Skeletal System and Composition/Structure of Bone PDF

TIDEWATER COMMUNITY COLLEGE PTA PROGRAM VA BEACH CAMPUS PTH 151 -- [Unit I lecture HO\#4] - **[Skeletal System and Composition/Structure of Bone]** [Reference]: Trail Guide to Movement pg. 36-38; Clinical Mechanics and Kinesiology pg. 70-73 [Learner Objectives] - 7D24: G.Patient/Client educatio...

TIDEWATER COMMUNITY COLLEGE PTA PROGRAM VA BEACH CAMPUS PTH 151 -- [Unit I lecture HO\#4] - **[Skeletal System and Composition/Structure of Bone]** [Reference]: Trail Guide to Movement pg. 36-38; Clinical Mechanics and Kinesiology pg. 70-73 [Learner Objectives] - 7D24: G.Patient/Client education H. Therapeutic exercise C2. Describe the purposes of the skeletal system. C4. Identify types of bones and give examples of each. C5. Differentiate between compact and cancellous (spongy) bone. Axial Skeleton: =============== - - - - Appendicular Skeleton ===================== - - - - - Purposes of the Skeletal System =============================== 1. Gives support to soft tissue 2. Provides a framework for shape and support 3. Protects vital organs 4. Provides levers for body movements 5. Produces red blood cells (usually flat bones) 6. Stores calcium and mineral salts **[Classification (Types) of Bones: (4)]** 1. [Long] -- length \> width; largest bones in the body are long; long bones make up most of the appendicular skeleton **ie.** femur, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, metatarsals, tibia, fibula, phalanges 2. [Short] -- more equal dimensions of length and width; cubical shape; large articular surface; articulate with more than one bone **ie.** carpals, tarsals 3. [Flat] -- broad but thin, curved surface **ie.** scapula, ribs (sometimes have cervical ribs), sternum, cranial bones 4. [Irregular] -- mixed shapes; do not fit into long, short or flat categories - - - Structure (Parts) of a Long Bone: ================================= Epiphysis: ---------- - - - - Diaphysis: ---------- - - - - Periosteum: ----------- - - [Medullary Cavity:] - - Endosteum: ========== - - [Articular Cartilage:] - - - - Formation of Bone ================= - - - - - Cortical (compact) and Cancellous (spongy) Bone =============================================== 1. [Cortical (compact) bone] -- tightly packed bony tissue; found primarily in the shaft (diaphysis) of long bones and on the outer surfaces of bones - - - -  2. [Cancellous (spongy) bone] -- contains many irregular spaces giving the appearance of a sponge; primarily located in the epiphysis of long bones and the center of other bones; contain a latticework of bars and plates of bony tissues called trabeculae