AP English Language and Composition Terms PDF
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This document provides a list of terms related to literary devices, rhetorical techniques, grammar, and syntax, often used in high school English classes. It covers aspects like literary devices, rhetorical modes, and structural tools. No specific year or specific exam board context is provided.
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Literary Devices: . Allegory: Symbolic use of characters or story elements to represent ideas. 1 2. Alliteration: Repetition of initial consonant sounds. 3. Allusion: Reference to a well-known work, event, or figure. 4. Ambiguity: Multiple meanings of a word, p...
Literary Devices: . Allegory: Symbolic use of characters or story elements to represent ideas. 1 2. Alliteration: Repetition of initial consonant sounds. 3. Allusion: Reference to a well-known work, event, or figure. 4. Ambiguity: Multiple meanings of a word, phrase, or passage. 5. Analogy: Comparison to explain an unfamiliar idea. 6. Antithesis: Contrasting ideas in parallel structure. 7. Aphorism: Brief, memorable statement of truth or principle. 8. Apostrophe: Directly addressing an absent or imaginary figure. 9. Caricature: Exaggerated description for comic effect. 10. Conceit: Extended metaphor comparing dissimilar objects. 11.Euphemism: Polite or mild substitute for harsh terms. 12. Figurative Language: Non-literal, vivid, imaginative expressions. 13. Hyperbole: Deliberate exaggeration for effect. 14. Imagery: Descriptive language appealing to senses. 15. Irony: Contrast between expectation and reality (verbal, situational, dramatic). 16. Litotes: Understatement by negating the opposite. 17. Metaphor: Implied comparison of unlike things. 18. Metonymy: Substituting a term closely associated with another. 19. Oxymoron: Contradictory terms juxtaposed for effect. 20. Paradox: Contradictory statement that holds truth. 21. Personification: Giving human qualities to non-human entities. 22. Simile: Comparison using "like" or "as." 23. Symbolism: Using objects to represent abstract ideas. 24. Synecdoche: Part used to represent the whole, or vice versa. 25. Synesthesia: Mixing sensory experiences (e.g., "loud color"). 26. Understatement: Presenting something as less significant. Rhetorical Techniques: 7. 2 naphora: Repetition at the start of successive clauses. A 28. Rhetoric: Art of persuasive writing or speaking. 29. Rhetorical Modes: Exposition, argumentation, description, and narration. 30. Parody: Imitation for comic effect or ridicule. 31. Satire: Criticism of human flaws or society through humor. 32. Sarcasm: Sharp, biting language meant to hurt or mock. 33. Wit: Clever, humorous language that delights. Grammar and Syntax: 4. 3 ntecedent: Word a pronoun refers to. A 35. Clause: Subject-verb group; independent or dependent. 36. Loose Sentence: Main idea first, followed by details. 37. Periodic Sentence: Main idea at the end for emphasis. 38. Parallelism: Structural similarity in words or phrases. 39. Repetition: Duplication of language elements. 40. Syntax: Arrangement of words into phrases and sentences. Vocabulary and Style: 1. 4 olloquialism: Informal, conversational expressions. C 42. Connotation: Implied or associative meaning. 43. Denotation: Literal, dictionary meaning. 44. Diction: Word choice. 45. Didactic: Instructional, especially in moral principles. 46. Homily: Serious talk or lecture, often moral. 47. Pedantic: Overly scholarly or academic tone. 48. Semantics: Study of word meanings and relationships. 49. Style: Author's unique way of writing. Structural and Logical Tools: 0. Extended Metaphor: Metaphor sustained throughout a work. 5 51. Generic Conventions: Traits defining a genre. 52. Genre: Categories of literary works (e.g., prose, poetry). 53. Inference: Logical conclusion based on evidence. 54. Point of View: Perspective from which the story is told. 55. Subject Complement: Predicate nominative or adjective that completes a subject. 56. Subordinate Clause: Dependent clause needing an independent clause. 57. Syllogism: Logical reasoning with major and minor premises leading to a conclusion. 58. Thesis: Central argument or point in writing. 59. Transition: Words signaling shifts in ideas. Emotional and Aesthetic Elements: 0. 6 tmosphere: Emotional tone of a work. A 61. Mood: Reader’s emotional response to the work. 62. Tone: Author’s attitude toward subject or audience. Miscellaneous: 3. 6 arrative: Storytelling. N 64. Prose: Ordinary written language. 65. Theme: Central idea or insight. 66. Figure of Speech: Non-literal devices like irony, metaphor, etc.
