Test Bank - Chapter 11.4 PDF

Which of the following is NOT one of the three components of emotion? - A\) Subjective thoughts and experiences. - B\) Observable behavioral expressions. - C\) Complete conscious control of emotional responses. - D\) Accompanying patterns of neural activity and physical arousal. - **C...

Which of the following is NOT one of the three components of emotion? - A\) Subjective thoughts and experiences. - B\) Observable behavioral expressions. - C\) Complete conscious control of emotional responses. - D\) Accompanying patterns of neural activity and physical arousal. - **Correct Answer:** C\ **Explanation:** Complete conscious control of emotional responses is not a component of emotion; emotional responses often involve unconscious processes. What is the role of the amygdala in emotional processing? - A\) Suppressing emotional responses. - B\) Interpreting emotional stimuli and triggering autonomic responses. - C\) Planning long-term emotional goals. - D\) Enhancing memory recall of non-emotional events. - **Correct Answer:** B\ **Explanation:** The amygdala interprets emotional stimuli and coordinates autonomic responses to perceived threats. 3. The autonomic nervous system is divided into two subsystems. Which one helps the body return to a calm state after an emotional reaction? - A\) Somatic nervous system. - B\) Sympathetic nervous system. - C\) Central nervous system. - D\) Parasympathetic nervous system. - **Correct Answer:** D\ **Explanation:** The parasympathetic nervous system conserves energy and restores the body to a baseline state after an emotional event. 4. Emotional stimuli often increase activity in brain areas related to: - A\) Language processing. - B\) Long-term memory encoding. - C\) Planning movements. - D\) Visual perception of neutral stimuli. - **Correct Answer:** C\ **Explanation:** Emotional stimuli, especially threatening ones, prepare the nervous system for rapid movement and reaction. 5. According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, which occurs first in an emotional response? - A\) Subjective emotional experience. - B\) Physiological arousal. - C\) Cognitive interpretation. - D\) Observed behavior. - **Correct Answer:** B\ **Explanation:** The James-Lange theory posits that physiological arousal precedes and informs the emotional experience. 6. What distinguishes the Cannon-Bard theory from the James-Lange theory of emotion? - A\) Cannon-Bard suggests emotions are experienced after physiological responses. - B\) Cannon-Bard posits that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously. - C\) Cannon-Bard emphasizes the role of external stimuli in generating emotion. - D\) Cannon-Bard attributes emotional experience solely to the amygdala. - **Correct Answer:** B\ **Explanation:** The Cannon-Bard theory states that emotional experience and physiological responses occur simultaneously, not sequentially. 7. Which of the following is central to the two-factor theory of emotion? - A\) Emotion is entirely dependent on physiological responses. - B\) Cognitive labeling determines the emotional experience. - C\) Emotions arise solely from external stimuli. - D\) Emotional responses are identical across all cultures. - **Correct Answer:** B\ **Explanation:** The two-factor theory asserts that cognitive labeling of arousal determines the emotional experience. 8. Which brain region evaluates whether instinctive emotional responses are appropriate for a given situation? - A\) Occipital lobe. - B\) Amygdala. - C\) Frontal lobes. - D\) Temporal lobe. - **Correct Answer:** C\ **Explanation:** The frontal lobes analyze situations and determine whether emotional responses should be amplified or suppressed. 9. Microexpressions reveal: - A\) Permanent emotional states. - B\) Hidden or suppressed emotional reactions. - C\) Cultural differences in emotion display. - D\) Only positive emotions. - **Correct Answer:** B\ **Explanation:** Microexpressions are fleeting facial expressions that reveal suppressed or hidden emotions. 10. What does the facial feedback hypothesis suggest? - A\) Emotional expressions are learned behaviors. - B\) Emotions are influenced by feedback from facial muscles. - C\) The amygdala is the sole driver of emotional responses. - D\) Facial expressions have no impact on subjective emotions. - **Correct Answer:** B\ **Explanation:** The facial feedback hypothesis posits that facial muscle activity influences emotional experiences. 11. Cultural display rules influence: - A\) The universal recognition of emotions. - B\) The types of emotions experienced. - C\) When and how emotions are expressed. - D\) The biological basis of emotions. - **Correct Answer:** C\ **Explanation:** Cultural display rules govern the situational appropriateness of expressing emotions. 12. How do Japanese participants often interpret low-intensity facial expressions differently than American participants? - A\) Japanese participants see them as less genuine. - B\) Japanese participants assume strong underlying emotions. - C\) Japanese participants attribute them to cultural norms. - D\) Japanese participants disregard them entirely. - **Correct Answer:** B\ **Explanation:** Japanese participants often assume that low-intensity expressions reflect strong emotions restrained by cultural display rules. 13. What did Paul Ekman's cross-cultural research demonstrate? - A\) Facial expressions are entirely culturally learned. - B\) Emotional expressions vary significantly between cultures. - C\) Certain facial expressions of emotion are universal. - D\) Emotional expressions have no biological basis. - **Correct Answer:** C\ **Explanation:** Ekman's studies confirmed that some emotional expressions, such as fear and happiness, are universally recognized. **Components of Emotion** 14. Which of the following best illustrates the three components of emotion? - A\) A person recalls a happy memory while smiling. - B\) A child feels fear after seeing a snake and runs away. - C\) A student feels calm when meditating. - D\) A person notices their heart racing, feels scared, and runs from a loud noise. - **Correct Answer:** D\ **Explanation:** Emotions involve physiological arousal (heart racing), subjective experience (fear), and behavioral expression (running). 15. What distinguishes the role of the amygdala from that of the frontal lobes in emotion? - A\) The amygdala suppresses emotional responses, while the frontal lobes enhance them. - B\) The amygdala generates automatic responses, while the frontal lobes regulate those responses. - C\) The amygdala processes visual stimuli, while the frontal lobes process auditory stimuli. - D\) The amygdala triggers immediate emotional reactions, while the frontal lobes assess context and appropriateness. - **Correct Answer:** D\ **Explanation:** The amygdala responds quickly to emotional stimuli, while the frontal lobes evaluate whether the response is contextually appropriate. 16. How does the sympathetic nervous system prepare the body for a \"fight or flight\" response? - A\) By calming the body to conserve energy. - B\) By enhancing memory of the threat. - C\) By suppressing emotional responses. - D\) By increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and redirecting blood flow to muscles. - **Correct Answer:** D\ **Explanation:** The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for action by increasing physical readiness. 17. A person feels anger when criticized but chooses to stay calm to avoid conflict. Which brain region is most active in this process? - A\) Occipital lobe. - B\) Amygdala. - C\) Temporal lobe. - D\) Frontal lobes. - **Correct Answer:** D\ **Explanation:** The frontal lobes regulate emotional responses and help individuals choose contextually appropriate actions. 18. Cultural display rules might explain why: - A\) People universally recognize sadness as an emotion. - B\) Some cultures value smiling in professional settings more than others. - C\) Emotional regulation is biologically determined. - D\) Japanese individuals suppress outward expressions of strong emotions in formal settings. - **Correct Answer:** D\ **Explanation:** Cultural display rules guide when and how emotions are expressed, often encouraging suppression in specific contexts.  During a job interview, a candidate feels nervous, experiences a rapid heartbeat, and finds it difficult to smile naturally. Which component of emotion is represented by the rapid heartbeat? - A\) Behavioral expression. - B\) Subjective experience. - C\) Contextual appropriateness. - D\) Physiological arousal. - **Correct Answer:** D\ **Explanation:** Physiological arousal, such as a rapid heartbeat, is one of the core components of emotional responses.  A person laughs loudly at a joke but feels embarrassed when others do not laugh. This scenario best illustrates: - A\) Cultural display rules. - B\) Emotional regulation. - C\) Behavioral expression. - D\) The interaction of subjective experience and social context. - **Correct Answer:** D\ **Explanation:** Emotions are influenced by subjective experience and social feedback, highlighting their context-dependent nature.  While walking in the forest, someone encounters a bear, feels their heart racing, and then interprets their physiological state as fear. This sequence aligns with: - A\) Cannon-Bard theory. - B\) Two-factor theory. - C\) James-Lange theory. - D\) Facial feedback hypothesis. - **Correct Answer:** C\ **Explanation:** The James-Lange theory suggests that physiological arousal precedes emotional experience.  A student takes an exam and feels nervous after interpreting their shaky hands as a sign of stress. This scenario best supports which theory of emotion? - A\) James-Lange theory. - B\) Cannon-Bard theory. - C\) Two-factor theory. - D\) Facial feedback hypothesis. - **Correct Answer:** C\ **Explanation:** The two-factor theory states that physiological arousal is labeled based on cognitive appraisal, leading to an emotional experience.  During a heated argument, a manager remains calm and expresses their concerns rationally. What does this behavior demonstrate? - A\) Emotional contagion. - B\) Microexpression suppression. - C\) Facial feedback hypothesis. - D\) Effective emotional regulation. - **Correct Answer:** D\ **Explanation:** Emotional regulation involves controlling emotional responses to act appropriately in a situation, as seen in the manager\'s composure.  A person smiles at a friend despite feeling frustrated, and over time their mood improves. Which hypothesis does this scenario support? - A\) Two-factor theory. - B\) James-Lange theory. - C\) Cannon-Bard theory. - D\) Facial feedback hypothesis. - **Correct Answer:** D\ **Explanation:** The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that facial expressions can influence emotional experiences.  A person visiting a foreign country notices that locals rarely display anger in public. Which concept best explains this observation? - A\) Emotional universality. - B\) Microexpression detection. - C\) Frontal lobe regulation. - D\) Cultural display rules. - **Correct Answer:** D\ **Explanation:** Cultural display rules determine how emotions are expressed in different societies, often discouraging displays of anger.  During a business meeting, an employee from a high-context culture avoids showing disagreement to maintain group harmony. This behavior reflects: - A\) Subjective emotional experience. - B\) Physiological regulation of emotion. - C\) Cultural display rules. - D\) Emotional suppression. - **Correct Answer:** C\ **Explanation:** Cultural display rules influence emotional expressions, such as suppressing disagreement to maintain harmony in high-context cultures.  A soldier in combat hears a loud noise and instinctively reacts, but upon realizing it\'s a false alarm, they calm down. Which brain regions are involved in this sequence? - A\) Occipital lobe and amygdala. - B\) Amygdala and frontal lobes. - C\) Temporal lobe and brainstem. - D\) Frontal lobes and hippocampus. - **Correct Answer:** B\ **Explanation:** The amygdala triggers an immediate emotional response, while the frontal lobes regulate and assess its appropriateness.  A person with damage to their frontal lobes might struggle with: - A\) Reacting instinctively to threats. - B\) Distinguishing emotions in others. - C\) Suppressing inappropriate emotional outbursts. - D\) Recognizing universal facial expressions. - **Correct Answer:** C\ **Explanation:** The frontal lobes are critical for emotional regulation, and damage can impair the ability to suppress inappropriate responses.