Communicable Diseases Summary PDF

## CEBU DOCTORS’ UNIVERSITY ## COLLEGE OF NURSING **MODULE 5F: CARE OF CLIENTS WITH COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN THE COMMUNITY** **SUMMARY OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES** **A. Vaccine-Preventable Diseases** | Disease | Causative Agent | Mode of Transmission | Incubation Period | Signs and Symptoms | Diag...

## CEBU DOCTORS’ UNIVERSITY ## COLLEGE OF NURSING **MODULE 5F: CARE OF CLIENTS WITH COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN THE COMMUNITY** **SUMMARY OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES** **A. Vaccine-Preventable Diseases** | Disease | Causative Agent | Mode of Transmission | Incubation Period | Signs and Symptoms | Diagnostic Test | Management | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1. Tuberculosis | Mycobacterium Tuberculosis | Airborne (Sneezing, coughing, spitting) | 4-6 weeks | Fever: Low grade, afternoon, loss of appetite, easy fatiguability, night sweats, dry cough. Late: Productive cough with hemoptysis, chest pain | 1. Direct Sputum Smear Microscopy: Ziehl-Neelsen or Fluorescence Microscopy. 2. Xpert MTB/RIF: Detects MTB and drug resistance. 3. TB Skin Test: purified protein derivative that can stimulate hypersensitivity | NTP Control Program | | 2. Hepatitis B | Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) <br> Genus Orthohepadnavirus <br> Family Hepadnaviridae | Blood and body fluids, sexual contact, mother-baby | 30-180 days (Ave 90 days) | Fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, hepatic pain, tea colored-urine, clay-colored stool, joint pain, jaundice | HBsAg, Anti-HBc, Liver function test | Antiviral Medications (Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin), Liver Monitoring | **C. Soil-Transmitted Helminths** **a. Nematodes** | Disease | Causative Agent | Mode of Transmission | Incubation Period | Signs and Symptoms | Diagnostic Test | Management | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1. Ascariasis | Ascaris lumbricoides <br>(Contaminated soil/food) | Fecal-oral | 2-3 months | Abdominal pain, malnutrition, respiratory symptoms | Stool examination | Antihelminthics (Albendazole) | | 2. Trichuriasis | Trichuris trichura <br>(Contaminated soil/food) | Fecal-oral | 2-6 weeks | Diarrhea, abdominal pain, anemia | Stool examination | Anthelmintics (Mebendazole) | **D. Zoonotic and Vector-borne Diseases** | Disease | Causative Agent | Mode of Transmission | Incubation Period | Signs and Symptoms | Diagnostic Test | Management | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1. Dengue | Dengue Virus <br> Family Flaviviridae <br> Genus Flavivirus | Vector-borne (Aedes mosquito bites) | 4-10 days | High fever, severe headache, joint/muscle pain, rash | Blood tests (Dengue NS1 antigen, serology) | Supportive care, hydration, pain relief | | 2. Leptospirosis | Leptospira interrogans | Contact with contaminated water/soil | 5-14 days | Fever, headache, muscle aches, jaundice, kidney damage | Serology, PCR | Antibiotics (Doxycycline), supportive care | | 3. Rabies | Rabies Virus <br> Family Rhabdoviridae <br> Genus Lyssavirus | Animal bites (saliva) | 1-3 months | Fever, headache, confusion, hydrophobia, paralysis | Clinical evaluation, history | Post-exposure prophylaxis (rabies vaccine, immunoglobulin) | **E. Sexually Transmitted Infection** | Disease | Causative Agent | Mode of Transmission | Incubation Period | Signs and Symptoms | Diagnostic Test | Management | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1. HIV/AIDS | Human Immunodeficiency Virus <br> Family Retroviridae <br> Genus Lentivirus | Sexual contact, blood, mother-to-child | 2-4 weeks (acute HIV) | Fever, sore throat, fatigue, weight loss, opportunistic infections | HIV antibody/antigen test | Antiretroviral therapy (ART) | **c. Cestodes** | Disease | Causative Agent | Mode of Transmission | Incubation Period | Signs and Symptoms | Diagnostic Test | Management | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1. Taeniasis | Taenia sp. (T. Saginata, solium) | Ingestion of undercooked meat | 8-14 weeks | Abdominal pain, nausea, weight loss | Stool examination | Anthelmintics (praziquantel) | **b. Trematodes** | Disease | Causative Agent | Mode of Transmission | Incubation Period | Signs and Symptoms | Diagnostic Test | Management | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1. Schistosomiasis | Schistosoma japonicum <br> Schistosoma sp. (haematobium, mansoni) | Skin contact with contaminated water | Days to weeks | Abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood in urine, liver damage | Stool/urine examination, serology | Anthelmintics (Praziquantel) | | 2. Paragonimiasis | Paragonimus westermani | Ingestion of undercooked crustaceans | 2-30 days | Cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, fever | Stool/pleural fluid examination | Anthelmintics (Praziquantel) | | 3. Fasciolosis | Fasciola hepatica | Ingestion of contaminated water plants | 2-6 weeks | Abdominal pain, fever, jaundice | Serology, imaging | Anthelmintics (Triclabendazole) | **3. Acute Viral Hepatitis (Hepatitis A)** | Disease | Causative Agent | Mode of Transmission | Incubation Period | Signs and Symptoms | Diagnostic Test | Management | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 3. Acute Viral Hepatitis (Hepatitis A) | Hepatitis A Virus <br> Genus Hepatovirus <br> Family Picornaviridae | Fecal-oral (Contaminated food/water) | 15-50 days | Fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, jaundice and dark-colored urine | Serology (anti-HAV antibodies) | Supportive care, vaccination for prevention | **4. Rotavirus** | Disease | Causative Agent | Mode of Transmission | Incubation Period | Signs and Symptoms | Diagnostic Test | Management | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 4. Rotavirus | Rotavirus A*, B and C <br> Genus Rotavirus <br> Family Reoviridae | Fecal-oral (Contaminated surfaces) | 1-3 days | Severe diarrhea, vomiting, fever, dehydration | Stool antigen detection | Rehydration therapy, rotavirus vaccine | **5. Typhoid Fever** | Disease | Causative Agent | Mode of Transmission | Incubation Period | Signs and Symptoms | Diagnostic Test | Management | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 5. Typhoid Fever | Salmonella typhi | Fecal-oral (Contaminated food/water) | 6-30 days | Fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, headache | Blood culture, stool culture | Antibiotic Therapy (Ciprofloxacin), hydration | **B. Food and Water-borne Diseases** | Disease | Causative Agent | Mode of Transmission | Incubation Period | Signs and Symptoms | Diagnostic Test | Management | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1. Amoebiasis | Entamoeba histolytica | Fecal-oral (Contaminated food/water) | 2-4 weeks | Bloody Diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, Hallmerk sign: dysentery. Severe: Bloody mucoid stool | Stool examination | Antimicrobial/ Antiprotozoal Therapy (Metronidazole or tinidazole) | | 2. Cholera | Vibrio cholerae | Fecal-oral (Contaminated food/water) | Horse to 5 days | Watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, leg cramps, Hallmark sign: Rice-water stool, "Washer Woman's Hands" | Stool cultures, rapid test | Rehydration therapy, antibiotic therapy (Doxycycline) | **10. Mumps** | Disease | Causative Agent | Mode of Transmission | Incubation Period | Signs and Symptoms | Diagnostic Test | Management | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 10. Mumps | Mumps Virus <br> Genus Rubulavirus <br> Family Paramyxoviridae | Airborne, direct contact | 12-25 days | Swollen salivary glands, fever, headache | Clinical diagnosis, serological tests | Supportive care, pain relievers (NSAIDS, exp. aspirin) | **11. Rubella** | Disease | Causative Agent | Mode of Transmission | Incubation Period | Signs and Symptoms | Diagnostic Test | Management | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 11. Rubella | Rubella Virus <br> Genus Rubivirus <br> Family Togaviridae | Airborne | 14-21 days | Mild rash, fever, swollen lymph nodes, Forchheimer spots | Clinical diagnosis, serological tests | Supportive care, vaccination for prevention | **3. Hookworm** | Disease | Causative Agent | Mode of Transmission | Incubation Period | Signs and Symptoms | Diagnostic Test | Management | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 3. Hookworm | Ancylostoma duodenale | Fecal-oral (soil penetration) | 1-3 months | Anemia, fatigue, abdominal pain | Stool examination | Anthelmintics (Albendazole), Iron supplementation | **4. Filariasis** | Disease | Causative Agent | Mode of Transmission | Incubation Period | Signs and Symptoms | Diagnostic Test | Management | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 4. Filariasis | Necator americanus <br> Wuchereria bancrofti <br> Brugia sp. (malayi, timori) | Vector-borne (mosquito bites) | Months to years | Lymphatic swelling, elephantiasis | Blood test, ultrasound | Antiparasitic medications (Diethylcarbamazine) |