Religion Reviewer PDF

I.​ Catholic Social Teaching. -​ body of teachings of the church that addresses the situation of man as a social being and aims to bring to provide a better understanding on the salvation of society a.​ Man as a social being -​ Man is created to exist in society -​ by nature...

I.​ Catholic Social Teaching. -​ body of teachings of the church that addresses the situation of man as a social being and aims to bring to provide a better understanding on the salvation of society a.​ Man as a social being -​ Man is created to exist in society -​ by nature b.​ Arguments for man as a social being 1.​ Aristotle -​ “Happiness through society” -​ Seek the truth and do the good through other people Rational soul 1.​ Intellect/Reason - Seek the truth 2.​ Will - Do the good 2.​ Blessed Trinity -​ God is relational by nature -​ God the Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit in a community of 3 Persons 3.​ Biology -​ We are born completely dependent on others for survival. -​ Infants need social interaction to live. A 1 month old baby cant survive on his own. 4.​ Psychology -​ Study shows that humans need social connection -​ No social connection can lead to loneliness and social isolation. This can lead to various health problems such as depression. 5.​ Matthew 20:34-40 -​ The king said “For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat. I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink” The man said he never did anything for the king. The King replied “ Whatever you did to your brothers and sisters, you did for me” -​ We each have a social responsibility and a duty to help those around us -​ Our actions towards others have a stake in our salvation 6.​ Communion of Saints  -​ Everyone who got baptized form one body in the church. -​ The good of each is shared by all, at the same time, if one member suffers, everyone also suffers. -​ We are all mysteriously linked together through baptism -​ God wishes to save all men. God uses the church to bring all men together into one community in order to be saved. II. Human Dignity -​ Intrinsic value of a person that makes him worthy of respect all times and demands that he should never be treated as a thing a.​ Man has dignity -​ We are created in—God’s image and likeness. -​ Christ died for each and every one of us. 1.​ Genesis 1 -​ we are created in the image and likeness of God -​ It is good for man to populate the Earth -​ Males and females have equal human dignity -​ Men are given responsibility 2.​ Psalm 51 -​ we are born with original sin -​ Man is not sinful by nature -​ Man is capable of sin -​ Despite sin, we cannot lose our dignity 3.​ Parable of the unmerciful servant -​ Basically, the servant owes the master 10,000 talents (150,000 years of working salary) Despite this, the master forgives him. There is another servant who owes the servant 100 silver coins but the servant does not forgive him. -​ God forgives our huge debts and yet we don't even forgive others for their smaller debts -​ God forgives our mortal sins while we can even forgive others for making mistakes, venial sins, annoying habits and other small stuff. b. Development of Human Dignity Sublimus Deus (1537) and the native americana -​ A letter from the pope telling the Spanish to stop making Indians as slaves. -​ The Spanish are saying that the Indians are incapable of receiving the Catholic faith. They are treating Indians as lower beings.  -​ Everyone is equal no matter what race. Everyone can receive the faith and can get salvation Violations of human rights: 1.​ Slavery -​ It is a violation of human rights since it reduces the person as a thing for labor. 2.​ Discrimination -​ Reduces someone or a group to a lower class person with less rights. 3.​ Holocaust (WWII) -​ Jews were not only treated as slaves, but also treated as means of experimentation -​ they seen as less human Basic Human Rights -​ Result of recognizing human dignity -​ These human rights are a means to uphold the dignity of each person *sir might ask to write down all and explain all 1.​ Right to life 2.​ Right to a fair trial 3.​ Right to privacy 4.​ Right to ownership 5.​ Right to work 6.​ Right to free speech III. Freedom, Duty, and Law a.​ Freedom -​ Freedom is limited because we are limited -​ Our knowledge is imperfect -​ Our will is imperfect Human Freedom -​ people look pretty good when they make choices -​ human freedom is the ability of a person to orient himself towards the ultimate good Ultimate Good  -​ The ultimate good for person is happiness or God -​ Some people look for partial goods (satisfaction, pleasure, success, fame, honor) they’re looking for the ultimate good deep down Partial goods should lead us to the ultimate good Partial goods can also prevent us from reaching the ultimate food (Masturbation, pleasure, etc) Basically means that people focus more on smaller and temporary things (satisfaction, pleasure, etc) which can prevent us from reaching God. Partial goods can be helpful by guiding us to the ultimate good by being thankful to God for our success and showing gratitude. Limitations to freedom 1.​ Ignorance -​ we do not know what is truly good for us 2.​ Weakness -​ We are weak. We do not have the strength to choose the good because of the temptation. Types of freedom 1.​ Freedom “from” -​ Freedom from ignorance and weakness -​ Freedom from oppression, obstacles, discrimination -​ Freedom from limitations that prevent us from doing what we want 2.​ Freedom “for” -​ Freedom for a purpose -​ freedom to achieve something Freedom from obstacles is the means by which we can reach the ultimate good. Basically, you need to get rid of any obstacles that are preventing you from getting closer with God (staying away from sin), then we can get a deeper connection with Him and truly be happy. b. Duty -​ Humans have a duty to seek out the good for themselves and the good for others  -​ Duty does not limit our freedom, but fulfills our freedom because it is directed towards the good. Duty in a social setting -​ We have the duty to do the good -​ we have the duty to: 1.​ Respect the dignity of others 2.​ Uphold the basic human rights c. Law -​ System of rules within society to regulate the actions of its members Purpose: -​ So that people are free from obstacles that prevent them from doing the good -​ Ideally allows us to cooperate and society, which helps us to do good. Summary -​ Man has a duty to do the good because it is the good that fulfills him -​ Freedom to perform duty that is to achieve the good -​ The law provides an environment for society to do the good IV. Society and the common good a.​ Society -​ examples are family, nation, school, and a team b.​ Purpose of society -​ The purpose of society is the common good. Gaudium Et Spea 25: -​ “Mans social nature makes it evident that the progress of the human person and the advance of society itself hinge on the one another” -​ “ the subject and the goal of all social institution is and must be the human person which allows for its part, and by its very nature stands completely in need of a social life The purpose of society is the good of each member of society that each one fulfills his vocation The purpose of society is not: -​ environmental preservation -​ Economic progress  -​ Scientific progress 1.​ Society should be able to provide basic needs -​ Food -​ Shelter -​ Clothing People need the basic needs in order to satisfy higher needs. 2.​ Society should be able to provide human needs -​ Freedom -​ Justice system -​ Private property -​ Employment 3.​ With the basic goods and human goods, people are able to satisfy spiritual needs -​ religion -​ Virtue -​ grace Society cannot directly satisfy these spiritual needs it can facilitate them c. Common Good -​ Sum of our total social conditions which allow people either groups or as individuals to reach their fulfillment or fully and more easily. The common good requires the following: 1.​ respect for the person 2.​ The social well-being and the development of the group 3.​ Peace, that is, the stability and security of just order d. Charity -​ The common good is dictated by the virtue of charity -​ Charity is the theological virtue by which we love God above all things -​ Love our neighbor as ourselves for the love of God Mark 12: -​ Jesus says the most important commandment is to love the Lord, your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind and with all your strength. -​ The second is Love your neighbor as yourself -​ Jesus says that there is no commandment greater than these John 13 -​ A new commandment Jesus gives to his disciples during the last supper -​ “ Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another” -​ “ Everyone will know that you are my disciples if you love one another.” e. Sin affecting society -​ Sin is a personal act -​ We have a responsibility for the sense committed by others when we cooperate in them by: 1.​ participating in them directly and voluntarily 2.​ Approving their acts 3.​ Not preventing their acts when we have to do 4.​ by protecting evil doers -​ Sin has ruptured four kinds of relationships 1.​ with God 2.​ With others 3.​ With ourselves 4.​ With nature Sin makes men accomplices of one another. structures of sins which lead people to do evil. Structure of sin: 1.​ Corruption 2.​ Human trafficking 3.​ Government policies that contrary to the good V. Family a.​ Family -​ The first and vital cell of society, -​ Starting point of society From family, citizens of society is born From family, find the social virtues which allows society to exist and develop. Family is a “mini society” we find: a.​ Authority and hierarchy  -​ One learns to acknowledge the need for authority and hierarchy and respect those in position -​ Honored that father and mother -​ Authority is the power to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience. -​ through the authority of our parents we are truly to be educated in the truth to be guided to the good parents have authority over us because of their natural responsibility to take care of us People in government have authority over us because it is given to them by people through a majority vote Movements that tried to eliminate all of our hierarchy. 1.​ communism the Hippy movement of the 1960s b. Use of freedom -​ in the family, we are taught to make decisions -​ We use our freedom to fulfill our responsibility or role in the family -​ The duty to take care of each member in the family c. Learning to deal with others -​ our relationship with people are built within the family -​ In the family, we learn to communicate and then go shit -​ we learn to share -​ We learn to deal with different kinds of people ( young, old, sick, people in need, people with dislike) d. Learn to love others -​ Love not because of what they do for us, but for who they are -​ Chai tea with the family helps us recognize the need for the common good VI. Marriage -​ Family is created through marriage -​ A stable marriage can lead to stability of the family as it allows children to learn to be good to citizens of society. Code cannon law: -​ marriage is the covenant by which a man and women establish between themselves a partner of the whole of life, and which ordered by its nature to the good of spouses and the procreation and education of offspring End goal of marriage 1.​ Good of the spouses. (union) 2.​ Procreation The inseparable bond of marriage reflects the inseparable love of Christ for his church. Christ races marriage to the dignity of a sacrament between the baptized