TLE 9 ICT-Technical Drafting 9 Module 1 PDF

9 Draft Foundation Plans Learner’s Module in Technology and Livelihood Education ICT-Technical Drafting 9 Second Quarter Module 1 ARIEL L. MAYOCYOC Developer Department of Education Cordillera Administrative Region NAME:...

9 Draft Foundation Plans Learner’s Module in Technology and Livelihood Education ICT-Technical Drafting 9 Second Quarter Module 1 ARIEL L. MAYOCYOC Developer Department of Education Cordillera Administrative Region NAME: _________________________ GRADE AND SECTION: ____________ TEACHER: _____________________ SCORE: ________________________  Republic of the Philippines DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Cordillera Administrative Region SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BAGUIO CITY Military Cut-off, Baguio City Published by: DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City Curriculum Implementation Division COPYRIGHT NOTICE 2020 Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides: “No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.” This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12 Curriculum through the DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City - Curriculum Implementation Division (CID). It can be reproduced for educational purposes and the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, an enhancement or a supplementary work are permitted provided all original work is acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this material for commercial purposes and profit. i  PREFACE This module is a project of the DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City through the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID) which is in response to the implementation of the K to 12 Curriculum. This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education, Schools Division of Baguio City. It aims to help Grade 9 students improve their performance Technology and Home Economics specifically in ICT-Technical Drafting. Date of Development October 2020 Resource Location DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City Learning Area TLE Grade Level 9 Learning Resource Type Module Language English Quarter/Week Q2/W1 Learning Competency Code TLE_ICTTD9-12SL-IIIa-b-1 Learning Competency Draft foundation plans ii  ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The developer wishes to express his gratitude to those who helped in the development of this learning material. The fulfillment of this learning material would not be possible without them. The developer would like to thank his colleagues in Pines City National High School, particularly to the TLE teachers, for sharing their knowledge and expertise in the development of this learning resource. The developer would like to thank also the office of DepEd Division of Baguio City for giving the opportunity to teachers to discover their skills as module writers. Development Team Developer Ariel L. Mayocyoc Layout Artist Ariel L. Mayocyoc Illustrator Ariel L. Mayocyoc School Learning Resources Management Committee Whitney A. Dawayen Principal III Paul F. Colingan Head Teacher VI- TLE Geraldine D. Sumipit School LR Coordinator Quality Assurance Team Mary Jane N. Malihod EPS – EPP/TLE/TVL Lourdes B. Lomas-e, Ed.D. PSDS – District 6 Learning Resource Management Section Staff Loida C. Mangangey EPS – LRMDS Victor A. Fernandez Education Program Specialist II - LRMDS Christopher David G. Oliva Project Development Officer II – LRMDS Priscilla A. Dis-iw Librarian II Lily B. Mabalot Librarian I Ariel Botacion Admin. Assistant CONSULTANTS JULIET C. SANNAD, EdD Chief Education Supervisor – CID CHRISTOPHER BENIGNO Asst. Schools Division Superintendent MARIE CAROLYN B. VERANO, CESO V Schools Division Superintendent iii  TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS PAGE Copyright Notice.........................................................................................................i Preface...................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgement..................................................................................................... iii Table Of Contents..................................................................................................... iv What I Need To Know............................................................................................... 2 Specific Objectives:............................................................................................... 2 What I Know............................................................................................................. 3 Pre-Test................................................................................................................ 3 What’s In................................................................................................................... 5 Activity 1: Match Me.............................................................................................. 5 What’s New............................................................................................................... 6 What Is It.................................................................................................................. 6 What’s More............................................................................................................ 15 Activity 2: Grouping............................................................................................. 15 What I Have Learned.............................................................................................. 16 Activity 3. True Of False...................................................................................... 16 What I Can Do........................................................................................................ 17 Drawing Activity................................................................................................... 17 Assessment............................................................................................................ 21 Post-Test............................................................................................................. 21 Additional Activities................................................................................................. 23 Answer Key............................................................................................................. 24 References............................................................................................................. 25 iv  Draft Foundation Plans Learner’s Module in Technology and Livelihood Education ICT-Technical Drafting 9 Second Quarter Module 1 ARIEL L. MAYOCYOC Developer Department of Education Cordillera Administrative Region 1  What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the basic of drafting foundation plans. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. The lessons in this module is designed in a way that student may recognize the most appropriate design, proper locations in doing such foundation plans (wall footing and columns) and to be familiar to the different materials needed in making a concrete house or building foundations. This module is divided into the following parts, namely: - What I Need to Know - What’s More - What I Know - What I Have Learned - What’s In - What I can do - What’s New - Assessment - What is It - Additional Activities Below are the specific objectives of this module. Specific objectives: After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. define foundation; 2. explain what is laying out and staking; 3. differentiate excavation from backfilling; 4. determine the different types of foundation; 5. identify the foundation members and the kinds of footings; 6. draw foundation plans. 2  What I Know Let’s see how much you already know about drafting foundation plans. Please answer the pre-test below. Pre-test Direction. Read each statement and choose the best answer. Write only the letter of your chosen answer on the space provided before the number. _____ 1. Its function is to provide a level and uniformly distributet support for the house or building. a. columns b. walls c. foundation d. roof _____ 2. It is solely based on site investigation and the result of determining the soil surface and soil condition. a. foundation design c. foundation size b. foundation depth d. foundation materials _____ 3. It is the process of establishing the point of building outline or perimeter on the ground. a. laying out c. clearing operation b. laying out and staking d. staking _____ 4. These are wooden sticks or posts driven to the ground. a. stake b. batter board c. level transit d. cord _____ 5. This is a transparent and ¼”Ø filled with water to establish level of horizontal lines. a. stake b. cord c. level transit d. plastic water hose _____ 6. This is the process of moving earth, rock or other materials with tools, equipment or explosives before building foundations are created/place. a. backfilling b. excavation c. hilling-up d. digging _____ 7. The filling in of the excavated portion after the foundation has been laid out. a. backfilling b. excavation c. hilling-up d. digging _____ 8. Includes wall footing, and column footings, whether they are independent, or combined wherein digging of the soil extends to 1.50 meters. a. shallow excavation c. deep excavation b. backfilling d. cementing 3 _____ 9. This requires almost total extraction of the soil at the site. It is applied for large building projects. a. shallow excavation c. deep excavation b. backfilling d. cementing _____ 10. It includes all foundation types where the load is distributed into the soil by slender vertical members of timber, concrete or steel called piles. a. spread foundation c. slab foundation b. pier foundation d. T-foundation _____ 11. It is a solid slab of concrete poured directly on the ground with footings placed where extra support is needed. a. spread foundation c. slab foundation b. pier foundation d. T-foundation _____ 12. This is the portion of the foundation of a structure which directly distributes the weight of a building over large area. a. piers b. columns c. foundation walls d. footing _____ 13. Which carries the load of the building resting on the foundation? a. walls b. columns c. footings and columns d. footing _____ 14. It is a footing which supports a wall by extending along the entire length of the wall. a. continuous footing c. cantilever footing b. isolated footing d. wall footing _____ 15. A kind of footing that supports two column loads or sometimes three column loads not in a row. a. continuous footing c. raft or mat footing b. isolated footing d. combined footing 4  What’s In Recall what you have learned from your first quarter lessons on drafting architectural layout and details by accomplishing the activity below. Activity 1: Match me Direction. Match the kinds of architectural drawings in column A with their descriptions in column B by connecting the dots using straight lines. A B It is an orthographic projection drawing that shows the finished 1. site development appearance of a given side of the plan house and furnish vertical height dimensions 2. floor plan It is a drawing that shows the items located on the ceiling.. It depicts the general layout and configuration of the area, including 3. roof plan building footprints, parking and street layout, and conceptual landscaping and lighting. It illustrates the location of walls, windows, doors, and stairs, as well 4. ceiling plan as fixed installations such as bathroom fixtures, kitchen cabinetry, and appliances. It show the dimensions of the entire roof structure, including 5. elevation plan shape, size, design and placement of all materials, ventilation, drainage, slopes, valleys and more. 5  What’s New It is said that every structure needs a foundation. But what is the function of the foundation? The function of a foundation is to provide a level and uniformly distribute support for the structure. The foundation must be strong enough to support and distribute the load of the structure. The basic principles of constructing building foundation are the same, regardless of the situation. The methods and materials used in constructing foundation vary greatly in different parts of the country and are continually changing. In addition, the structural members of the foundation vary according to the design and size of the foundation. The knowledge brought about by the science of soil mechanics confirms that rock beds are the most stable medium for foundations. Practically, the soil where the building stands, serves as the foundation, although it is weaker than any other construction material. To be able to carry satisfactorily the load of the building, the steel and other materials used, as foundation is needed to transmit these loads to the soil. What is It Foundation is the part of the building below the surface of the ground which is sometimes called the substructure. Footing is an expansion at the lower end of a wall, pier or column to distribute the load into the ground. Design of Foundation The design of a foundation is solely based on site investigation. It is the result of determining the soil surface and the condition of the soil. The topography of the surface has to be considered prior to construction, as this might affect the construction investigation. A site with a uniform condition is less likely to require extensive investigation as a site for big projects. Drilling is the most suitable way of determining soil condition. Sample of soil extracted from the site is examined as to its consistency and relative density. The area bored or drilled is called test pits. There are varied kinds of boring methods and equipment as there are varied methods of soil testing. 6 The National Building Code requires a sole bearing capacity of the soil at 2ft. per ton or less than twice the maximum bearing capacity desired for use. To transmit the building load to the soil is the purpose of a foundation, without overloading or over stressing the soil. A structural foundation performs properly if the soil also behaves properly. For the building to last, its foundation should be designed for the worst times. Laying-Out and Staking The process of establishing the point of building outline or perimeter on the ground is known to be laying-out and staking. Prior to construction this process is done which includes demolition (of structures within the area), clearing and establishing building measurement on the ground. Before a foundation for a construction begins, the perimeter of the house or building should be laid out on the ground. Laying-out and Staking. Mario S. Gregorio, Alexander M. Latoga, Mirasol F. Dasig, Ariel F. Maglalang, Conrado C. Casulla, Rolando V. Inay and Percival Magaway. 2009. Competency-Based Learning Material: Drafting Technology. Marikina City. 7  The materials and tools used in laying out are the following: 1. Stake – are wooden sticks or post driven to the ground. 2. Batter Boards – are wood stick nailed horizontally to the stake. 3. Level transit - is for establishing reference point. 4. Plastic water hose - which is transparent and ¼”Ø filled with water to establish level of horizontal lines. 5. String or cord - for connecting established point. Excavation and Backfilling Excavation work in construction of residences is of two categories namely, the shallow excavation and the deep excavation. 1. Shallow excavation - includes wall footing, and column footings, whether they are independent, or combined wherein digging of the soil extends to 1.50 meters. Shallow Excavation. Mario S. Gregorio, Alexander M. Latoga, Mirasol F. Dasig, Ariel F. Maglalang, Conrado C. Casulla, Rolando V. Inay and Percival Magaway. 2009. Competency-Based Learning Material: Drafting Technology. Marikina City 8  2. Deep excavation - is for large building projects as this requires almost total extraction of the soil at the site. This requires sheeting and shoring of the ground to project adjoining properties. The process is defined as providing temporary support to the structure or ground during excavation. Deep Excavation. Mario S. Gregorio, Alexander M. Latoga, Mirasol F. Dasig, Ariel F. Maglalang, Conrado C. Casulla, Rolando V. Inay and Percival Magaway. 2009. Competency-Based Learning Material: Drafting Technology. Marikina City Backfilling on the one hand is the filling in of the excavated portion after the foundation has been laid out. Types of foundations 1. Spread Foundation - includes all those types where the load is distributed into the soil by slender vertical members of timber, concrete or steel called piles. 2. Pier Foundation - is one where the load is distributed into the soil by slender vertical members of timber, concrete, or steel called piles. It is in this foundation where concrete piers are carried down through the soil of inadequate bearing power until a satisfactory foundation bed is reached. 9 3. Slab Foundation - is a solid slab of concrete poured directly on the ground with footings placed where extra support is needed. 4. T- Foundation - consists of a footing upon which is placed a concrete wall or a concrete block wall forming an inverted T and foundation is popular in structures with basement. 10  5. Mat Foundation - assembles a mat in that the foundation is spread over the entire area of the building floor. Mat Foundation. Mario S. Gregorio, Alexander M. Latoga, Mirasol F. Dasig, Ariel F. Maglalang, Conrado C. Casulla, Rolando V. Inay and Percival Magaway. 2009. Competency-Based Learning Material: Drafting Technology. Marikina City Foundation Members The structural members of the foundation vary according to the design and size of the foundation 1. Footing – is a portion of the foundation of a structure which directly distributes the weight of a building over large area. Concrete is commonly used for footings because it can be poured to maintain a firm contact with the supporting soil. 2. Foundation walls - the function of the foundation wall is to support the load of the building above the ground line and to transmit the weight of the house to the footing. 3. Piers and Columns - are vertical members usually made of concrete, brick, steel or wood. They are used to support the floor systems and can be used as sole support of the structure. Footings and columns carry the load of the building resting on the foundation. 11 Kinds of Footings 1. Wall footing - is a footing which supports a wall by extending along the entire length of the wall. 2. Isolated footing - is one which supports a single column, post, pier or other concentrated load. 3. Combined footing - is one which supports two column loads or sometimes three column loads not in a row. 12 4. Cantilever footing - is one which supports two column loads and consists of two footings connected together by a beam often called a strap. 13  5. Continuous footing - is one which supports a row of three or more columns. 6. Raft or mat footing - is one which extends under the entire building area and supports all the wall and column loads from the building. Raft or Mat Foundation. Mario S. Gregorio, Alexander M. Latoga, Mirasol F. Dasig, Ariel F. Maglalang, Conrado C. Casulla, Rolando V. Inay and Percival Magaway. 2009. Competency-Based Learning Material: Drafting Technology. Marikina City 14 7. Trapezoidal footing What’s More Activity 2: Grouping Direction. Group the words in columns B according to their correct groupings. Write the words that you see in column B in their correct group in column A. A B Trapezoidal Materials and tools Plastic water hose used in laying out Spread foundation Footing Level transit Categories of Piers and columns excavation String Batter board Deep T-foundation Types of foundation Foundation walls Cantilever Slab foundation Shallow Kinds of footing Continuous Stake Wall footing Isolated Foundation Combined members Mat foundation Raft/mat footing 15  What I Have Learned Let’s see how much you have learned after studying all the topics presented by accomplishing the activity below. Activity 3. True of false Direction. Read and understand each statement and determine whether the statement is correct or not. If you think the statement is correct, write the word TRUE. If you think the statement if not correct write the word FALSE. __________1. Foundation is the part of the building below the surface of the ground which is sometimes called the substructure. __________2. Footing is part of the foundation. __________3. The topography of the surface does not affect the type and design of foundation. __________4. For the building to last, its foundation should be designed for the worst times. __________5. After construction laying out and staking is done. __________6. To establish level of horizontal lines, level transit is used. __________7. If deep excavation is applied, sheeting and shoring of the ground to project adjoining properties is required. __________8. It is in pier foundation where concrete piers are carried down through the soil of inadequate bearing power until a satisfactory foundation bed is reached. __________9. The portion of the foundation which directly distributes the weight of a building over large area is the footing. __________10. Combined footing is one which supports a row of three or more columns. 16  What I Can Do Drawing Activity Direction. There are three drawings presented to you here, examine each of the drawings given. Drawing A is a floor plan of an single storey house. Drawing B is the foundation plan of the same house represented by Drawing A. Examine the location and position of the foundation walls and footings in relation to Drawing A. Drawing C is a floor plan of another single storey house. Examine the location of the columns. Your task: Draw a foundation plan of the single storey house represented by Drawing C. Drawing B will be your example. Use the scale 1:100, which means that 1centimeter in your drawing paper is equivalent to 1 meter in the actual. Good luck! Follow this procedure: 1. Locate position of wall footings, columns and column footings on the Floor Plan. 2. Indicate sizes of columns and footings to be used based on accepted architectural and structural requirements (in this case we may simply assume). 3. Indicate width and thickness of wall footings. 4. Draw outlines of footings and columns based on accepted architectural drawing practices. 5. Finalize the drawing by adding dimensions and labels. Tools and Materials a. drawing table or any flat surface b. sharp pencil (medium), eraser and sharpener c. ruler and triangles d. clean short bond paper (landscape) 17  Drawing A FLOOR PLAN 18  Drawing B Foundation Wall Column Footings 19 Drawing C 20  Scoring Rubrics Criteria Score Accuracy Neatness Lettering/Labeling TOTAL SCORE Accuracy 30 pts - the output is accurately done 25 pts - two to five errors are observed on the output 20 pts. - six to ten errors are observed on the output Neatness 10 pts. - has no visible erasures and unnecessary marks 8 pts - has two to three erasures or unnecessary marks 6 pts - has four or more erasures or unnecessary marks Lettering/Labeling 10 pts. - all pieces of information are completely indicated and legibly printed. 8 pts. - all pieces of information are legibly printed but some are missing. 6 pts. - all pieces of information are legibly printed but some are missing and misspelled. 4 pts. - all pieces of information are not legibly printed and words are missing and misspelled. Assessment Post-test Read each statement and choose the best answer. Write only the letter of your chosen answer on the space provided before the number. _____ 1. It is solely based on site investigation and the result of determining the soil surface and soil condition. a. foundation design c. foundation size b. foundation depth d. foundation materials _____ 2. Its function is to provide a level and uniformly distributed support for the house or building. a. columns b. walls c. foundation d. roof 21 _____ 3. These are wooden sticks or posts driven to the ground. a. stake b. batter board c. level transit d. cord _____ 4. It is the process of establishing the point of building outline or perimeter on the ground. a. laying out c. clearing operation b. laying out and staking d. staking _____ 5. This is the process of moving earth, rock or other materials with tools, equipment or explosives before building foundations are created/place. a. backfilling b. excavation c. hilling-up d. digging _____ 6. This is a transparent and ¼”Ø filled with water to establish level of horizontal lines. a. stake b. cord c. level transit d. plastic water hose _____ 7. Includes wall footing, and column footings, whether they are independent, or combined wherein digging of the soil extends to 1.50 meters. a. shallow excavation c. deep excavation b. backfilling d. cementing _____ 8. The filling in of the excavated portion after the foundation has been laid out. a. backfilling b. excavation c. hilling-up d. digging _____ 9. This is the portion of the foundation of a structure which directly distributes the weight of a building over large area. a. piers b. columns c. foundation walls d. footing _____ 10. It is a solid slab of concrete poured directly on the ground with footings placed where extra support is needed. a. spread foundation c. slab foundation b. pier foundation d. T-foundation _____ 11. It includes all foundation types where the load is distributed into the soil by slender vertical members of timber, concrete or steel called piles. a. spread foundation c. slab foundation b. pier foundation d. T-foundation _____ 12. Which carries the load of the building resting on the foundation? a. walls b. columns c. footings and columns d. footing _____ 13. This requires almost total extraction of the soil at the site. It is applied for large building projects. a. shallow excavation c. deep excavation b. backfilling d. cementing 22 _____ 14. A kind of footing that supports two column loads or sometimes three column loads not in a row. a. continuous footing c. raft or mat footing b. isolated footing d. combined footing _____ 15. It is a footing which supports a wall by extending along the entire length of the wall. a. continuous footing c. cantilever footing b. isolated footing d. wall footing Additional Activities A. Directions. Read and understand each item carefully. Identify what is asked/ described and write it on a separate sheet of paper. 1. A footing which supports a wall. 2. The part of the building below the surface of the ground. 3. A footing which supports a single column. 4. A kind of foundation wherein concrete is poured directly to the ground with footings placed where extra support is needed. 5. A wall that supports or carries a load. B. Directions. Enumerate the following and write the answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Enumerate the five (5) classes of footings according to load. 2. What are the five (5) types of foundations? 23  24 Pre-test What’s in 1. C Activity 1 2. A A B 3. B 4. A 1. 5. D 2. 6. B 7. A 3. 8. A 9. C 4. 10. B 5. 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. D What I have learned Activity 2 Activity 3 Plastic water hose, level transit, 1. true string, batterboard, stake 2. true Deep, shallow 3. false Spread foundation, T-foundation, 4. true Mat foundation 5. false Trapezoidal, continuous, wall 6. false footing, isolated, combined, raft/mat 7. true footing 8. true Footing, pier & colums, foundation 9. true walls 10. false Post-test Additional Activities 1. a A. 2. c 1. wall footing 3. a 2. foundation 4. b 3. isolated footing 5. b 4. mat foundation 6. d 5. foundation walls 7. a B. 8. a 1. 2. 9. d wall T 10. c isolated Slab 11. b combined Mat 12. b continuous Pier 13. c cantilever Spread 14. d 15. d Answer Key  References Gregorio. Mario S., Alexander M. Latoga, Mirasol F. Dasig, Ariel F. Maglalang, Conrado C. Casulla, Rolando V. Inay and Percival Magaway. 2009. Competency-Based Learning Material: Drafting Technology. Marikina City. https://www.slideshare.net/loreinmay/drafting-technology-y3.0 Self-Help Construction of 1-Story Building: Appendices: Step-by-step directions for drawing foundation plans. Collections.infocollections.org. http://collections.infocollections.org/ukedu/uk/d/Jm0006e/9.2.html Revereschools.org. https://www.revereschools.org/cms/lib/OH01001097/Centricity/Domain/64/arch %20II-10-lesson-THE%20FOUNDATION%20PLAN.pdf 25 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education-Cordillera Administrative Region Schools Division of Baguio City No. 82 Military Cut-off Road, Baguio City Telefax: 442-7819 Email Address: [email protected] Social Media: faceboof.com/DepEdTayoBaguioCity