Fall 2023 PNB2264 Practical 2 Study Guide PDF

**[FALL 2023: PNB2264 PRACTICAL 2 STUDY GUIDE]** (*Resources: Lab PPT, Tophat, Kuracloud, and VHD)* **Lab 5: EMG** - Learn to use hardware POWERLAB and associated software in the Lt - Record EMG signals in Lt - Learn to use annotations and to analyze signals in the Lt software. - Learn...

**[FALL 2023: PNB2264 PRACTICAL 2 STUDY GUIDE]** (*Resources: Lab PPT, Tophat, Kuracloud, and VHD)* **Lab 5: EMG** - Learn to use hardware POWERLAB and associated software in the Lt - Record EMG signals in Lt - Learn to use annotations and to analyze signals in the Lt software. - Learn to differentiate reciprocal activation, and co-contraction - Define isometric and isotonic contractions and relate them to the exercises we did in lab **Lab 6 Objectives:** - Learn to use hardware POWERLAB and associated software in the Lt - What is force transducer, why do we need calibration? - What is threshold, maximal and supramaximal excitation stimulus? - Reminder: single muscle fiber has all or none response, muscle (with many muscle fibers) has graded response - Twitch, Length-tension curve, frequency modulation experiments (summation, tetanus, fatigue): recordings, graphs, explanations - Reasons for fatigue of the muscles, reason for rigor mortis - Neuromuscular junction events **Lab 7 objectives:** - Understand the differences between intracellular recording and extracellular recording. - Describe the all-or-none response of a single axon. - Determine nerve conduction velocity using absolute (V=distance/latency period) and differential method **V= D2-D1/LP2-LP1;** *NEED TO KNOW THIS FORMULA* - Explain the difference between the absolute and relative refractory periods of a nerve - Explain biphasic recording **Lab 8 objectives:** - Define monosynaptic and polysynaptic *reflex* and *reflex arc*. Jendrassic maneuver - Understand recording and analysis - Identify the major external and internal structures of the brain on a human brain model and a preserved sheep brain. - Identify the cranial nerves on a human brain model or a preserved sheep brain. - Identify important anatomical areas on a spinal cord model or diagram. - Slides: spinal cord, cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex (to know to identify under the microscope). **On the spinal cord model, locate the following:** A diagram of the human body Description automatically generated 1. White matter  2. Dorsal root 3. Gray matter (dorsal and ventral horns)  4. Dorsal root ganglion 5. Anterior median fissure 6. Ventral root 7. Posterior median sulcus  8. Central canal **a. Brain-Superior (Dorsal) view****:** 1. gyri  2. sulci  3. longitudinal cerebral fissure  4. frontal lobe  5. parietal lobe 6. occipital lobe **Brain- Lateral view:** 1. frontal lobe  2. parietal lobe  3. temporal lobe  4. occipital lobe  5. central sulcus 6. lateral sulcus 7. somatomotor area  8. somatosensory area  9. cerebellum **Brain-Inferior (Ventral) view:** A close-up of a brain Description automatically generated 1. olfactory bulb  2. optic chiasma   3. 4. mammillary bodies   5. 6. pons  7. medulla oblongata 8. cerebellum **-**  **Midsagittal view:** 1. frontal lobe 2. parietal lobe 3. occipital lobe 4. lateral ventricle 5. third ventricle 6. cerebral aqueduct 7. fourth ventricle 8. corpus callosum 9. fornix 10. optic chiasm 11. thalamus 12. pineal gland 13. superior colliculi 14. inferior colliculi 15. midbrain 16. pons 17. medulla oblongata 18. cerebellum 19. hypothalamus **Cranial nerves:** 12 cranial nerves, location and function (sensory, motor or mixed). A close up of a brain Description automatically generated **Lab 9 objectives:** - *Slides: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal gland* - understand the physiologic importance of metabolic rate measurement. - understand the effect of hypo-, hyper-, and eu-thyroid (normal-control) conditions on oxygen consumption and metabolic rate. - calculate metabolic rate in terms of ml O2/min/g; ***NEED TO KNOW THIS FORMULA*** - identify gross morphology of the eye and ear - *identify retina and cochlea on microscopic slides* - identify cellular layers in retina and Organ of Corti in cochlea.  A close-up of a microscope Description automatically generated **EAR** Pinna (Auricle) Vestibular Nerve Cochlear Nerve Membranous Labyrinth Osseous (Bony) Labyrinth Eustachian (Auditory) Tube Cochlea Semicircular Canals Vestibule Round Window Oval Window Stapes (Stirrup) Incus (Anvil) Malleus (Hammer) Tympanic Membrane External Auditory Canal **EYE** A diagram of a human eye Description automatically generated pupil iris sclera cornea aqueous humor optic nerve optic disc (blind spot) vitreous humor lens ciliary body retina choroid macula lutea fovea centralis tapetum lucidum **Lab 10 objectives: Learn about causes and treatments:** 1. Stroke 2. Shingles 3. Spinal cord injury 4. Muscle fatigue 5. Narcolepsy 6. Bones spurs 7. Herniated disk 8. Parkinson's Disease