Unit Four Study Guide PDF

## Part One 1. Why does the United States refuse to support the peace plan from the Geneva Convention of 1954? The U.S. refused because it didn't want communism spreading in Southeast Asia. 2. How does Johnson become trapped in Vietnam as a result of previous policies and administrations? Johnson i...

## Part One 1. Why does the United States refuse to support the peace plan from the Geneva Convention of 1954? The U.S. refused because it didn't want communism spreading in Southeast Asia. 2. How does Johnson become trapped in Vietnam as a result of previous policies and administrations? Johnson inherits the problem from Kennedy, making it hard to pull out without losing credibility. 3. What is the North Vietnamese strategy in Vietnam? Guerrilla warfare and wearing down U.S. forces. 4. What happens in the Gulf of Tonkin? What key piece of legislation comes from this and what does it call for? A U.S. ship is attacked. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution is passed, allowing more military action in Vietnam. 5. How does Johnson use the conflict in Vietnam to his advantage? He uses the war to gain political support and distract from domestic issues. 6. How does the socioeconomics of the military change during Vietnam? More working-class and minority soldiers were drafted due to draft inequalities. 7. What questionable weapons did the United States use against North Vietnam? What was the outcome? Napalm and Agent Orange, caused long-term health and environmental damage. 8. What happens at Mi Lai? U.S. soldiers killed hundreds of Vietnamese civilians in a massacre. 9. What is the Tet offensive and why was it significant? A surprise attack by North Vietnam in 1968, showed the war was far from over and damaging U.S. morale. 10. What is Détente? A period of reduced tension between the U.S. and Soviet Union. 11. What is the Nixon Doctrine? Phased withdrawals and bombing campaigns in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. 12. What ends the Vietnam War? The Paris Peace Accords (1973). ## Part Two 1. How did the New Left differ from the Old Left? The New Left focused on social issues, the Old Left focused on labor and economic problems. 2. What was the Port Huron Statement and how did it connect with the SDS? It was a 1962 manifesto for peace and equality, linked to the SDS who fought for change. 3. What caused the rise of the Student Free Speech Movement of 1964? Students protested limits on free speech at UC Berkeley. 4. How was the Student Free Speech Movement connected with the Civil Rights Movement? Both fought for freedom and equality. 5. What is a counterculture? A movement rejecting mainstream values. 6. What did the Hippies want? Peace, love, and freedom. 7. What was Woodstock? A 1969 music festival representing peace and the counterculture. 8. What was the difference between First and Second Wave Feminism? The first Wave focused on voting rights, Second Wave on broader equality issues. 9. What is Betty Friedan known for? Writing The Feminine Mystique and promoting women's rights. 10. What are the key elements of the book The Feminine Mystique? It criticized limited roles for women in society. 11. What is the purpose of Title IX? To stop gender discrimination in schools. 12. What was the finding of Roe v. Wade? Women have the right to choose an abortion. 13. How are the Birth Control Pill and the Sexual Revolution of the 60s and 70s connected? The pill gave women more control over sex and reproduction. 14. What is the significance of the Stonewall Uprising of 1969? It started the modern LGBTQ+ rights movement. 15. How is President Nixon finally brought down? He resigned after the Watergate scandal. ## Part Three 1. Why was Jimmy Carter's personality as a manager a downfall of his presidency? Carter's micromanagement and lack of delegation led to inefficiency. 2. Provide at least two successes Carter enjoyed early in his presidency. Successful Camp David Accords and the creation of the Department of Energy. 3. Why did Carter have such a hard time connecting with Americans on the issue of inflation and the energy crisis? He was seen as out of touch, offering solutions that seemed too complicated or harsh for everyday Americans. 4. Provide one success and one failure of Carter's Foreign Policy. Success: The Camp David Accords. Failure: The Iran Hostage Crisis. 5. Why was Ronald Reagan so popular? Reagan was charismatic, optimistic, and presented clear conservative values. 6. Provide three aspects of Reagan's Agenda. Reducing taxes, increasing military spending, and cutting government programs. 7. What were the Goals of Jerry Falwell's Moral Majority? To promote conservative Christian values on issues like abortion and gay rights. 8. What is Stagflation? A period of high inflation and high unemployment occurred together. 9. Explain Reaganomics (Trickledown Economics). Lowering taxes for the wealthy and businesses, with the idea that benefits would eventually trickle down to the rest of society. 10. How did Reagan defeat the Soviet Union? By increasing military spending, pressuring the Soviet economy, and promoting democratic ideals. 11. What two policies does the Soviet Union undertake to stop their collapse? Which one ultimately accelerated the fall? Perestroika and Glasnost. Perestroika accelerated the fall.