Psyc 304 Final Study Guide PDF

**Psyc 304** **Final Study Guide** 1. Normal distribution and central tendency (N, Median, Mean, Mode, Range). Know what they are, and how to solve for them. Also know what happens to each when there is an outlier. Know what happens to the bell curve if there is a large standard devia...

**Psyc 304** **Final Study Guide** 1. Normal distribution and central tendency (N, Median, Mean, Mode, Range). Know what they are, and how to solve for them. Also know what happens to each when there is an outlier. Know what happens to the bell curve if there is a large standard deviation vs a small standard deviation (hint: the bell curve is narrow for one, wide for another) 2. Standard Deviation vs Variance: what is the difference? Why might we prefer one over the other? 3. Know how to identify variable data types, and where they can be used (correlation or regression) 4. Statistical language: know that statistics and parameters relate to samples and populations 5. Null hypothesis vs alternative hypothesis: how to describe it verbally and via equations 1. Understand what a directional vs nondirectional hypothesis is 2. Under what circumstances would you reject the null hypothesis 3. What does it mean to detect an effect 6. Choosing a correct test for a given situation 4. Correlation 5. Regression i. Standardized ii. Unstandardized 6. One sample t-test 7. Within-groups t test 8. **Between-groups t-test** 9. **Z-test** iii. **N=1** iv. **N\>1** 7. **What is Alpha level?** 8. **What is Sample size?** 9. **What is Type I error, and Type II error?** 10. **What can a correlation coefficient and scatterplot can tell you about the strength and direction between a relationship of two variables?** 10. **What does a bigger 'r' (correlation coefficient) mean?** 11. **What can a histogram tell you? Remember it tells you something different than a scatterplot (hint: it is related to the mode)** 12. **How to solve variance (r\^2, r-squared) if you have 'r' (correlation coefficient)? What does r\^2 mean?** 11. **What is r's possible range vs r\^2's possible range?** 13. **Z-score formula (the only formula you need to memorize)** 12. **To find a Z value** 14. **How to use the 68-95-99.7 rule (hint: memorize which standard deviation goes with 68, 95, and 99.7)** 15. **What is *power* and how does it relate to statistical decision making?** 16. **Knowing the different hypothesis testing steps (5 total steps) when:** 13. **N\>1** 14. **N=1** 17. **Knowing the different hypothesis testing steps (5 total steps) for:** 15. **One-sample t-test** 16. **Within groups t-test** 17. **Between groups t-test** 18. **Using an ANOVA** 18. **When is an ANOVA a better test than t-tests?** 19. **What does a high F statistic mean (and what does it not mean)?** 20. **When do we use post-hoc tests? Which ones?** 21. **Knowing the 5 hypothesis testing steps for an ANOVA (remember that I will give you SSwithin and SSbetween...but you must know where to use it)** 19. **Using a Chi-squared test** 22. **When do we use this kind of test (i.e., what kind of variable data type do the independent variable & dependent variable need to be)?** 23. **How to find the observed chi-square and critical chi-square, and how do you decide if you're rejecting the null hypothesis based on those two values?** 20. **Effect size and statistical significance** 24. **What is each one? How do they compare to one another?**