Thorax and Upper Limb Anatomy PDF

Thorax, Upper Limb  Thorax Skeleton Sternum Ribs Thoracic Vertebrae  Sternum Manubrium Body Xiphoid process Notches (incisurae): Costal (incisurae costales) Clavicular (incisurae claviculares) Jugular (incisura jugularis)  II rib attaches to the...

Thorax, Upper Limb  Thorax Skeleton Sternum Ribs Thoracic Vertebrae  Sternum Manubrium Body Xiphoid process Notches (incisurae): Costal (incisurae costales) Clavicular (incisurae claviculares) Jugular (incisura jugularis)  II rib attaches to the sternal angle Sternal Puncture Sternal Anomalies Normal Excavatum Carinatum  Ribs (costae) True ribs (I-VII) - vertebrosternal False ribs (VIII-X) - vertebrochondral Floating ribs (XI-XII)- vertebral  Anatomy of the rib Head (caput)-articular surface, crest (II-X) Neck (collum) Tubercle Body Angle – the weakest site Groove (sulcus) – for the neurovasculature I rib: sulcus arteriae et venae subclaviae tuberculum m. scaleni anterioris II rib: tuberositas m. serrati anterioris First and second ribs  Thoracic inlet and outlet (aperturae) Superio r Inferior  Cervical Rib Superior aperture syndrome Brachial plexus compression Subclavian artery compression  Bones of the upper limb Girdle – clavicle, scapula Humerus Radius and ulna Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges  Clavicle Acromial end Conoid tubercle Trapezoid line Sternal end Costoclavicular impression Shaft S-shaped Subclavian groove  Clavicular fracture Upward pull of the proximal segment by the sternocleidomastoid muscle Downward pull of the distal fragment by the weight of the upper limb  Scapula Surfaces Costal – subscapular fossa Dorsal - crest, supraspinous and infraspinous fossae Processes coracoid process, acromion Borders medial, lateral and superior Angles superior inferior lateral - glenoid cavity Scapula  Humerus Proximal epiphysis Head, Tubercles (greater, lesser), necks (anatomical, surgical) Shaft Radial groove Deltoid tuberosity Distal epiphysis Condyle and epicondyles Trochlea, capitulum Coronoid, radial and ulnar fossae Long head of Biceps muscle – into the intertubercular Humeral fractures Fracture’s location?  Radius Proximal epiphysis Head, neck, circumferentia articularis Shaft Radial tuberosiry Borders (anterior, posterior, interosseus) and surfaces (anterior, posterior, lateral) Distal epiphysis Styloid process Carpal articular surface Ulnar notch  Colle’s fracture Transverse fracture through the distal 2 cm of the radius Results from a fall on an outstretched hand Distal segment of bone is displaced dorsally and proximally Styloid process appears proximal to the styloid of the ulna “dinner fork” deformity  Ulna Proximal epiphysis Olecranon, coronoid process, trochlear notch, radial notch Shaft Ulnar tuberosity Borders (anterior, posterior, interosseus) and surfaces (anterior, posterior, medial) Distal epiphysis Head Styloid process  Monteggia fracture Ulnar fracture Radial dislocation  Galeazzi fracture Radial fracture Ulnar dislocation  Skeleton of the hand Carpal bones Proximal row – scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform Distal row – trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate Metacarpals Base, body, head Phalanges Base, body, head  Lunate dislocation oves toward the palmar surface n compress structures of the carpal tunnel Scaphoid fracture Hand fractures “Boxer”-s fracture Phalangeal fractures Thank you for attention!