Subnetting and VLSM PDF

Subnetting and VLSM Subnetting Is a process of dividing large network into the smaller networks with fixed number of hosts assigned per network based on Layer 3 IP addressing method. Class C Subnetting Class B Subnetting Class A Subnetting Class C Subnet Divide the class C network o...

Subnetting and VLSM Subnetting Is a process of dividing large network into the smaller networks with fixed number of hosts assigned per network based on Layer 3 IP addressing method. Class C Subnetting Class B Subnetting Class A Subnetting Class C Subnet Divide the class C network on the last (4th) octet Example 1: Given Network is 192.168.1.0 / 25 Requirements: 1. Calculate the Subnet mask per network 2. Calculate the number of hosts per network 3. Calculate the number of networks can be created 4. Determine the NID, IP range and the BID Class C Subnet Requirements: 1. To calculate the Subnet mask per network for /25 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 255. 255.255.128 Class C Subnet Requirements: 2. To calculate the number of hosts per network for /25 Remaining 0 bits =7 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 Number of hosts = 2n Where n = number of remaining zero bits Number of hosts = 27 Number of hosts = 128 per network Class C Subnet Requirements: 3. To calculate the number of networks can be created for /25 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 # of networks = total Class C hosts / Calculated number of hosts # of networks = 256 hosts / 128 hosts # of networks = 2 Class C Subnet Requirements: 4. To determine the NID, IP range and BID per network for /25 # of subnet NID IP range BID 1 200.100.100.0 200.100.100.1- 200.100.100.126 200.100.100.127 2 200.100.100.128 200.100.100.129- 200.100.100.254 200.100.100.255 Example 2: Given Network is 192.168.1.0 / 26 Requirements: 1. Calculate the Subnet mask per network 2. Calculate the number of hosts per network 3. Calculate the number of networks can be created 4. Determine the NID, IP range and the BID  Quiz Given Network is 200.100.100.0 / 27 Requirements: 1. Calculate the Subnet mask per network 2. Calculate the number of hosts per network 3. Calculate the number of networks can be created 4. Determine the NID, IP range and the BID Class C Subnet Requirements: 1. To calculate the number of hosts per network for /27 Remaining 0 bits =5 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000 255. 255. 255. 224 2. Number of hosts = 2n Where n = number of remaining zero bits Number of hosts = 25 Number of hosts = 32 hosts per network Class C Subnet Requirements: 3. To calculate the number of networks can be created for /27 # of networks = total Class C hosts / Calculated number of hosts # of networks = 256 hosts / 32 hosts # of networks = 8 networks To address the requirement 4: Net NID IP range BID 1 200.100.100.0 200.100.100.1 – 200.100.100.30200.100.100.31 2 200.100.100.32 200.100.100.33-200.100.100.62 200.100.100.63 3 200.100.100.64 200.100.100.65-200.100.100.94 200.100.100.95 4 200.100.100.96 200.100.100.97-200.100.100.126 200.100.100.127 5 200.100.100.128 200.100.100.129-200.100.100.158 200.100.100.159 6 200.100.100.160 200.100.100.161-200.100.100.190 200.100.100.191 7 200.100.100.192 200.100.100.193-200.100.100.222 200.100.100.223 8 200.100.100.224 200.100.100.225-200.100.100.254 200.100.100.255 Example 3: You are working in an ISP and tasked to divide the Class C network 199.10.10.0 to connect the following offices: Accounting – 10 hosts Marketing - 8 hosts Operations - 60 hosts Requirements: 1. What is the Subnet mask to be used per network? 2. What number of hosts intended per network? 3. How many number of networks can be created? 4. What is the NID, IP range and the BID assigned to Accounting office, Marketing and Operations? Example 3: You are working in an ISP and tasked to divide the Class C network 199.10.10.0 to connect the following offices: Accounting – 10 hosts Marketing - 8 hosts Operations - 60 hosts To address the requirements: 1. Consider which among the given offices has the most number of hosts 2. Plot according to decimal equivalent  Accounting – 10 hosts Marketing - 8 hosts Operations - 60 hosts To address the requirement 1: 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 11111111.11111111.11111111.1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 255.255.255.192  Accounting – 10 hosts Marketing - 8 hosts Operations - 60 hosts To address the requirement 2: 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 11111111.11111111.11111111.1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 64 hosts per network  Accounting – 10 hosts Marketing - 8 hosts Operations - 60 hosts To address the requirement 3: # of network = total Class C network / calculated hosts # of network = 256 / 64 # of network = 4 networks  Accounting – 10 hosts Marketing - 8 hosts Operations - 60 hosts To address the requirement 4: # of network NID IP range BID 1 199.10.10.0 199.10.10.1 – 199.10.10.62 199.10.10.63 - Accounting 2 199.10.10.64 199.10.10.65-199.10.10.126 199.10.10.127 - Marketing 3 199.10.10.128 199.10.10.129-199.10.10.190 199.10.10.191 - Operations 4 199.10.10.192 199.10.10.193-199.10.10.254 199.10.10.255 Class B Subnet Divide the class B network on the 3rd octet Example 1: Given Network is 130.100.0.0 / 17 Requirements: 1. Calculate the Subnet mask per network 2. Calculate the number of hosts per network 3. Calculate the number of networks can be created 4. Determine the NID, IP range and the BID Class C Subnet Requirements: 1. To calculate the Subnet mask per network for /17 11111111.11111111.10000000.00000000 255. 255.128.0 Requirements: 2. To calculate the number of hosts per network for /17 Remaining 0 bits = 15 11111111.11111111.10000000.00000000 Number of hosts = 2n Where n = number of remaining zero bits Number of hosts = 215 Number of hosts = 32768 hosts per network Quiz Given Network : 192.168.1.0 / 27 Requirements: 1. Calculate the Subnet Mask (2 Pts) 2. Calculate the number of hosts per network (2 Pts) 3. Calculate the number of networks that can be created (2 Pts) 4. Assign Accounting to 5th Network (3 Pts) 5. Assign Operations to 3rd Network (3 Pts) 6. Assign Marketing to 7th Network (3 Pts) Solution Requirement 1: 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 11111111.11111111.11111111.1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 255.255.255.224 Requirement 2: 2n =25 = 32 hosts Requirement 3: = 256 / 32 = 8 networks To address the requirement 4: Net NID IP range BID 1 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.1 – 192.168.1.30 192.168.1.31 2 192.168.1.32 192.168.1.32-192.168.1.62 192.168.1.63 3 192.168.1.64 192.168.1.65-192.168.1.94 192.168.1.95 - Operations 4 192.168.1.96 192.168.1.97-192.168.1.126 192.168.1.127 5 192.168.1.128 192.168.1.129-192.168.1.158 192.168.1.159 - Accounting 6 192.168.1.160 192.168.1.161-192.168.1.190 192.168.1.191 7 192.168.1.192 192.168.1.193-192.168.1.222 192.168.1.223 - Marketing 8 192.168.1.224 192.168.1.225-192.168.1.254 192.168.1.255 Class B Subnet Requirements: 3. To calculate the number of networks can be created for /17 # of networks = total Class B hosts / Calculated number of hosts # of networks = 65536 hosts / 32768 hosts # of networks = 2 Class B Subnet Requirements: 4. To determine the NID, IP range and BID per network for /17 To get the interval per network = 256/2 networks =128 # of subnet NID IP range BID 1 130.100.0.0 130.100.0.1- 130.100.127.254 130.100.127.255 2 130.100.128.0 130.100.128.1- 130.100.255.254 130.100.255.255 Class B Subnet Divide the class B network on the 3rd octet Example 2: Given Network is 190.0.0.0 / 19 Requirements: 1. Calculate the Subnet mask per network 2. Calculate the number of hosts per network 3. Calculate the number of networks can be created 4. Determine the NID, IP range and the BID Class B Subnet Requirements: 1. To calculate the Subnet mask per network for /19 11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000 255. 255.224.0 Requirements: 2. To calculate the number of hosts per network for /19 Remaining 0 bits = 13 11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000 Number of hosts = 2n Where n = number of remaining zero bits Number of hosts = 213 Number of hosts = 8192 hosts per network Class B Subnet Requirements: 3. To calculate the number of networks can be created for /19 # of networks = total Class B hosts / Calculated number of hosts # of networks = 65356 hosts / 8192 hosts # of networks = 8  Class B Subnet 4. To determine the NID, IP range and BID per network for /17 # of NID IP range BID subnet 1 190.0.0.0 190.0.0.1 to 190.0.31.25 190.0.31.254 5 2 190.0.32.0 190.0.32.1 to 190.0.63.25 190.0.63.254 5 3 190.0.64.0 190.0.64.1 to 190.0.95.25 190.0.95.254 5 4 190.0.96.0 190.0.96.1 to 190.0.127.2 190.0.127.254 55 5 190.0.128.0 190.0.128.1 to 190.0.159.2 190.0.159.254 55 Class B Subnet Example 3: You are tasked to assign an IP address range to the following networks below using 130.255.0.0. Requirements: Perth – 16K hosts 1. Calculate the subnet mask per network Melbourne – 15K hosts 2. Calculate the number of networks Victoria – 13K hosts can be created Queensland - 16.3K hosts 3. Determine the NID, IP range and BID to be assigned for Perth, Melbourne, Victoria and Queensland To determine the subnet mask: Highest number of network is Queensland, of which contains 16.3K 65536 32768 16384 8192 4096 2048 1024 512 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000 255 255 192 0 Class B Subnet Requirements: 3. To calculate the number of networks can be created for /17 # of networks = total Class B hosts / Calculated number of hosts # of networks = 65356 hosts / 16384 hosts # of networks = 4  Class B Subnet 4. To determine the NID, IP range and BID per network Perth interval per network = 256 / 4 = 64 # of NID IP range BID subn et 1 130.255.0.0 130.255.0.1 to 130.255.63.2 130.255.63.254 55 2 130.255.64. 130.255.64.1 to 130.255.127. 0 130.255.127.254 255 3 130.255.12 130.255.128.1to Melbourne 130.255.191. Queensland 8.0 130.255.191.254 255 Victoria Class A Subnet Divide the class A network on the 2nd octet Example 1: Given Network is 10.0.0.0 / 10 Requirements: 1. Calculate the Subnet mask per network 2. Calculate the number of hosts per network 3. Calculate the number of networks can be created 4. Determine the NID, IP range and the BID Class A Subnet Requirements: 1. To calculate the Subnet mask per network for /10 11111111.11000000.00000000.00000000 255. 192.0.0 2. To calculate the number of hosts per network = 2n = 222 = 4194304 hosts per network Class A Subnet Requirements: 2. To calculate the number of networks can be created for /17 # of networks = total Class B hosts / Calculated number of hosts # of networks = 16,777,216 hosts / 4194304 hosts # of networks = 4  Class A Subnet 4. To determine the NID, IP range and BID per network interval per network = 256 / 4 = 64 # of NID IP range BID subn et 1 10.0.0.0 10.0.0.1 to 10.63.255.254 10.63.255.25 5 2 10.64.0.0 10.64.0.1 to 10.127.255.2 10.127.255.254 55 3 10.128.0.0 10.128.0.1 to 10.191.255.2 10.191.255.254 55 VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Mask)  Subnetting vs VLSM dividing large network dividing large network into the smaller networks into the smaller subnets with fixed number of hosts of different sizes. assigned per network Example 1 You are working in an ISP and tasked to divide the Class C network 199.10.10.0 to connect the following offices: Accounting – 10 hosts Marketing - 8 hosts Operations - 60 hosts To address the requirements: 1. Consider which among the given offices has the most number of hosts 2. Plot according to decimal equivalent  Accounting – 10 hosts Marketing - 8 hosts Operations - 60 hosts To address the requirement 1: 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 11111111.11111111.11111111.1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 255.255.255.192  Accounting – 10 hosts Marketing - 8 hosts Operations - 60 hosts To address the requirement 2: 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 11111111.11111111.11111111.1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 64 hosts per network  Accounting – 10 hosts Marketing - 8 hosts Operations - 60 hosts To address the requirement 3: # of network = total Class C network / calculated hosts # of network = 256 / 64 # of network = 4 networks  Accounting – 10 hosts Marketing - 8 hosts Operations - 60 hosts To address the requirement 4: # of network NID IP range BID 1 199.10.10.0 199.10.10.1 – 199.10.10.62 199.10.10.63 - Accounting 2 199.10.10.64 199.10.10.65-199.10.10.126 199.10.10.127 - Marketing 3 199.10.10.128 199.10.10.129-199.10.10.190 199.10.10.191 - Operations 4 199.10.10.192 199.10.10.193-199.10.10.254 199.10.10.255  Accounting – 10 hosts Marketing - 8 hosts Operations - 60 hosts # of network NID IP range BID 1 199.10.10.0 199.10.10.1 – 199.10.10.62 199.10.10.63 - Operations 2 199.10.10.64 199.10.10.65-199.10.10.126 199.10.10.127 3 199.10.10.128 199.10.10.129-199.10.10.190 199.10.10.191 4 199.10.10.192 199.10.10.193-199.10.10.254 199.10.10.255  Accounting – 10 hosts Marketing - 8 hosts # of network NID IP range BID 1 199.10.10.0 199.10.10.1 – 199.10.10.62 199.10.10.63 - Operations 2 199.10.10.64 199.10.10.65-199.10.10.126 199.10.10.127 3 199.10.10.128 199.10.10.129-199.10.10.190 Accounti 199.10.10.191 4 199.10.10.192 199.10.10.193-199.10.10.254 ng 199.10.10.255 Hosts = 64 SM = Host = 32 SM = Host = 16 SM = 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 NID = 199.10.10.64 NID = 199.10.10.64 NID = 199.10.10.64 IP range = 199.10.10.65 IP range = 199.10.10.65 IP range = 199.10.10.65 199.10.10.126 199.10.10.94 199.10.10.78 BID = 199.10.10.127 BID = 199.10.10.95 BID = 199.10.10.79 Host = 32 SM = Host = 16 SM = 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 NID = 199.10.10.96 NID = 199.10.10.80 IP range = 199.10.10.97 IP range = 199.10.10.81 199.10.10.126 Marketin 199.10.10.94 BID199.10.10.127 g BID = 199.10.10.95 Given network = 192.168.1.0 subnetworks Buhangin – 100 hosts Cabantian – 50 hosts Sasa - 30 hosts