Magnetic Forces Study Guide PDF

Magnetic forces What is a magnet: A magnet attracts iron and materials that contain iron, or other metals They can be , like the ones you use in the kitchen, or any size the entire earth and beyond. What happens when a magnet comes in contact with another magnet? If 2...

Magnetic forces What is a magnet: A magnet attracts iron and materials that contain iron, or other metals They can be , like the ones you use in the kitchen, or any size the entire earth and beyond. What happens when a magnet comes in contact with another magnet? If 2 magnets are facing the same poles, like north and north and south and south, they will repel each other. But if one magnet is north and the other is south, they will attract each other. This is because opposites attract, while the same poles push away from each other. When would a magnet attract strongest, on iron or another magnet. The magnet attracts stronger on iron in the ends of the magnet, because all the force is in the end. How does magnetism work? It is caused by a force that can act at a distance. This is a push or a pull that occurs magnetic force when a magnet interacts with another object Some large magnets can objects from many meters attract away, for example, they can be powerful enough to lift a car or truck. Notes: A magnet always exerts a pull on a magnetic object that is not itself a magnet Every magnet has two ends called where the magnetic poles, magnetic force is the strongest One pole is known as the and the other is known North pole, as the South pole There are two types of magnets: temporary and permanent Temporary: An iron or steel object that is touching an object can become a magnet itself as long as contact exists Permanent: Some materials that contain iron or certain other materials can become permanent magnets after interacting with other magnets Permanent and temporary: Magnetism can be a permanent or temporary property of a material Magnetic fields Vocab : Magnetic force: - Forces created by magnets that can attract or repel each other. Magnetic field: the Area around magnets Objects in the field: They experience a force in the magnetic field, and line up with it. They become temporary magnets Single magnetic field: Is Produced by one magnet Pole to pole Curve around the magnet Complete loops North to South Never cross each other Strongest when its closer together Combined magnetic field: Two magnets placed near each other When two like poles are close together, the poles and the magnetic fields around them repel each other When two opposite poles are close together, the fields combine to form a strong magnetic field between the two magnets Never cross each other north to south or south to north it moves in a circular motion. The more the loops the stronger the magnetic field. Earth's magnetic fields:  The magnetic field lines pass out of the core and through the rocky mantle, and loop through the space Used for navigation - magnetized needle that can turn easily and interacts with the magnetic field Materials in the core of the planet generate a magnetic field similar to the bar magnet Magnetic poles: near geographic poles - strongest here Video to help -> Earth's Magnetic Field How do earth's magnetic fields protect us? Solar Wind: constant stream of particles flowing from sun to earth. The particles have electric charges and travel rapidly with a lot of energy If the solar wind reaches earth, they could harm living things Electromagnetic forces Vocab: Electromagnetic: The relationship between electricity and magnetism. Solenoid: A coil of wire with a current. electromagnet:A magnet created by wrapping a coil of wire with a current running through it around a core of material that is easily magnetized. Produce: To use a combination of materials and processes to create something new. Magnetism from Electricity: The direction of a current in a straight wire affects the magnetic field that forms. The magnetic field produced by a current has a certain direction and a certain strength. Magnetic fields around straight wires: The right-hand rule - the fields direction depends on the direction of the current Changing the strength of a magnetic field - change the amount of current in the wire Can be turned on and off Magnetic fields around wire loops: Strength can also be controlled, as well as turning it on and off The strength of magnetic field can be increased by: Increasing the number of coils around the nail. Adding more current by adding the number of batteries or using a larger voltage battery. Using iron materials Describe and compare magnetic fields around straight wires & around looped wires: Magnetic fields around straight wires are circular and centered on the wire, with the direction determined by the right-hand rule. In contrast, magnetic fields around looped wires (or coils) are stronger and concentrated in the center, forming a more uniform field. The field lines around loops are denser, showing a stronger magnetic field compared to that around a straight wire. Solenoids: A coil of wire with a current running through it. The magnetic field is very strong in the center of the coil One end acts like the North pole, the other end acts like the South pole Field Strengths and Solenoids: Increase the magnetic field by → Increasing the number of coils You can also increase the current to increase the magnetic field. Field Strengths and Solenoids: Adding a ferromagnetic material: It becomes a magnet when exposed to a magnetic field. It makes a solenoid an electromagnet. Examples of the usage of electromagnets: Maglev Trains: Lifting and propelling trains at high speeds. MRI Machines: Creating strong magnetic fields for medical imaging. Electric Bells: Ringing when the circuit is completed. Electric forces Vocab: Electric current: the flow of electric charge through a conductor. Static electricity: static electricity is the build up charge on the surface of objects, typically caused by friction Insulator: An insulator is a material that resists the flow of electricity, such as rubber, plastic, or glass, and is used to protect against electric currents. Conductor: A conductor is a material that allows electricity to flow easily through it, with common examples being metals like copper and aluminum. What is the difference between an electric current and static electricity: Electric current is the continuous flow of electric charge, while static electricity is the buildup of electric charge that remains stationary until discharged. What is static discharge and when it happens: Static discharge happens when electricity that has built up on an object suddenly jumps to another object. This usually occurs when two things touch and then separate, causing a transfer of tiny particles called electrons. some examples: 1. Touching Metal: When you walk on a carpet and then touch a metal doorknob, you might feel a little shock. That's a static discharge. 2. Lightning: Lightning is a big example of static discharge. It happens when clouds build up a lot of electric charge and then release it all at once. Describe the methods of charging electric fields: Charging electric fields can happen in several ways. Friction occurs when two different materials, like a balloon and hair, are rubbed together, causing electrons to move and giving the balloon a negative charge. Conduction happens when a charged object touches a neutral one, transferring charge, like when you touch a charged metal rod. Induction involves bringing a charged object close to a neutral object, causing the charges to rearrange without touching, such as a charged balloon near a wall. By: Layan Ebrahim