PSYR213 Theories of Personality PDF

PSYR213 - THEORIES OF PERSONALITY Theories of Personality BAP-2A | Mary Gabriellee R. Huliganga — Semester 1 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Characteristics of Theory: WHAT IS PERSONALITY...

PSYR213 - THEORIES OF PERSONALITY Theories of Personality BAP-2A | Mary Gabriellee R. Huliganga — Semester 1 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Characteristics of Theory: WHAT IS PERSONALITY? Generates research Personality originated from the Latin “persona” - which Is falsifiable referred to a theatrical mask worn by Roman actors in Organizes data Greek dramas. Guides the action Is internally consistent It is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and Is parsimonious unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s Concept of Humanity: behavior. Determinism VS. Free-Choice Traits – contribute to individual differences in behavior, Pessimism VS. Optimism consistency of behavior over time, and stability of Causality VS. Teleology behavior across situations. Conscious VS. Unconscious Biological VS. Social Influences Characteristics – are unique qualities of an individual Uniqueness VS. Similarities that include such attributes as temperament, physique, and intelligence. FREUD THEORY Freud was born on May 6, 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia which is now part of Czech Republic. This is a set of related assumptions that allows scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to The firstborn child of Jacob and Amalie Nathanson formulate testable hypotheses. Freud, although his father had two grown sons (Emanuel & Philipp) from a previous marriage. Theory and its Relatives: Has 7 other siblings, but Sigmund remained the 1. Philosophy - It is related to philosophy, but it is favorite of his young, indulgent mother – lifelong a much narrower term. confidence. 2. Speculation - Theories rely on speculation but they are much more than mere armchair A scholarly, serious-minded youth, Freud did not have speculation. They are closely tied to empirically a close friendship with his younger siblings. But he did gathered data and to science. enjoy a warm, indulgent relationship with his mother – 3. Hypothesis - Although theory is a narrower mother/son relationship. concept than philosophy, it is a broader term than hypothesis. A good theory is capable of When Freud was about a year and a half old, his generating many hypotheses. mother gave birth to a second son, Julius – that was a 4. Taxonomy - Taxonomy is a classification significant impact on Freud’s psychic development. He according to their natural relationships. It can was filled with hostility toward his younger brother and evolve into theories when they begin to harbored an unconscious wish for his death generate testable hypotheses and to explain research findings. PSYR213 - THEORIES OF PERSONALITY Theories of Personality BAP-2A | Mary Gabriellee R. Huliganga — Semester 1 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— In 1885, he received a traveling grant from the impetus, a source, an aim and an object. Drives University of Vienna and decided to study in Paris with originate from the id but they are under the control of the famous French neurologist, Jean-Martin Charcot, ego. from whom he learned the hypnotic technique in treating hysteria. Types of Instincts: Freud developed a close professional association and 1. Life instincts (Sex or Eros) – the aim is pleasure a personal friendship with Josef Breuer, from whom he but it is not limited to genital satisfaction. He learned catharsis – the process of removing hysterical believed that the entire body is invested in symptoms through “talking them out”. “libido”. All pleasurable activity is traceable to sexual drive. Sex can take many forms” While using catharsis he gradually and laboriously narcissism, love, sadism and masochism. discovered the free association technique. 2. Death Instincts (Aggression, distraction or Thanatos) – aim of this drive is to return to the With some reluctance, Breuer agreed to publish with inorganic state. The final aim is Freud Studies on Hysteria – psychical analysis and self-destructive. It can take into teasing, then the following year “psycho-analysis”. gossip, sarcasm, humiliation, etc. In the 1890s, he had begun to analyze his own dreams, LEVELS OF MENTAL LIFE and after the death of his father, he initiated the practice of analyzing himself daily. Conscious includes all the sensations and experiences of which we are aware at any given moment. He was middle-aged and had yet to achieve the fame he so passionately desired. Unconscious contains all those drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond our awareness but that Freud completed his greatest work, Interpretation of nevertheless motivate most of our words, feelings and Dreams, On Dreams, Psychopathology of Everyday Life, actions. Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality and Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious. Phylogenetic endowment – Freud believed that a portion of our unconscious originates He had 33 operations for cancer of the mouth. from the experiences of our early ancestors that have been passed on to us. Most of his deeply emotional relationships came to an unhappy end, and Freud often felt persecuted by his Preconscious contains all those elements that are not former friends and regarded them as enemies. conscious but can become conscious either quite readily or with some difficulty. DYNAMICS OF PERSONALITY PROVINCES OF THE MIND Drive - Freud used the German word “Trieb” to refer to a drive or a stimulus within the person – “instincts” or Id has no contact with reality, yet it strives constantly to “drives” or “impulse” reduce tension by satisfying basic desires; pleasure principle. Instincts are the motivating force that drives behavior and determines its direction. It is characterized by an PSYR213 - THEORIES OF PERSONALITY Theories of Personality BAP-2A | Mary Gabriellee R. Huliganga — Semester 1 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Ego is the region of the mind in contact with reality. It Repression Unconsciously Forgetting things grows out of the during infancy and becomes a removing an idea from a traumatic person's sole source of communication with the or feeling from event consciousness external world; reality principle. Suppression Consciously Putting aside Superego represents the moral and ideal aspects of removing an idea their emotion to or feeling from focus on personality and is guided by the moralistic and consciousness something else idealistic principles as opposed to the id (pleasure) and ego (reality). It grows out of the ego, and like the Regression Returning to an Couples doing earlier stage of baby talk to each ego it has no energy of its own development other Conscience - contains the behaviors for which Reaction An unacceptable Two people fight a child has been punished and where the guilt Formation impulse is all the time transformed into because they like comes from. its opposite each other Ego-Ideal - consists of the goods or correct behaviors for which children have been Projection Attribution of A man who is wishes, desires, cheating thinks punished. thoughts, or that his wife is emotions to cheating on him The inevitable friction between id, ego and superego, someone else where ego is severely strained; the demands of the real Rationalization Justification of Justifying their world prevent a direct, covert, unopposed fulfillment of attitudes, beliefs actions for others either sex or aggressions – create anxiety. or behaviors to look at it from a brighter light Sex and aggression share the center of Freudian Displacement Changing the Transferring your dynamic theory with the concept of anxiety target of an rage into emotion, while something else the feelings ANXIETY remain the same Sublimation Channeling of an Releasing Anxiety is a felt, affective, unpleasant state unacceptable frustration on impulse in a something more accompanied by a physical sensation that warns the socially productive person against impending danger. acceptable direction Three kinds of Anxiety: Neurotic Anxiety - apprehension about an PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGE unknown danger; originates from the id impulses. Moral Anxiety - (age of 5 & 6), an outgrowth of Oral - During this stage it is said that this is where we the conflict between realistic needs and the gain pleasure through the activity of the mouth. dictates of their superego. Movements like sucking the breast of our mothers Realistic Anxiety - closely related to fear; during feeding, eating baby foods that fuels our unpleasant, non specific feeling involving a energy, and biting whatever object we get ahold of, are possible danger. examples of oral activities that stimulate pleasure. PSYR213 - THEORIES OF PERSONALITY Theories of Personality BAP-2A | Mary Gabriellee R. Huliganga — Semester 1 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Anal - This stage focuses on the child’s bowel and THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUE bladder control. According to Freud, the child must be able to develop the skill of toilet training at this age, Goals: accompanied by the parents’ support and praise whenever their child manages to control their bowel Uncover repressed memories through free and bladder needs in order to gain a sense of association and dream analysis; capability and accomplishment Transforming what is unconscious to conscious; Phallic - In this stage, the primary focus of the libido Strengthen the ego to make it more would be on the genitals. In this stage, men begin to independent of the superego, to widen its field view their fathers as a rival and develop a desire to of perception and enlarge its organization – possess their mothers, a condition most commonly appropriate fresh portions of the id. known as Oedipus complex. Similarly, women also possess such feelings towards their father, known as Transference - strong sexual or aggressive feelings, the Electra complex. positive or negative, that patients develop toward their analyst during the course of treatment. Latency - In this stage, the libido of the child becomes suppressed, and the energy becomes re-allotted into Resistance - a variety of unconscious responses used other ventures such as forming connections with peers by patients to block their own progress in therapy, can outside of the family. be a positive sign – therapy has advanced beyond superficial material. Genital - This stage usually happens at the onset of puberty. In this final stage in puberty, the individual Free Association once again develops a strong desire towards the opposite sex. Patients are required to verbalize every thought that comes to their mind, no matter Anal triad – these are orderliness, stinginess and how irrelevant or repugnant it may appear. obstinacy that typifies the adult anal character. Dream Analysis Castration complex (castration anxiety) – Common to boys wherein they have feelings of ambivalence to To transform manifest content of a dream to play a role in this evolution that’s why they have the more important latent content. anxiety or the feeling of losing the penis. Manifest Content - surface meaning or the conscious description given by the dreamer. Penis envy – a powerful force in the formation of a Latent Content - refers to its unconscious girl's personality; it may last for years in one form or material. another.