HIS 112 American History Fall 2024 Study Guide PDF

Study Guide, Final Exam HIS 112, American History from Civil War to Global Power, Fall 2024 Identification Terms (define and state historical significance) Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944 (G.I. Bill) | Levittown | baby boom | shopping centers | Home Owners’ Loan Corporation...

Study Guide, Final Exam HIS 112, American History from Civil War to Global Power, Fall 2024 Identification Terms (define and state historical significance) Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944 (G.I. Bill) | Levittown | baby boom | shopping centers | Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) | redlining | Shelley v. Kraemer (1948) | (Truman’s) Executive Order 9981 | Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 | Friedrich Hayek | Cold War | George Kennan | Long Telegram | containment | iron curtain | Truman Doctrine | Marshall Plan | Berlin Airlift | North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) | Korean War | States’ Rights Democratic Party (Dixiecrats) | House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) | Second Red Scare | Ronald Reagan | Richard Nixon | Joseph McCarthy | Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 (National Interstate and Defense Highways Act) | Dwight D. Eisenhower | Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) | Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company (1955) | Rosa Parks | Montgomery Bus Boycott | Martin Luther King Jr. | Civil Rights Movement | Emmet Till | Lyndon Johnson | Domino Theory | H-bomb | duck and cover | Sputnik | Space Race | massive retaliation | John F. Kennedy | military-industrial complex | Fidel Castro | Bay of Pigs | Nikita Khrushchev | Berlin Wall | Cuban Missile Crisis | Sit-in Movement | Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) | Freedom Riders | Robert F. Kennedy | Letter from Birmingham Jail | George Wallace | March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom | Lee Harvey Oswald | Civil Rights Act of 1964 | Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) | Great Society | Medicare & Medicaid | Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 | Twenty-fourth Amendment | Voting Rights Act of 1965 | Reynolds v. Sims (1964) | blockbusting | white flight | Kerner Commission report (1968) | Malcolm X | Stokley Carmichael | black power | Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) | New Left | Free Speech Movement | counterculture/hippies | Vietnam War | Ho Chi Minh | Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | Equal Pay Act of 1963 | Betty Friedan | Second-wave feminism | Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) | Rachel Carson | Fair Housing Act | “silent majority” | Southern Strategy | Henry Kissinger | détente | Daniel Ellsberg | Pentagon Papers | New York Times v. United States (1971) | Watergate scandal | Apollo 11 | OPEC oil embargo (1973–74) | stagflation | Jimmy Carter | deindustrialization | crisis of confidence/malaise speech | busing | Nixon Shock | affirmative action | Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) | Stonewall riots | Roe v. Wade (1973) | Equal Rights Amendment | Phyllis Schlafly | religious right | Iran hostage crisis | Reagan Democrats | supply-side economics/Reaganomics | PATCO strike | Rust Belt | Walter Mondale & Geraldine Ferraro | mutually assured destruction | Strategic Defense Initiative (“Star Wars”) | Iran-Contra affair | Mikhail Gorbachev | Sandra Day O’Connor | George H. W. Bush | Persian Gulf War | Saddam Hussein | Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 | Bill Clinton | North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) | Hillary Rodham Clinton | 1994 Crime Bill | Newt Gingrich | welfare reform | Monica Lewinsky | Al Gore | George W. Bush | Bush v. Gore (2000) | 9/11 | al-Qaeda | Osama bin Laden | Mujahideen | Taliban | Department of Homeland Security | War on Terror | Bush Doctrine | weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) | Iraq War | Nancy Pelosi | Financial Crisis of 2007–08 | subprime mortgage loans | Great Recession | Barack Obama | American Recovery and Reinvestment Act | Affordable Care Act (“Obamacare”) | Tea Party movement | Occupy Wall Street | District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) | Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) | Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) | Vladimir Putin | Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) | Black Lives Matter | Donald Trump | MeToo movement | Covid-19 Pandemic | George Floyd | Joe Biden | January 6th, 2021 | Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization (2022) | Kamala Harris | Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard (2023) Short Essay What was the U.S. policy of containment in the context of the Cold War, and how was it related to the Truman Doctrine and the Korean War? How did the U.S. get involved in the war in Vietnam, and why did it become so controversial? Study Guide, Final Exam HIS 112, American History from Civil War to Global Power, Fall 2024 How did the Cold War conflict produce a Second Red Scare, and how did Senator Joseph McCarthy exploit fears of communism? How did Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka and the Montgomery Bus Boycott challenge the “separate but equal” principle established in 1896 by the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision? What were the aims and tactics of activists in the civil rights movement such as Martin Luther King Jr., and how did they differ from those of “black power” activists such as Stokely Carmichael? How did Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society programs expand the role of the federal government in the lives of ordinary citizens? What was Richard Nixon referring to when he called for “law and order,” and how did his victory in the 1968 presidential election represent a realignment of American politics? What was “stagflation” and how did it lead to Jimmy Carter’s “crisis of confidence” speech? How did busing and affirmative action seek to end racial segregation and discrimination, and why did these practices become controversial? What was the Equal Rights Amendment, and why did activists such as Phyllis Schlafly oppose it? What issues motivated the religious right, and why was the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980 seen as a major victory for conservatives? How did Reaganomics (a.k.a. “supply-side” or “trickle-down” economics) depart from the economic orthodoxy that preceded it, Keynesianism? How did Reagan’s approach to the Cold War depart from the policy of détente, and how may it have contributed to the demise of the Soviet Union? How did “New Democrats” such as Bill Clinton depart from the main concerns of the Democratic Party since the New Deal? Why might President Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI or “Star Wars”), if effectively implemented as an anti-nuclear missile defense system, be contrary to the principle of “mutually assured destruction” as a deterrent to nuclear war? What happened on 9/11, and how did it lead to the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan in October of 2001? How did the Iraq War that began in 2003 exemplify both the rationale and the peril of the preemptive logic of the “Bush Doctrine”? How did the Supreme Court uphold the rights of gay couples, gun owners, and corporations during the Obama administration? Signature Assignment essay You may refer to notes for this essay on one three-by-five-inch notecard (front and back), distributed by the instructor, which you’ll turn in along with your exam. Identify a shortcoming of present-day American public policy (e.g., lack of access to healthcare, unequal education, insufficient housing, etc.) that, in your view, fails to achieve the promises of the American founding documents (the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution and its amendments), and explain the historical reasons for the failure, citing evidence presented in this class, including lectures and required readings. Finally, propose a solution in the form of an amendment to the Constitution, and explain the political difficulties you might foresee in ratifying the amendment, given the history of debate and conflict over your issue.