Pre-Final Exam in Cybercrime and Environmental Laws PDF

COVERAGE FOR THE PRE FINAL IN CYBERCRIME AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS Environmental laws are laws that protect the environment. Environmental law is the collection of laws, regulations, agreements and common law that governs how humans interact with their environment. This includes environmental r...

COVERAGE FOR THE PRE FINAL IN CYBERCRIME AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS Environmental laws are laws that protect the environment. Environmental law is the collection of laws, regulations, agreements and common law that governs how humans interact with their environment. This includes environmental regulations; laws governing management of natural resources, such as forests, minerals, or fisheries; and related topics such as environmental impact assessments. Environmental law is seen as the body of laws concerned with the protection of living things (human beings inclusive) from the harm that human activity may immediately or eventually cause to them or their species, either directly or to the media and the habits on which they depend.  Air quality laws - govern the emission of air pollutants into the atmosphere. A specialized subset of air quality laws regulate the quality of air inside buildings. Air quality laws are often designed specifically to protect human health by limiting or eliminating airborne pollutant concentrations.  Water quality laws- govern the protection of water resources for human health and the environment. Water quality laws are legal standards or requirements governing water quality, that is, the concentrations of water pollutants in some regulated volume of water.  Waste management laws- govern the transport, treatment, storage, and disposal of all manner of waste, including municipal solid waste, hazardous waste, and nuclear waste, among many other types.  Environmental cleanup laws- govern the removal of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as soil, sediment, surface water, or ground water.  Chemical safety laws -govern the use of chemicals in human activities, particularly human-made chemicals in modern industrial applications. As contrasted with media-oriented environmental laws (e.g., air or water quality laws), chemical control laws seek to manage the (potential) pollutants themselves. R.A. 9003 - "Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000." - An act providing for an ecological solid waste management program, creating the necessary institutional mechanisms and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited and providing penalties, appropriating funds therefore, and for other purposes. Segregation and collection of solid waste shall be conducted at the barangay level specifically for biodegradable, compostable and reusable wastes:  The Three Rs There is a common mantra that many of us were taught as children but do not always think of on a daily basis. The mantra is reduce, reuse, recycle, otherwise known as the three Rs. Over the last half century, the amount of waste created per person in the United States has almost doubled. The concept and promotion of the three Rs was created to help combat the drastic increase in solid waste production. The First 'R' - Reduce.The concept of reducing what is produced and what is consumed is essential to the waste hierarchy. The logic behind it is simple to understand - if there is less waste, then there is less to recycle or reuse. The process of reducing begins with an examination of what you are using, and what it is used for. There are three simple steps to assessing the reduction value of an item or process The Second 'R' – Reuse. You may have a box of things you keep that are broken or that you don't have a use for that you hang on to in-case you find another use for them; or you may find bargains on old furniture or go trash picking and get things that you can refinish - in either case you are working towards reusing the item. Learning to reuse items, or re-purpose them for a use different then what they are intended for is essential in waste hierarchy The Third 'R' - Recycling. The last stage of the waste hierarchy is to recycle. To recycle something means that it will be transformed again into a raw material that can be shaped into a new item. There are very few materials on the earth that cannot be recycled. One of the issues facing communities that want to become more involved with a recycling Republic Act No. 9275 - Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004. Republic Act (R.A.) No. 9275 titled "An Act Providing for a Comprehensive Water Quality Management and for Other Purposes", also known as the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (CWA), was signed (Republic Act No. 8485 Animal Welfare Act of 1998 to protect and promote the welfare of all animals in facilitates utilized for breeding, maintaining the Philippines by supervising and regulating the establishment Act and operations of all facilitate keeping, treating or training of all animals either as objects of trade or as household pets. Pet animal shall include bird Any form of cruelty shall be penalized R.A. 8550 (1998) - The Fisheries Code of the Philippines. An Act providing for the development, management, and conservation of fisheries and aquatic resources, integrating all laws pertinent thereto, and for other purposes. Republic Act No. 7942 - Philippine Mining Act of 1995.All mineral resources in public and private lands within the territory and exclusive economic zone of the Republic Philippines are owned by the State. of the It shall be the responsibility of the State to promote their conservation rational exploration, development, utilization and through the combined efforts of government and the private sector in order to enhance national growth in a way that effectively safeguards the environment and protect the rights of affected communities P.D. 389 (1974) (P.D. 705) - The Forestry Reform Code - codifies, updates and raises forestry laws in the country. It emphasizes the sustainable utilization of forest resources. P.D. 330 & P.D. 953 - Laws on Penalizing Illegal Cutting of Trees - Public forests and forest reserves are important natural resources of the country which must be preserved and conserved P.D. 953 & 1153 - Laws on Tree Planting - The planting of trees on lands adjoining the edge of rivers and creeks in both a measure of beautification and reforestation and the planting of trees along roads and areas intended for the common use of owners of lots in subdivisions will provide shade and healthful environment therein. Definition of Terms: Aquaculture - fishery operations involving all forms of raising and culturing fish and other fishery species in fresh, backlish, marines areas. Electro fishing - the use of electricity generated by batteries, electric generators and other source of electric power to kill, stupefy, disable or render unconscious fishery species, whether or not the same are subsequently recovered. Kaingin- refers to the shifting and/or permanent slash-and- burn cultivation of forest land having little or no provision to prevent soil erosion. Lake- an inland body of water, an expanded pa part of a river, a reservoir formed by a dam or lake basin intermittently or formerly covered by water. Muro-Ami- fishing method that requires diving and other physical or mechanical acts to pound the coral reefs and other habitat to entrap, gather or catch fish and other fishery species. Infectious Waste- means that portion of medical waste that could transmit an infectious disease. National Museum- referred to as the Museum, the agency mishe government which shall implershall be provision act. National Park- refers to a forest reservation essentially of natural wilderness character which has been witentially from settlement, occupancy or any form of exploitation except with in conformity with approved managementation and set aside as such exclusively to conserve the area or preserve the scenery, the natural and historic objects, wild animals and and plants therein to provide enjoyment of these features in such areas. Philippine Waters -include all bodies of water within the Philippine territory such as lakes, rivers, streams, creeks, brooks, ponds, swamps, lagoons, gulfs, bays and seas and other bodies of water now existing in the provinces, cities, municipalities and barangays and the waters around between and connecting the islands Green laws- Green laws are those that deal with the protection, conservation, utilization and development of forests, other land-based natural resources, and wildlife. Green is the color used since lands and forests are generally supposed to be green. Land- based wildlife also consider the forests as their habitat, thus, they are included under the green laws.. It is also refers to laws or policies that aim to protect the environment and promote sustainability. It focuses on the conservation of natural resources, reducing pollution, promoting renewable energy, and combating climate change. Blue laws-. Referring to the color of the seas, oceans, and other bodies of water, blue laws refer to laws which deal with the protection, conservation and utilization of waters, marine life, and aquatic resources. Blue laws encompass both inland waters such as rivers, lakes, and streams, and the seas and oceans, whether part of the country's territory or not. Brown laws- Often associated with land use, development, or policies impacting soil and terrestrial ecosystems. Addressing urbanization, agriculture, and land conservation to prevent degradation.