, but high quality graphics High-res screen, large RAM, large mass storage device Single-user computer but typically linked together with TYPE S PERSONAL COMPUTER Small, inexpensive computer designed for individual users With various powers depending on price HISTOR Y ABACUS Jacquard’s ANALYTIC ENGINE (1837) (300 BC) PUNCHCARD Charles Babbage (1801) PASCALINE DIFFERENCE HOLLERITH DESK (1642) ENGINE (1822) (1890) Blaise Pascal Charles Babbage Herman Holerith HISTORY 1 Generation Computers st MARK 1 (1943) ENIAC (1946) UNIVAC (1950s) Harvard University Eckert and Remington Rand and IBM Mauchly Corporation HISTORY 2ND GENERATION COMPUTERS IBM 1620 TRANSISTORS (1950s) IBM 1401 HISTORY 3RD GENERATION COMPUTERS IBM 360 MICROCHIP (1960s) IBM 370 HISTORY RISE OF MODERN PERSONAL COMPUTER INTEL 8008 (1972) APPLE (1976) IPAD (Present)  SUMMARY: EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS GEN YEAR CIRCUITRY DEVICES PROCESSOR S ENIAC, 1ST 1939-1954 Vacuum Tubes Calculators EDVAC, UNIVAC, IBM 2ND 1954-1959 Transistor Mainframes IBM PDP 3RD 1959-1971 Integrated Mini-computers System/ 32 Circuit System/ 36 Micro- Intel Pentium, Micro- 4TH 1971-1991 processor, Motorola, computer, Very Large Zilog, ARM Personal Scale architecture computer Integration (VLSI) UNIX Super System, computers, Intel Small Pentium, Mainframe,  COMPUTER HARDWARE DEFINED AS ALL OF THE PHYSICAL COMPONENTS (OBJECTIVE) OF THE MACHINE ITSELF. FUNDAMEN TALS CPU MEMORY INPUT DEVICES OUTPUT DEVICES STORAGE MEDIA  COMPUTER HARDWARE DEFINED AS ALL OF THE PHYSICAL COMPONENTS (OBJECTIVE) OF THE MACHINE ITSELF. BASIC COMPONENTS CPU The BRAIN of the Computer Arithmetic and Controls mathematical Logic Unit function such as addition and subtraction and functions of the test logic (Boolean) conditions The control unit carries Control Unit out the machine language functions called fetch, execute, decode and store.  COMPUTER HARDWARE DEFINED AS ALL OF THE PHYSICAL COMPONENTS (OBJECTIVE) OF THE MACHINE ITSELF. MEMO RY refers to working memory used for primary RAM storage. Can be accessed, used, changed, and written on repeatedly. Contains data and instructions that are stored and processed by computer programs called application programs. Content is lost whenever the power to the computer is turned off. A form of permanent storage which means ROM that data and programs at ROM can only be read by computer and cannot be erased or altered.  Contain the programs called firmware,  Is not erased when computer is turned off.  COMPUTER HARDWARE DEFINED AS ALL OF THE PHYSICAL COMPONENTS (OBJECTIVE) OF THE MACHINE ITSELF. MEMO RY A small number of very high-speed REGISTER memory locations.  Data must be registered before it can be processed  16-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit Small memory storage area holding CACHE recently accessed data  COMPUTER HARDWARE BASIC COMPONENTS INPUT DEVICES KEYBOARD A set of typewriter-like keys that enables you to enter data into a computer. MOUSE A hand-controlled hardware device for interacting with a computer terminal. A light-sensitive input device shaped LIGHT PEN like a pen, used to draw on the computer screen or to make menu selections. Allow a person to access a VOICE INPUT computer without using a keyboard or mouse instead speaking on a microphone to  COMPUTER HARDWARE BASIC COMPONENTS INPUT DEVICES A device that reads a printed SCANNER page and converts it into a graphics image for the computer WEBCAM A camera that records video or image  COMPUTER HARDWARE DEFINED AS ALL OF THE PHYSICAL COMPONENTS (OBJECTIVE) OF THE MACHINE ITSELF. BASIC COMPONENTS Report its results to OUTPUT external world in a form DEVICES of text, graphics, signals, sounds MONITOR AND A peripheral device with a PROJECTORS screen for the visual display of information A device controlled by a PRINTER computer that makes images appears on media. EARPHONES AND A device that uses sound SPEAKERS waes to be heard by user VIBRATION/ A device uses touch to HAPTIC communicate with the FEEDBACK user  COMPUTER HARDWARE DEFINED AS ALL OF THE PHYSICAL COMPONENTS (OBJECTIVE) OF THE MACHINE ITSELF. BASIC COMPONENTS INPUT DEVICES OUTPUT DEVICES TOUCH SCREEN An interactive visual display device which the user interacts by touching the screen to select options from a displayed menu.  COMPUTER HARDWARE DEFINED AS ALL OF THE PHYSICAL COMPONENTS (OBJECTIVE) OF THE MACHINE ITSELF. BASIC COMPONENTS STORAGE MEDIA The main storage of the computer and has COMPUTER HARD a very high speed and DRIVE high density. A portable or handy hard drive that has EXTERNAL HARD very high speed and DRIVE high density. A round magnetic disk encased in a flexible rigid case or allowingboth DISKETTES input output and and to transport data and programs from one computer to another.  COMPUTER HARDWARE DEFINED AS ALL OF THE PHYSICAL COMPONENTS (OBJECTIVE) OF THE MACHINE ITSELF. BASIC COMPONENTS STORAGE MEDIA A rigid disk that holds a CD/ DVD/ BLU- much higher density of RAY information than a diskette and has a much higher speed. A form of a small, removable USB hard drive that is inserted FLASHDRIVE into the USB port of a computer. CLOUD TECHNOLOGY  COMPUTER HARDWARE DEFINED AS ALL OF THE PHYSICAL COMPONENTS (OBJECTIVE) OF THE MACHINE ITSELF. COMPUTER POWER AND COMPUTER SPEED BIT BYTE Number of Bytes Term 1024 1 kilobyte (Kb) 10242 1 megabyte (Mb) 10243 1 gigabyte (Gb) 10244 1 terabyte (Tb) 10245 1 pentabyte (Pb) 10246 1 exabyte (Eb) 10247 1 zettabyte (Zb) 10248 1 yottabyte (Yb)  COMPUTER HARDWARE DEFINED AS ALL OF THE PHYSICAL COMPONENTS (OBJECTIVE) OF THE MACHINE ITSELF. COMPUTER POWER AND COMPUTER SPEED COMPUTER SPEED The basic operations of the CPU are called cycles (fetch, decode, execute and store cycles). It takes time to the computer to perform these functions. The CPU speed is measured in cycles per second. For example, the original IBM PC introduced in 1981 had a clock speed of 4.77 MHz (4.77 million cycles per second). Nowadays, PC speeds are timed in billion cycles per second or gigahertz (GHz). THANK YOU FOR LISTENIN G FUTURE RNs