The Wonderful Wizard of Oz as a Fable of Modern America PDF

“The Wonderful Wizard of OZ” as a Fable of Modern America Service encouraged the notion that all men, women, and children ought to be treated as individuals with their own interests, needs, and desires. Everyone merited satisfaction and contentment. In this respect, consumption and service endor...

“The Wonderful Wizard of OZ” as a Fable of Modern America Service encouraged the notion that all men, women, and children ought to be treated as individuals with their own interests, needs, and desires. Everyone merited satisfaction and contentment. In this respect, consumption and service endorsed the democratic and utopian possibilities inherent in the American way of life, suggesting that the happiness, the welfare, and even the dreams of all persons, including little orphan girls from Kansas, were within easy reach. (중략) Young Dorothy arrives in Oz with a flourish when a terrible cyclone carries away the Kansas farm-house where she lives with her Aunt Em and Uncle Henry and deposits it "in the midst of a country of marvelous beauty." Almost immediately, trouble ensues. The house has fallen on the wicked Witch of the East, killing her. By pure accident, an impersonal Nature, which, in one instance, has revealed its indifference to human well-being, has, in the next, brought about unexpected benefits. For, as Dorothy soon learns, the Witch of the East has kept the Munchkins, the little people, "in bondage for many years, making them slave for her night and day. Now they are set free," and they are grateful to Dorothy "for the flavour." On her journey to the Emerald City, where she hopes to meet the Wizard of Oz who will help her return to Kansas, Dorothy encounters others who have either fallen victim to the dreadful wrath of Witch of the East or who suffer as a result of her power. Embodying the small farmer, the Scarecrow displays a tenacious sense of self-doubt and inferiority. In realty, the Scarecrow is intelligent, perceptive, and even wise. Yet, he labors under the illusion that he is ignorant, foolish, and stupid, and thus powerless to improve his condition. Similarly, the Tin Woodman, once an independent worker, endures the direct consequences of the witch's curse. Each time he swings his axe. he severs another part of his body until tin has gradually replaced flesh and bone. The harder - 1 - he has worked, the more damage he has done to himself. By the time Dorothy and the Scarecrow happen upon him, nothing of his former humanity remains. Thinking himself now more machine than man, and impervious even to the most basic emotions, the Tin Woodman has rusted in the rain. Paralyzed, standing in the same place for a year, going nowhere, he, like the Scarecrow, thinks he can do nothing to better his lot. It seems that the arcane, and often dishonest financial arrangements and banking practices, which for Baum constituted the eastern witchcraft, to say nothing of mechanization itself, have dehumanized and, in the end, destroyed, the once self-reliant American working man. (중략) Throughout the novel, Dorothy wears the silver shoes that she has removed from the feet of the Wicked Witch of the East. It is, of course, also no accident that Dorothy travels along the Yellow Brick Road. In the Land of Oz, as in heaven, the streets are literally paved with gold. Innocent and guideless, she does not realize the marvelous power that the silver shoes have granted to her. Of their magical properties, Dorothy remains unaware. Near the end of the book, Glinda, the Good Witch of the North, who has protected Dorothy during her sojourn in the Land of Oz, tells her: "Your Silver Shoes will carry you over the desert…. If you had known their power you could have gone back home to your Aunt Em the very first day you came to this country." Dorothy did not know, and so must see her ordeal through to the end. (중략) As the prevailing interpretation of the novel suggests, the moral of the story seems to be that the characters, like all Americans, carry within themselves the solutions to their own problems, if only they had the knowledge, fortitude, and confidence to implement them. At the same time, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz operates on a deeper cultural, ideological, and psychological level, enabling Baum to introduce into his apparently populist fairy tale an optimistic vision of modern America that affirmed the priorities and values of an emerging urban social order and a burgeoning consumer - 2 - economy. - 3 - 여의도 여고 2학년 학교 프린트 단어 contentment : 만족 satisfaction : 만족 gratification: 만족 discontentment: 불만, 불평 content : 만족하는, 내용, 목차, 콘텐츠, 함유량, 만족시키다(=satisfy, meet, gratify) contend : 싸우다 다투다 contend with : ~와 다투다, 싸우다 treat A as B A를 B로 여기다. desires= appetites= wants=needs 욕구 merit: 가치, 장점, ~을 받을만하다, 가치가 있다 deserve: ~을 받을만하다 in this respect= in this regard 이러한 관점에서 regard , respect : 관점, 측면, 고려 utopian: 이상적인(=idealistic,idealized,ideal,impracticable,romantic, visionary,unrealistic) endorse : 지지하다(= support) inherent : 내재하는(=innate, built-in, inborn, ingrained, implicit, characteristic, inseparable, natural) within easy reach: 쉽게 닿을 수 있는 be within easy reach: 쉽게 닿을 수 있다 with a flourish : 화려하게, 성대하게 cyclone: 사이클론, 열대성저기압, 회오리바람. carry away: 휩쓸다 - 4 - flourish : 번성하다, 화려함, 화려한 꾸밈 deposit~을 (어떤 장소에) 놓다,내리다 immediately 즉시 (=at once, right away, instantly) wicked 사악한 ensue: 뒤따라 일어나다= befall, follow by pure accident: 순전히 우연히 impersonal: 인간미가 없는, 비정한, 냉정한(=cold, indifferent, impartial, unbiased, aloof, disinterested) bring something about =bring about something 야기시키다= lead to N, result in N hold (keep)~in bondage:속박하다, 구속하다, 노예로 만들다= enslave=subjugate, oppress, restrict bondage: 구속, 속박 night and day 밤낮으로 set free 자유롭게 해주다 be set free 자유로운 몸이 되다= be set at liberty= be liberated grateful 감사하는 be grateful for ~에 대해서 감사히 여기다 favor :은혜, 호의 on one’s journey to ~로 가는 여정 중에,~로 향하는 과정중에 return to N~로 돌아가다 encounter 우연히 만나다(=meet by chance, come into contact with, run into, come across, run across, chance on(upon), happen upon fall victim to N : ~의 희생자가 되다 dreadful : 무서운 wrath: 분노, 격노 - 5 - as a result of ~의 결과로 suffer : 고통받다 embody: 상징하다, 구현하다=represent, stand for, symbolize, tenacious: 오래 지속하는, 끈질긴, 고집하는 =persistent, stubborn, obstinate self-doubt: 자기 회의, 자기에 대한 의심 inferiority: 열등감 superiority: 우월감 in reality 현실적으로는, 실제로는 = in fact, really, actually, in truth, as a matter of fact, in actuality intelligent 지능이 있는, 지적인=intellectual= wise labor 노동, 노동을 하다, 일을 하다 illusion: 환상, 오해, 착각 tin: 주석, 깡통 woodman: 나무꾼 perceptive 지각력이 있는, 통찰력이 날카로운 (=sharp, keen) endure: 견디다 curse 저주 direct: 직접적인 indirect: 간접적인 swing: 휘두르다 axe : 도끼 sever: 자르다, ~을 절단하다 replace 대체하다 do damage to ~에게 손해를 입히다, - 6 - former: 이전의 humanity: 인간성 impervious to ~에 영향받지 않는 (immune to , invulnerable to, insusceptible to, unaffected by, untouched by, not susceptible to , unmoved by) rust : 녹슬다 paralyze: 마비시키다 better :~을 개선하다, 향상시키다(=improve) lot: 운, 운명, 숙명 arcane: 불가사의한 dishonest:부정직한 financial arrangement: 재정적협정 banking practice: 은행관행 constitute: ~을 구성하다 eastern: ~동쪽의 witchcraft: 마술, 마법 to say nothing of ~은 말할 것도 없고 (= let alone, much less, not to speak of) mechanization : 기계화 dehumanize : 비인간화하다 in the end: 결국, 마침내 destroy : 파괴하다 self-reliant : 자립의 remove A from B B로부터 A를 제거하다 It is no accident 우연이 아니다. - 7 - literally 말그대로 be paved with ~으로 포장되다 innocent 순진한 guileless 순진한 see through ~을 끝까지 해내다, 버티어 내다 ordeal : 시련, 고난 (adversity, hardship) prevailing: 지배적인, 만연한 interpretation: 해석 moral : 교훈, 도덕, 주제 fortitude: 용기(=courage, bravery, strength) confidence: 자신감 implement : 실행하다 at the same time : 동시에 ( = simultaneously) Ideological : 이데올로기적, 관념적인 apparently: 분명히, 겉보기에 populist : 포퓰리즘적인, 대중적인 optimistic: 낙관적인 pessimistic: 염세적인, 회의적인 vision : 선견, 예측, 통찰력 affirm : 확인하다, 긍정하다 priority: 우선순위 emerging : 신흥의 urban : 도시의 - 8 - burgeoning: 급성장하는 해석본 “오즈의 마법사”를 현대 미국의 우화로 해석하다 서비스는 모든 남성, 여성, 어린이가 각각의 관심사, 필요, 욕구를 가진 개별적인 존재로 대우받아야 한다는 개념을 장려했다. 모든 사람은 만족과 행복을 누릴 자격이 있었다. 이러한 점에서 소비와 서비스는 미국식 삶 의 방식에 내재된 민주적이고 이상적인 가능성을 지지하며, 캔자스의 어린 고아 소녀를 포함한 모든 사람들의 행복, 복지, 심지어 꿈조차 쉽게 성취할 수 있음을 시사했다. 어린 도로시는 끔찍한 회오리바람이 그녀가 이모 엠(Aunt Em)과 삼촌 헨리(Uncle Henry)와 함께 살던 캔자스 농가를 날려버리고, 그것을 "놀랍도록 아름다운 나라 한가운데"에 내려놓으면서 오즈에 화려하게 도착한다. 곧 바로 문제가 발생한다. 그 집이 동쪽의 사악한 마녀 위로 떨어져 그녀를 죽인 것이다. 순전히 우연히, 인간의 안녕에 무관심한 자연이 한 순간에는 이를 드러내더니, 다음 순간에는 예상치 못한 혜택을 가져왔다. 도로시 는 곧 동쪽 마녀가 "오랫동안 그들을 노예로 삼아 밤낮으로 일하게 만들었던" 먼치킨(작은 사람들)을 억압해 왔다는 사실을 알게 된다. 이제 그들은 자유를 얻었고, 도로시에게 "감사"를 표한다. 도로시는 캔자스로 돌아갈 수 있도록 도와줄 오즈의 마법사를 만나기 위해 에메랄드 시로 향하는 여정에서, 동쪽 마녀의 끔찍한 분노의 희생자가 되었거나 그녀의 권력으로 고통받는 다른 사람들을 만난다. 소농을 상징 하는 허수아비는 고집스러울 정도로 자아 의심과 열등감을 드러낸다. 실제로 허수아비는 지적이고 통찰력이 있으며 심지어 지혜롭기까지 하다. 그러나 그는 자신이 무지하고 어리석으며 바보 같다고 착각하며 자신의 상 황을 개선할 힘이 없다고 믿는다. 비슷하게, 한때 독립적인 노동자였던 양철 나무꾼은 마녀의 저주의 직접적 인 결과를 겪는다. 도끼를 휘두를 때마다 자신의 몸의 한 부분을 잘라내고, 점차 살과 뼈가 양철로 대체된다. 열심히 일할수록 자신에게 더 큰 손해를 입히게 된 것이다. 도로시와 허수아비가 그를 발견했을 때, 그의 인 간성은 이미 사라지고 없었다. 자신이 이제 인간보다 기계에 가깝다고 믿으며, 기본적인 감정조차 느낄 수 없 는 상태에서 양철 나무꾼은 비에 녹슬어 있었다. 마비되어 1년 동안 같은 자리에 서서 아무 데도 가지 못하 고, 허수아비처럼 자신의 운명을 개선할 수 없다고 생각한다. 바움에게 동부의 마녀술로 여겨졌던 복잡하고 종종 부정직한 금융 거래와 은행 관행, 그리고 기계화 그 자체 는 자립적이었던 미국 노동자를 비인간화하고, 결국 파괴했다. 소설 전체에서 도로시는 동쪽의 사악한 마녀의 발에서 벗긴 은색 신발을 신고 있다. 도로시가 노란 벽돌길을 따라 여행하는 것도 우연이 아니다. 오즈의 땅에서는 천국처럼 길이 문자 그대로 황금으로 포장되어 있다. 순 진하고 안내자 없는 도로시는 은색 신발이 그녀에게 부여한 놀라운 힘을 인식하지 못한다. 도로시는 그 마법 의 속성을 알지 못한 채 지낸다. 책 말미에 오즈 땅에서 도로시를 보호했던 북쪽의 착한 마녀 글린다는 그녀 에게 이렇게 말한다. "당신의 은색 신발이 당신을 사막을 넘어 데려다 줄 것입니다…. 그들의 힘을 알았다면, 이 나라에 온 첫날에 고모 엠에게 돌아갈 수 있었을 것입니다." 그러나 도로시는 이를 몰랐기에 끝까지 자신 의 시련을 겪어야 했다. 소설의 지배적인 해석이 시사하듯, 이야기의 교훈은 등장인물들, 모든 미국인들처럼, 자신이 처한 문제를 해결 할 답을 자신 안에 지니고 있다는 점인 것 같다. 단지 이를 실행하기 위한 지식, 용기, 자신감을 가지기만 하 면 된다. 동시에 “오즈의 마법사”는 보다 깊은 문화적, 이념적, 심리적 차원에서 작동하여, 바움이 표면적으로 는 포퓰리즘적 동화 안에 신흥 도시 사회 질서와 성장하는 소비 경제의 우선순위와 가치를 긍정하는 현대 미 국에 대한 낙관적인 비전을 도입할 수 있도록 한다. - 9 - The Wonderful Wizard of Oz as a Fable of Modern America 단어 1. notion- 개념, 관념 2. merit- ~할 가치가 있다 3. satisfaction- 만족 4. contentment- 만족감 5. endorse- 지지하다 6. utopian- 이상적인 7. inherent- 내재된, 고유한 8. welfare- 복지 9. cyclone- 사이클론, 대폭풍 10.flourish- 번창하다, 화려하게 등장하다 11.marvelous- 놀라운, 경이로운 12.ensue- 뒤따르다 13.impersonal- 비인격적인 14.bondage- 노예 상태, 속박 15.grateful- 감사하는 16.wrath- 분노, 격노 17.embody- 구현하다, 상징하다 18.tenacious- 집요한, 완강한 19.inferiority- 열등감 20.illusion- 착각, 환상 - 10 - 21.perceptive- 통찰력 있는 22.sever- 절단하다, 끊다 23.impervious- 영향을 받지 않는 24.paralyze- 마비시키다 25.arcane- 불가사의한, 신비로운 26.dehumanize- 인간성을 말살하다 27.mechanization- 기계화 28.prevailing- 지배적인, 유행하는 29.interpretation- 해석 30.fortitude- 용기, 불굴의 정신 31.ideological- 이념적인 32.psychological- 심리적인 33.optimistic- 낙관적인 34.emerging- 신흥의 35.burgeoning- 급성장하는 36.sojourn- 체류 37.ordeal- 시련 38.implement- 실행하다 39.guideless- 지침 없는 40.unaware- 알지 못하는 41.properties- 속성, 특성 42.marvelous- 경이로운 43.afford- 제공하다, 여유가 있다 - 11 - 44.protect- 보호하다 45.innocent- 순진한, 무죄의 46.apparently- 외견상 47.values- 가치관 48.vision- 비전, 전망 49.solution- 해결책 50.confidence- 자신감 51.economic- 경제의 52.reveal- 드러내다 53.indifference- 무관심 54.unexpected- 예기치 못한 55.enslave- 노예로 만들다 56.perceive- 인지하다 57.self-reliant- 자립적인 58.independent- 독립적인 59.rusted- 녹슨 60.paralyzed- 마비된 61.financial- 금융의 62.dishonest- 부정직한 63.eastern- 동쪽의 64.witchcraft- 마법 65.self-doubt- 자기 회의 66.slavery- 노예제 - 12 - 67.inferiority- 열등감 68.self-awareness- 자기 인식 69.improvement- 개선 70.reliance- 의존 71.challenge- 도전 72.urban- 도시의 73.illusion- 환상 74.consumption- 소비 75.emerge- 등장하다 76.endure- 견디다 77.curse- 저주 78.self-awareness- 자기 인식 79.emotionless- 감정 없는 80.prosperity- 번영 81.self-improvement- 자기 개선 82.guidance- 안내 83.innocence- 순수함 84.achievement- 성취 85.realization- 깨달음 86.reconstruction- 재구성 87.independence- 독립 88.adventure- 모험 89.gratitude- 감사 - 13 - 90.bondage- 속박 91.oppression- 억압 92.liberation- 해방 93.resolution- 결단 - 14 - 문제 1: 요약 문제 Q1. Summarize the central argument of the passage in 2-3 sentences. Answer: 문제 2: 빈칸 문제 Q2. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words or phrases. 1. The Scarecrow symbolizes ________ small farmers who believe they lack intelligence but are actually wise and perceptive. 2. The Tin Woodman’s transformation represents the dehumanizing effects of ________. 3. Dorothy’s silver shoes, which she remains unaware of for most of the story, symbolize ________. 4. Baum critiques ________ financial practices and mechanization as forms of "eastern witchcraft." 5. The moral of the story emphasizes that characters, like all Americans, have the ________ to solve their problems. 문제 3: 서술형 문제 Q3. Explain the symbolism of Dorothy’s silver shoes and the Yellow Brick Road. Answer: Q4. What does the Scarecrow’s character reveal about the struggles of small farmers in the context of modern America? Answer: - 15 - 문제 4: 빈칸문제 Q5. Complete the passage with the correct words or phrases. The Land of Oz serves as a metaphor for modern America, showcasing democratic and ________ values. Dorothy’s journey represents the individual’s search for ________ and self-reliance. Characters like the Scarecrow and Tin Woodman reflect the challenges faced by ________ and industrial workers, who have been dehumanized by mechanization and ________ practices. Ultimately, the story suggests that Americans have the potential to ________ their own problems if they possess the necessary awareness and courage. Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 문제 5: Q6. Determine whether the following statements are True or False. 1. The Scarecrow believes he is foolish, but he demonstrates intelligence and wisdom throughout the story. 2. The Tin Woodman represents the benefits of industrialization for American workers. 3. Dorothy is aware of the magical power of her silver shoes from the beginning of the story. 4. Baum critiques dishonest financial practices and mechanization as harmful to American society. 5. The Yellow Brick Road symbolizes the ease of achieving success without effort. Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 문제 6: 고난도 서술형 문제 Q7. Analyze how Baum uses Dorothy’s journey to criticize and reflect on the changes in American society during his time. Answer: - 16 - 문제 1: 요약 문제 Q1. Summarize the central argument of the passage in 2-3 sentences. Answer: The passage interprets The Wonderful Wizard of Ozas a reflection of modern American culture, emphasizing democratic values, individual potential, and the challenges of industrialization. Dorothy’s journey represents self-discovery and resilience, while characters like the Scarecrow and Tin Woodman symbolize the struggles of farmers and workers. Baum critiques financial practices and mechanization, presenting an optimistic vision of progress and individuality in urban America. 문제 2: 빈칸 문제 Q2. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words or phrases. 1. The Scarecrow symbolizes ________ small farmers who believe they lack intelligence but are actually wise and perceptive. 2. The Tin Woodman’s transformation represents the dehumanizing effects of ________. 3. Dorothy’s silver shoes, which she remains unaware of for most of the story, symbolize ________. 4. Baum critiques ________ financial practices and mechanization as forms of "eastern witchcraft." 5. The moral of the story emphasizes that characters, like all Americans, have the ________ to solve their problems. Answer: 1. self-doubting 2. mechanization 3. untapped potential 4. dishonest 5. ability 문제 3: 서술형 문제 Q3. Explain the symbolism of Dorothy’s silver shoes and the Yellow Brick Road. Answer: Dorothy’s silver shoes symbolize untapped potential and self-reliance, highlighting the idea that individuals often possess the solutions to their problems but lack the awareness or confidence to use them. The Yellow Brick Road, paved with gold, represents material wealth and opportunity, emphasizing the connection between individual effort and the pursuit of success in American society. Q4. What does the Scarecrow’s character reveal about the struggles of small farmers in the context of modern America? Answer:The Scarecrow embodies small farmers who struggle with self-doubt and inferiority despite being intelligent and capable. His misplaced belief in his ignorance mirrors the psychological challenges faced by farmers in a rapidly industrializing society, where traditional skills and roles were undervalued. - 17 - 문제 4: 고난도 빈칸 문제 Q5. Complete the passage with the correct words or phrases. The Land of Oz serves as a metaphor for modern America, showcasing democratic and ________ values. Dorothy’s journey represents the individual’s search for ________ and self-reliance. Characters like the Scarecrow and Tin Woodman reflect the challenges faced by ________ and industrial workers, who have been dehumanized by mechanization and ________ practices. Ultimately, the story suggests that Americans have the potential to ________ their own problems if they possess the necessary awareness and courage. Answer: 1. utopian 2. self-discovery 3. small farmers 4. dishonest financial 5. solve 문제 5: Q6. Determine whether the following statements are True or False. 1. The Scarecrow believes he is foolish, but he demonstrates intelligence and wisdom throughout the story. 2. The Tin Woodman represents the benefits of industrialization for American workers. 3. Dorothy is aware of the magical power of her silver shoes from the beginning of the story. 4. Baum critiques dishonest financial practices and mechanization as harmful to American society. 5. The Yellow Brick Road symbolizes the ease of achieving success without effort. Answer: 1. True 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. False 문제 6: 고난도 서술형 문제 Q7. Analyze how Baum uses Dorothy’s journey to criticize and reflect on the changes in American society during his time. Answer:Baum uses Dorothy’s journey in The Wonderful Wizard of Ozto explore and critique the societal changes brought about by industrialization, financial practices, and shifting cultural values in America. Dorothy’s encounters with characters like the Scarecrow and Tin Woodman highlight the struggles of farmers and workers who feel powerless in the face of industrial and financial systems. Her silver shoes, symbolizing untapped potential, and her journey along the Yellow Brick Road reflect the challenges and opportunities of achieving self-reliance in a rapidly modernizing world. Baum ultimately presents an optimistic vision, emphasizing individual potential and democratic ideals in the face of societal transformation. - 18 - - 19 -