Philosophical Foundation of Teaching (PDF)

12/10/2024 Philosophical Foundation of Teaching Profession Education Philo – Love Sophos...

12/10/2024 Philosophical Foundation of Teaching Profession Education Philo – Love Sophos - Wisdom 1 2 IDEALISM (Plato) REALISM (Aristotle) Ideas are the only true reality Reality exists independent in human What exist is in the mind only mind Existence of ideas independent from the Reality is not in the mind but in the material world external world Ideas are believed to be innate in the Ultimate reality is the world of physical individual as these have been endowed objects by a perfect thing. Concern with what is real, what is actual Values Truth is objective – what can be Perfect being (God) and spirits observed “dream” and “want” Fulfill and pursue dreams ❑ Some supporters: John Amos Comenius & John Locke 3 4 EMPIRICISM (John Locke) Existentialism (Soren Kierkegard) Legitimate knowledge arises from what Reality is subjective, lies within in the is provided to mind by the senses individual Experience through the use of senses is Individual choice and standards are the source of knowledge central (need to be responsible with the Only source of knowledge is the senses consequences) or sense-based experience Man’s freedom of in the accomplishment of his destiny Unique individual “choose” “decide” Existence precedes essence 5 6 1  12/10/2024 Essentialism (William Bagley) Perennialism (Robert Hutchins) Going back to the basics Maintains that education involves confronting the Focus on 3R’s (reading, writing, arithmetic) problems and questions that have challenged people over the countries. Thus there is a need to Subject matter is the center of the study classical tradition of great books. educational process Views education as a recurring process based on The teacher is the authority, a master of eternal truths his/her discipline Change does not exist; forever is real Essence precedes existence Study of humanities and generalized subject Good education involves a search for and understanding of truth which can all be found in the great works of civilization. Its curriculum is fixed and subject-centered relying heavily on the disciplines of literature, math, languages, and history 7 8 Pragmatism (Charles Sanders Pierce) It believes that meaning of an idea can be Progressivism (Francis W. Parker) (John determined by the consequence of its test: if it works in practice, it is true or good. Dewey) Believes in change as the essence of reality Directly grew from pragmatic philosophy Experimental method is its method of thought Education should focus on the whole child Practicality and application Learner is a problem solver who makes meaning Technical subjects through experience A learner learns well if through active interplay with others Learning by doing principle Involves participation of students and allows them to exercise freedom and moral powers Strike while the iron is hot Methods: Scientific Method and Problem Solving 9 10 Behaviourism (John B. Watson) Behaviourism (John B. Watson) A behavior can be best explained in terms In a faculty recollection, the teachers were ask to share their thoughts of the learner, their primary costumer. What of responses to external stimuli follow are the gist’s of what were shared; Education can be achieved by modifying Teacher A: The learner is the product of this environment. or changing student behaviors in socially Sometimes her has no choice. He is determined by his acceptable manner through the environment. arrangements of conditions of learning Teacher B: The learner can choose what he can become Human beings are shaped entirely by despite his environment environment. Rewards and reinforcement Teacher C: The teacher is a social being who learns well through an active interplay with others. Teacher D: The learner is a rational being. School should develop his rational and moral powers. 11 12 2  12/10/2024 Rationalism (Rene Descartes) Social Reconstructivism (George Counts & Harold Knowledge can be derived from certain prior Rugg) truths. By REASONS Covers the underlying factors that constitute reality Virtue and happiness can be obtained through or society the knowledge of God Students are encouraged to become involved in the problems whether political, social, or economical that confronts the society and be able to arrive at solutions in order to reconstruct society Declares that the chief purpose of all educational efforts is to “reconstruct” society in order to meet the cultural crisis of times. Social reconstructionists are convinced that education is not a privilege of the few but a right to be enjoyed by all. Education is a right that citizens regardless of age, race, and social status must enjoy. 13 14 Utilitarianism (Herbert Spencer) Hedonism pleasure is the only good thing to person Industrialized society require VOCATIONAL and Hedonists will do anything whether it’s morally right or wrong PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION based on scientific and in order to attain pleasure. practical (utilitarian) objectives rather than on the very general educational goals associated with humanistic and classical education. Epicureanism a form of ancient hedonism – the highest pleasure consists of To survive in a complex society. simple and moderate life; pleasure is attainable only by Spencer favors specialized education over general REASON education. We seek pleasure, but that we should not over indulge in our pleasures Stoicism if there are difficulties and adversities, you have to patiently accept them and endure them. 15 16 3