TLE - EIM IA PDF

**ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE**temp\_0.jpg **ELECTRICAL HAND TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT** - **DEFINITION OF TERMS**: 1. **Electrical**-- relating to electricity 2. **Hand Tools**-- anything that is held in the hand or hands to assist a person in doing manual work 3. **Equipment**-...

**ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE**temp\_0.jpg **ELECTRICAL HAND TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT** - **DEFINITION OF TERMS**: 1. **Electrical**-- relating to electricity 2. **Hand Tools**-- anything that is held in the hand or hands to assist a person in doing manual work 3. **Equipment**- any machine powered by electricity or for protection 4. **Materials**- consumable 5. **Tool Kit**- a small bag or box equipped with hand tools 6. **Splicing**- connecting two lengths of conductor, to join ropes or wires by weaving or twisting them together 7. **Stripping**-- removing the insulation of connecting wires 8. **Ampere** - a unit of measure of electric current 9. **Circuit** - the path of electric current from the source to the components and goes back to the source 10. **Kilowatt** - a unit of power which is equivalent to 1000w 11. **Conductor** - a wire or a cord which provides path for current flow 12. **Resistance** - the quality of electric current measured in ohms that resist the flow of current 13. **Hot wire** - a wire through which current flows 14. **Insulator** -- material used to cover electric wires which may be made from plastic, rubber, or asbestos. 15. **Tools** - are implements used to modify raw materials for human use 16. **Corrugated plastic conduit (CPC)** - commonly known as flexible non-metallic conduit or the "moldflex" 17. **Metallic Conduits**- metal raceways that was classified into four; rigid steel conduit (RSC), intermediate metallic conduit or tubing (IMC or IMT), electrical metallic conduit or tubing (EMC or EMT) and the flexible metallic conduit (FMC) 18. **Non-metallic conduits**- plastic conduits or raceways designed to be a channel of wire that are classified as; rigid non-metallic conduit or the PVC, the flexible nonmetallic or CPC, and the surface plastic molding 19. **Connectors and Adapters** - accessories that are used to connect from boxes to conduits or raceways to the other boxes in the electrical system **BASIC ELECTRICAL HAND TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT** I. **DRIVING TOOLS** **SCREW DRIVERS**. These tools are made of steel hardened and tempered at the tip used to loosen or tighten screws with slotted heads. They come in various sizes and shapes. Types of Screwdriver a\. **Standard/Flat Screw driver**- The blade tip is wedge-shaped and resembles c\. **Stubby Screw Driver**. It comes in either Standard or Philips screw driver with short shank or blade and a shorted handle used to turn screws in tight space where standard screw driver cannot be used.  **II. STRIKING TOOLS** **HAMMERS**. These are tools used in driving or pounding and pulling out nails. They are made of hard steel, wood, plastic or rubber. The following are types of hammer:  +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | a\. **Claw Hammer** | **b. Mallet (Rubber Head)** | | | | | | **c. Ballpeen Hammer** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **III.SPLICING/GRIPPING/HOLDING TOOLS** **A. Pliers**-These made from metal with insulators in the handle and are used for cutting, twisting, bending, holding, and gripping wires and cables. 1\. **Combination Pliers** (Lineman's Pliers). This is used for gripping, holding, and cutting electrical wires and cables and even small nails. They are usually used by linemen in doing heavy tasks. 2\. **Side Cutting Pliers**. This type of pliers is used for cutting fine, medium and big wires and cables.  3\. **Long Nose Pliers**. This is used for cutting and holding fine wires. This can reach tight space or small opening where other pliers cannot reach and also used in making terminal loops of copper wires.  **IV. CUTTING TOOLS** a\. **Electrician's Knife**. This is used by linemen to remove insulation of wire and cables in low and high voltage transmission lines. **V. BORING TOOLS** a\. **Portable Electric drill**. A small drilling machine with a chuck capacity of 1/4 to 3/8 inch. It is used in making holes on metal sheets and concrete walls. **VI. SOLDERING TOOLS** a\. **Soldering Iron** - it is used to solder connecting wires. c\. **Soldering Tool Stand** -- a place where the soldering iron is placed during usage. **VII. MEASURING TOOLS**  b\. **Pull-Push Rule** - measuring tool used to measure the length of an object in centimeter and inches  d\. **Wire Gauge** - used in determining the size of wires/conductors. The gauge ranges from 0 to 60 awg (American wire gauge). **VIII. OTHER TOOLS**  b\. **Flat file** -- used for removing burrs in conduits.  **ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENT/ EQUIPMENT** a. **Ammeter** -- an instrument used to measure the amount of electrical current intensity in a circuit. The unit of measure is ampere (a). It is connected along or series to the circuit. c\. **Voltmeter** -- an instrument used to measure electrical pressure or voltage of a circuit. The unit of measure is volt (v). This is connected across or parallel to the circuit. e\. **Multimeter or Multi-tester** -- It is an electrical device that measure voltage, current and resistance  g\. **Test Light** -- a pocket- sized tool used to test the presence of current in a line wire or circuit. **ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES AND MATERIALS** **Electrical materials** are developed and constructed for a special purpose such as to: **THE MOST COMMONLY USED ELECTRICAL MATERIALS** **1.** **Convenience outlet**- a device that acts as a convenient source of electrical energy for current consuming appliances. It is where the male plug of an appliance is inserted and usually fastened on the wall or connected in an extension cord. It maybe single, duplex, triplex or multiplex and could be surface type or flush type. **Surface Type** **Flush Type** ------------------------ ------------------------    **2**. **Male plug**- a device inserted to a convenience outlet to conduct electric current. A flat cord is attached to it on one end and the other end is connected to a current consuming instrument or appliance. **3. Lamp holders**- devices that hold and protect the lamp and are also called as "Lamp Sockets/Receptacles". These come in many designs and sizes. They are classified as flush, hanging (weather proof/chain) and surface types. **Four Types of Lamp Holder** +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Flush Type |  | (chain) | 40.png) | | | | | | | | Surface Type | | Hanging Type | | | | | (weather) | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ **4. Switch** - a device that connects and disconnects the flow of electric current in a circuit. There are many shapes, designs, and types and they are classified as hanging, flush, and surface types. **Types of Switch** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Flush Type |  | | | | | | | | Surface Type | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **5. Fuse** - a circuit protective device that automatically blows and cut the current when and over load or short circuit happens. **Types of Switch** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ |  | | ) | | | | | | Knife Blade | | Plug Type | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+  **6. Circuit Breaker** - a protective device used to automatically blows and cuts the current when trouble in the circuit such as short circuit or overload occurs. **7. Junction Box** - an octagonal shaped electrical material where the connections or joints of wires are being done. It is also where the flush type lamp holder is attached. This could be made of metal or plastic (PVC) Polyvinylchloride.  **8. Utility Box** - a rectangular shaped metallic or plastic (PVC) material in which flush type convenience outlet and switch are attached. **9. Flat Cord**- Is a duplex stranded wire used for temporary wiring installation and commonly used in extension cord assembly. It comes in a roll of 150 meters and with sizes of gauge \# 18 and gauge \#16 awg (American wire gauge). **10. Electrical Wire/Conductor**- electrical material that could be: +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ |  |  | | | | | Stranded Wire | Solid Wire | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **11. Conduits/Pipes**- electrical materials used as the passage of wires for protection and insulation. These could be rigid metallic, flexible metallic conduit (FMC), rigid nonmetallic (PVC), and flexible non-metallic or corrugated plastic conduit (CPC). +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ |  | Nonmetallic PVC | 50.png) | Plastic Conduit | | | | | | | Metallic | | Flexible | | | Conduit | | Metallic | | | | | Conduit | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+  **12. Clamps**- electrical materials used to hold and anchor electrical conduits in its proper position. **13. Connectors**- used to attach metallic or non-metallic conduit to the junction or utility boxes. **14.** **Condulets** -- These are used for a fitting resembling a pipe or box with a removable cover for access to electric conduits. **15. Fasteners** -- used to fasten the conduits on walls or other framing parts.