Grade 7 Science: Volcanoes (University of Santo Tomas) PDF

GRADE 7 SCIENCE TOPIC 2.1.VOLCANOES Mr. Mark Robin Dacio RECALL: TECTONIC PLATES & PLATE BOUNDARIES  RECALL: SUMMARY OF PLATE BOUNDARIES Type of Scientific term What might happen at this type of...

GRADE 7 SCIENCE TOPIC 2.1.VOLCANOES Mr. Mark Robin Dacio RECALL: TECTONIC PLATES & PLATE BOUNDARIES  RECALL: SUMMARY OF PLATE BOUNDARIES Type of Scientific term What might happen at this type of boundary? Which types of plate plate for the plate boundaries can lead to motion boundary Earthquakes Volcanoes Mountains Trench mountain formation? continental-conti nental ✓ ✘ ✓ ✘ Moving convergent Which types of plate oceanic-contine toward each other ntal convergent ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ boundaries can lead to oceanic-oceanic trench formation? ✓ ✓ ✘ ✓ convergent Spreading apart divergent ✓ ✓ ✘ ✘ Which types of plate Moving boundaries can lead to past one transform ✓ ✘ ✘ ✘ another volcano formation? GRADE 7 SCIENCE TOPIC 2.2..VOLCANOES Mr. Mark Robin Dacio  LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: ❑ Define volcanism and volcano; ❑ Describe the anatomy of a volcano; ❑ Identify factors that affect the volcanic eruption (amount of silica and water in magma); ❑ Describe volcanoes based on their activity levels, including dormant, active, and extinct volcanoes; ❑ Define the Pacific Ring of Fire;  LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: ❑ Classify volcanoes based on the type of eruption they exhibit, such as explosive (e.g., Plinian eruptions), effusive (e.g., Hawaiian eruptions), or phreatomagmatic eruptions; ❑ Describe the distribution and location of active volcanoes along plate boundaries; ❑ Determine the different shapes of volcanic cones, such as shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes (composite volcanoes), and cinder cone volcanoes; and  LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: ❑ Explain how the composition of magma, including viscosity, gas content, and eruption style, influences the shape of a volcano's cone. Ang Alamat ng Bulkang Mayon  Ang Alamat ng Bulkang Mayon Link: https://youtu.be/D6aAtEd06fs?si=joHxPPS5eNHRW7-i Ang Alamat ng Bulkang Mayon INTRODUCTION "Get ready to embark on a fiery journey into the heart of the Earth! Our lesson today will catapult you into the world of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions. Let's unravel the mysteries of these magnificent natural phenomena, understand their causes, and explore their impact on our planet. Hold on tight, because it's going to be a sizzling adventure!"  VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM Volcano an opening in the planet’s crust through which molten rock, hot gases, and other materials erupt. often form a hill or mountain as layers of rock and ash build-up from repeated eruptions.  AGENCY THAT MONITORS VOLCANIC ACTIVITY Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology A DOST service institute tasked with mitigating disasters from volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and related geotectonic phenomena. Volcanologist - A volcano scientist is a geologist who studies the formation and eruptive activity of volcanoes. Volcanology is the study of volcanoes. ANATOMY OF A VOLCANO ANATOMY OF A VOLCANO MAGMA CHAMBER A reservoir where magma is stored beneath the volcano. SILL Flat rock formation that forms when molten magma cools and solidifies in a crack or fissure. ANATOMY OF A VOLCANO CRATER The bowl-shaped depression at the top of the volcano. ASH CLOUD Mass of tiny volcanic rock fragments, dust, and gases that are released into the air. ANATOMY OF A VOLCANO LAVA FLOW Molten rock that flows from a volcano during an eruption. CONDUIT A pipe-like structure that connects the magma chamber to the surface. CONE Steep, conical-shaped hill or mountain formed by layers of volcanic material.  TYPES OF VOLCANOES Based on the Frequency of Eruption Active Potentially Active Inactive TYPES OF VOLCANOES Based on Frequency of Eruption Active Erupted within historical times (within the last 600 years) accounts of these eruptions were documented by man there are 24 active volcanoes in the Philippines  Some Active Volcanoes in the Philippines Mt. Mayon Taal Volcano Mt. Pinatubo Mt. Kanlaon Albay, Bicol Region Batangas in Luzon Boundaries of Negros Oriental and in Luzon Pampanga, Tarlac Negros Occidental in The second most Most active active volcano in the and Zambales in Visayas Philippine volcano Philippines Luzon The 3rd most active volcano in the Philippines TYPES OF VOLCANOES Based on Frequency of Eruption Potentially Active Morphologically young-looking but with no historical or analytical records of eruption. Some Potentially Active Volcanoes in the Philippines Mt. Apo Mt. Arayat Mt. Labo Between Davao City, Pampanga on the Boundaries of Davao del Sur, and island of Luzon Pampanga, Tarlac and Cotabato Zambales in Luzon TYPES OF VOLCANOES Based on Frequency of Eruption Inactive No recorded eruption in historical times The physical form has been intensively weathered and eroded, bearing deep and long gullies. Some Inactive Volcanoes in the Philippines Mt. Balungao Mt. Batulao Mt. Pan de Azucar Pangasinan, Ilocos Nasugbu, Batangas Concepcion, Iloilo on Region Panay Island  TYPES OF VOLCANOES Based on Volcanic Features Composite Volcano Cinder Cone Volcano Shield Volcano  TYPES OF VOLCANOES Based on Volcanic Features Composite Volcano Most of Earth's grandest mountains are composite volcanoes or stratovolcanoes. typically steep-sided, has symmetrical cones with large bases built by layers of lava flows and volcanic ash Mayon Volcano  TYPES OF VOLCANOES Based on Volcanic Features Cinder Cone Volcano Cinder cones are the simplest volcanoes. built from ejected semisolid lava from a single vent. Lava breaks into small fragments or cinders that solidify and fall around the vent, forming Taal Volcano a circular or oval cone.  TYPES OF VOLCANOES Based on Volcanic Features Cinder Cone Volcano Most cinder cones have a crater shaped like a bowl. generally not very tall, only a few hundred meters, because the loose cinders tend to slide off the sides. Smith Volcano or Mount Babuyan  TYPES OF VOLCANOES Based on Volcanic Features Shield Volcano Shield volcanoes are built almost entirely from lava flows. The lava pours out in all directions from a central vent, which builds up a broad cone that resembles a dome. Mariveles Volcano UST Junior High School TYPES OF VOLCANOES Based on Volcanic Features  VOLCANISM Volcanoes are produced by the accumulation of their own eruptive products. Volcanism Volcanism is the eruption of molten rock from inside the Earth to the surface. UST Junior High School TYPES OF VOLCANOES Based on Volcanic Eruption Link: https://youtu.be/DL1KfubCfWM?si=uiXeFqCyygY74rUN  MAGMA Hot fluid or semi-fluid material beneath the crust of the earth. contains some dissolved gases H2O (water vapor) CO2 (carbon dioxide) SO2 (sulfur dioxide) These gases critically affect eruption style and help the magma rise toward the surface.  VOLCANIC ERUPTION All of the magma is created in the asthenosphere. The magma slowly rises through the lithosphere. It rises because it is hot, less dense, and because of the increased pressure below.  FACTORS AFFECTING VOLCANIC ERUPTION Magma’s silica content The higher the silica content, the more viscous the magma is and the more explosive the eruption. Magma’s water content The more water content, the more gases expand, and the more explosive the eruption. BALITANG TOMASINO! Do you remember the eruption of Taal Volcano in January 2020? Where were you at the time? How were you affected by this event?  PRODUCTS VOLCANIC ERUPTION LAVA PYROCLASTIC FLOW Once magma is ejected from the Pyroclastic flows consist of a volcanic vents and flows on the mixture of volcanic gases and surface, it is called lava. ash and are generated during Lava viscosity is influenced by many volcanic eruptions. temperature, mineral, and water content.  PRODUCTS VOLCANIC ERUPTION ASHFALL LAHAR finer ejected materials carried a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments that flows down the slopes of away by the wind a volcano and typically enters a river valley happens when crater lakes are blown out, or as a result of heavy rainfall during or after the eruption  VOLCANIC ERUPTION CAN ALSO BE BENEFICIAL PRODUCES ROCKS FOR RENEWABLE TOURISM FERTILE SOIL CONSTRUCTION ENERGY VOLCANOES AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL VOLCANIC ERUPTION AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL  LEARNING SYNTHESIS From this lesson, you learned that: ❑ Volcano generally refers to an opening or vent in a planet's crust from which molten rock, ash (pulverized rock and pumice), and gases escape. ❑ There are many types of volcanoes, depending on the bases of classification used. ❑ Volcanism refers to volcanic activity.  LEARNING SYNTHESIS From this lesson, you learned that: ❑ Magma is the molten rock beneath the crust of the earth. Once it leaves a volcano, it is then called lava. ❑ Factors affecting lava eruption include silica and water content. ❑ Volcanoes release lava and pyroclastic materials. Let’s Go Deeper! VALUES INTEGRATION  LEARNING ACTIVITY 2.2.: VOLCANOES ❖ Answer Learning Activity 2.2: Volcanoes Due Date: W4 Day 2 (6:00 PM)  REFERENCES Textbook: Ferriols-Pavico, J.M., Darvin-Faraon, G., Ramos, J.D. (2019). Exploring Life Through Science Series: Integrated Science. Phoenix Publishing House Mingoa, T.R., Obille, E.C., and Rabago, L.M. (2020). Science and Technology: Earth Science. Vibal Group, Inc. Online resources: Types of Volcanic Eruption – Literacy Corner. (March 1, 2021.). https://youtu.be/DL1KfubCfWM?si=FneuR2rVwoySZBmV The Legend of Mayon Volcano | Taleboost (March 26, 2021. https://youtu.be/D6aAtEd06fs?si=joHxPPS5eNHRW7-i