Music 3 Past Paper PDF - 2020

Subject Code: MUSIC 3 History and Characteristics of Western Music Guide Code: 3.0 Music of the Baroque Period Lesson Code: 3.2 Instrumental Music Time Limit: 30 minutes...

Subject Code: MUSIC 3 History and Characteristics of Western Music Guide Code: 3.0 Music of the Baroque Period Lesson Code: 3.2 Instrumental Music Time Limit: 30 minutes TA ATA Compon Sample Tasks (in (in ent minute minute s) s) Target At the end of the lesson 3.2 student will be able to: 1 1. evaluate music excerpts using knowledge of musical elements and min. style. 2. identify the instrumental forms: concerto grosso, and fugue of the Baroque Period Music and: 3. listen to the two (2) excerpts from the given famous Baroque compositions below: Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D Major by Johan Sebastian Bach Organ Fugue in G minor by Johann Sebastian Bach (Little Fugue) Antonio Vivaldi’s, Four Seasons: The Spring ”La Primavera” Johann Pachelbel’s Canon in D (originally entitled, "Canon and Gigue in D Major Hook 4 Listen and watch the following YouTube selection and simultaneously fill-out mins. the concept map provided. (0:00-01:37 mins. only) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzlw6fUux4o&list=RDMMbT NNWAfjFGU&index=4 Air on G Strings (Suite no. 3 BWV 1068) | Voices of Music MUSIC 3 | Page 1 of 14 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  Figure No.1 Concept Map, created at https://infograph.venngage.com/ That music is a composition of JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH, entitled, AIR IN G STRINGS. It is a suite, an instrumental musical form in the Baroque era. According to Dela Cruz ( 2014) this suite of Bach is possibly the most popular because of its second movement known as “The Air”. This made frequent use of the lowest string of the violin which is pitched to G (sol). Thus, it bought about its title as such. In fact, in the Romantic period, the G-string was played often in an extreme Romantic style that required so much vibrato. It is more than amazing to know that Johann Sebastian Bach is almost the greatest creator of the expression of polyphony “which two independent melodies are played side by side in harmony. Dela cruz,(2014) also said that JS Bach is probably the only composer ever to make full use of the possibilities of art available in this time.” Ignite 6 In this phase, we will discuss known instrumental forms in the Baroque Period. mins. Unlocking Difficulties: ***Note to the teacher, here are some terminologies that you will encounter in the discussion Terminologies Definition Concerto Grosso a usual instrumental form of the period with a disparity between the large group and a group of soloists MUSIC 3 | Page 2 of 14 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  Concerto Grossi plural term for concerto grosso Tutti / Repieno Entire orchestra Concertin Group of solosists Ritornello Main idea or theme of the composition CONCERTO GROSSO One of the most important forms of the Baroque concerto and prospered as a court secular music. It has several movements varied from three to five, hence, most of the time it has three. These contrast in some elements like tempo, character, expression, theme, etc. as narrated by Britannica.com (2020) Boncella (2007) explained that between these contrasts is a “little return” also known as ritornello. It contrasts with a solo part, played by a soloist(s); a small group of the ensemble for example; 1 flute, 1 violin, harpsichord, and basso continuo. An average concerto lasts for 30 minutes. Here’s a brief illustration of the idea. Figure 2. Visual representation of concertino and repieno. Unpublished Materials for Music-3, PSHS CBZRC. Images Accessed from vitammusica.com and fineartamerica.com The link below is a brief discussion of the components of a concerto grosso, how a ritornello sounds like in a composition, and how the tutti and concertino contrast each other in a composition. ***Note: The video is 3:16 long. You may watch the entire video for appreciation and enjoyment or the first 1:30 mins. for instruction purposes. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VtS5kkndrS4 “Concerto Grosso and Ritornello Form Explained” ***Note: For a comprehensive video guide of the performance, you may go to this link. Note: This video material is not required to watch. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_V7oujd9djk “Brandernburg Concerto No. 5 in D Major by Johann Sebastian Bach” MUSIC 3 | Page 3 of 14 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  FUGUE Fugue is one of the foundations of the Music of the Baroque Period which is composed and written for vocal performances and/or a single melodic instrument like organ or harpsichord (at that time). Fugue is an example of polyphonic textured music which has a leading theme called, subject. While this form of music is performed, different melodic lines or voices are imitated. Fugue can be arranged from three to five voices and/or an instrument. Though the subject is played all throughout, it has a different sense when shared with a variety of rhythm and melodic patterns. Figure 3. Harpsichord. Retrieved from www.dkfindout.com Here is a visual presentation of the opening of the fugue. Figure 4. Visual Representation of Fugue Entrances. Unpublished Materials for Music-3, PSHS CBZRC. You will notice that as the top voice (soprano) announces the melody, the second voice (alto) imitates the same pattern. The same goes for tenor and bass. Kamien, (2012) mentioned that though from the idea of Baroque music, the subject may be announced by any voice- top, bottom, or middle, or etc., and the remaining order of the entrances is flexible. Kamien, (2012) discussed that “this fugue game of following the leader (exact imitation of the subject) does not continue indefinitely. The dotted lines in the diagram indicate that after a voice has presented the subject, it is free to go on its own way with different melodic material.” MUSIC 3 | Page 4 of 14 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  SONATA Sonata is considered one of the instrumental forms of music in the Baroque period. The word sonata evolved to a meaning a piece to be “played” instead of “sung”. This form of music is applied into a small or chamber instrumental works, with a simple form like binary and no identified number of movements. Some of the most important string works are Bach’s violin and cello sonata and Scarlatti’s solo sonata for harpsichord mentioned in https://www.bbc.co.uk/ (2020). If you want to listen to a sample of a sonata form, here’s Handel’s Trio Sonata in F Major. You may listen from 0:00-1:41 minutes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghYCFpUvP38 “Trio Sonata in F Major, HWV 389 – George Frideric Handel” BAROQUE SUITE This is also known as a dance suite. It comprised an ordered set of instrumental or orchestral pieces which is typically performed in a recital setting. The Baroque suite has several movements like overture (introduction), allemande (first dance in a suite and usually played in a moderate phase), courante (second dance written in triple meter), sarabande (this is a Spanish dance and is the slowest among the four dances) and gigue (in an upbeat and lively mood and is the concluding movement of the suite) discussed in courses.lumenlearning.com, (2020) Most of the instrumental composition of the time are dance forms. It includes gigue, sarabande, allemande, courante, and many more. Navigate At this juncture, let us analyze the selected materials. 15 ***Note to the teacher: The teacher may choose at least two (2) materials mins. he/she wishes to implement in class. ANTONIO VIVALDI’S WORK, FOUR SEASONS: THE SPRING/”LA PRIMAVERA”: A CONCERTO GROSSO. This composition is a form of programme music that evokes picturesque images also described as “music inspired by words”. MUSIC 3 | Page 5 of 14 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  Figure 5. Screenshot from Eugenie Middleton and Peter Thomas. Unwrap Vivaldi’s Four Seasons https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3nSvIiBNFo “Vivaldi, The Four Seasons, Spring ( La Primavera ), 1st movement ” LISTENING GUIDE 1. VIVALDI, La Primavera, from the Four Seasons First Movement: Allegro Form: Ritornello, common meter ( quadruple), E Major Played by Violin (solo), string ensemble, harpsichord (basso continuo) Time Limit: 3:38 THIS LISTENING GUIDE IS CAME FROM KAMIEN, ROGER (2002), MUSIC: AN APPRECIATION. (4TH ED) SPRING HAS COME TIME OUTLINE ANALYSIS/DESCRIPTION MONITOR 0:00 a. Tutti, ritornello introductory phrase, f, repeated, p. MUSIC 3 | Page 6 of 14 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  Figure 6. Excerpts from “La Primavera”. Encoded in Sibelius for LG Writing purposes. Concluding phrase has shift of accent, f, recurrent, p, major key. Figure 7. Excerpts from “La Primavera”. Encoded in Sibelius for LG Writing purposes. SONG OF BIRDS TIME OUTLIN ANALYSIS/DESCRIPTION MONITO E R 0:31 b. One violin joined by two violins from the ensemble, with high trills and repeated notes. 1:04 2.a Tutti, ritornello closing phrase, f. MURMURING OF STREAMS TIME OUTLIN ANALYSIS/DESCRIPTION MONITO E R 1:11 b. Violins, p, running notes, cellos, p, running notes below sustained notes in violins. 1:33 3.a Tutti, ritornello closing phrase, f. THUNDER AND LIGHTNING TIME OUTLIN ANALYSIS/DESCRIPTION MONITO E R 1:40 b. String tremolos, f, upward rushing scales introduce high solo violin, brilliant virtuoso passages answered by low string tremolos. 2:05 4.a Tutti, ritornello closing phrase in minor key, f. SONG OF BIRDS TIME OUTLIN ANALYSIS/DESCRIPTION MONITO E R 2:12 b. Solo violin joined by two violins from orchestra, high repeated notes and trills, minor key. 2:29 5.a Tutti, ritornello opening phrase varied, f, ends in major key. 2:40 b. Solo violin, running notes accompanied by basso continuo. MUSIC 3 | Page 7 of 14 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  2:53 6 Tutti, ritornello closing phrase, f, repeated p, major key. ***Note to the Teacher: This part is Optional Discussion Second Movement: Largo e pianissimo sempre (very slow and very soft throughout) The slow movement, with a C sharp minor mood, is much softer than the introductory part. The Second Movement has a quieter and peaceful introductory. It is in C sharp minor with limited instruments form the orchestra. These instruments are the solo violin and a few violins with violas. A passionate sweet melody of one violin portrays the goatherd’s slumber and as described by Kamien (2012) “while a soft, rocking figure in the violins suggests a rustling of leaves”. The barking of a “faithful dog” imitated by the violas with a repeated tone and alternating long and short pulses. As described by Kamien, (2012), “The tranquility of this pastoral scene is evoked by the movement’s unchanging texture, rhythm, and dynamic level.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yW_C0R8aKvo “Vivaldi, The Four Seasons, Spring ( La Primavera ), 2nd movement ” Listen from 0:16 up to 2:52 only ****Note: This part is Optional Discussion Third Movement: Danza Pastorale (Pastoral Dance) First and Third movements have a similarity in terms of alternating solo and tutti sections. Kamien (2012) described that “The playful ritornello theme, with its dotted rhythms, suggests nymphs and shepherds dancing in the fields”. However, the lower string which sustains replicates the country bagpipes drone. In the end, the solo violin has dazzling melodic patterns which are distinctive of the style of Baroque Music. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11H6jo8BEw8 “Vivaldi, The Four Seasons, Spring ( La Primavera ), 3rd movement ” Listen up to 3:48 minutes. According to Blair (2020) this composition of Johann Sebastian Bach was named “little fugue” not for being uncommonly short than the other composition, but because of his other composition “the Great” or G minor Fantasia and Fugue. The first few measures of this music are one of the most popular tunes of his compositions, has four separate melodic lines, and a pedal which was treated as a full equivalent of three manual voices. Blair, (2020) also described that Bach uses Corelli’s style which is “the imitation between two voices on an eighth note upbeat figure that first leaps up MUSIC 3 | Page 8 of 14 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  a fourth and then falls back down one step at a time. And those who love to find precise, mathematical structural divisions and markers in Bach's music will enjoy noting that it is in the 33rd measure -- one measure shy of the exact midpoint of BWV 578 -- that Bach first introduces the subject in a key outside the tonic-dominant loop of the exposition.” Let us now analyze one of the compositions of Johann Sebastian Bach Organ Fugue in G minor (Little Fugue). Use the Listening Guide below as you watch the videos to fully understand what is happening in the composition. The first link is the basis of the time monitor in the table of your listening outline. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bbox4oi6HjA “BWV-578 Little Fugue in G minor (Scrolling)” With Music Score Perspective https://www.bachvereniging.nl/en/bwv/bwv-578/ Bach Little Fugue in G minor BWV-578 Schouten | Netherlands Bach Society” With Performers Perspective 2. BACH, ORGAN FUGUE IN G MINOR (LITTLE FUGUE) Fugue, common meter (quadruple), G minor Duration: 3:33 THIS LISTENING GUIDE IS CAME FROM KAMIEN, ROGER (2002), MUSIC: AN APPRECIATION. (4TH ED) LISTENING OUTLINE TIME OUTLINE ANALYSIS/DESCRIPTION MONITOR 0:00 1. a. Subject, soprano voice alone, minor key Figure 8. Little Fugue in G minor SUBJECT. Unpublished Material for Music-3, PSHS CBZRC. TIME OUTLINE ANALYSIS/DESCRIPTION MONITOR 0:33 b. The theme is in alto, secondary theme in running notes in soprano. MUSIC 3 | Page 9 of 14 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  Figure 9. Little Fugue in G minor SUBJECT in ALTO. Unpublished Material for Music-3, PSHS CBZRC TIME OUTLINE ANALYSIS/DESCRIPTION MONITOR 0:51 c. Subject in tenor, countersubject above it. 1:06 d. Subject in bass (pedals), countersubject in tenor 1:17 e. Brief episode, downward sequence. Figure 10. Little Fugue in G minor SUBJECT in TENOR. Unpublished Material for Music-3, PSHS CBZRC TIME OUTLINE ANALYSIS/DESCRIPTION MONITOR 1:27 a. Subject begins in tenor, continues in soprano, with an accompaniment of a sustained tone in bass; subject leads to 1:43 b. Brief episode running notes in a downward sequence. 1:52 3. a. Subject in alto, major key; countersubject in soprano; subject leads to 2:08 b. Episode in major, upward leaps and running notes. 2:11 c. Subject in bass (pedals), major key, countersubject and long trill above it. 2:24 d. Longer episode, downward sequence; begins in major, ends in minor. 2:38 4. a. Subject in soprano, minor key, countersubject below it. 2:50 b. Most extended episode, running notes in a downward sequence; upward sequences lead to sustained high MUSIC 3 | Page 10 of 14 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  notes, which usher in 3:16 c. Subject in bass (pedals), countersubject in soprano. Fugue ends with major chord. 3. CANON IN D MAJOR, as mentioned in Britannica.com (2020) is a composition of Johann Pachelbel. He is a German Composer and admired for his blissful character. This composition is a work with violins (three) and basso continuo (ground bass). This is one of the commonly performed music pieces and usually used as wedding entourage though it was composed about nearly 400 years ago. This composition is in a form of canon, a piece that starts with a melody in the basso continuo and nowadays, played by the cello, harpsichord, or organ. The main theme or melody is played repeatedly in a different register and in different instrumental sections, there is a significant development in the treatment of the melody and becoming more ornamented as it returns. However, in the history, it is said that there is a “gigue” after this canon, a gigue is a lively dance in the Baroque Period with the same key and should be played after the canon, but it was long forgotten now. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvNQLJ1_HQ0 Pachelbel Canon in D Major | Voices of Music Knot The Baroque Period paved away to a numerous instrumental form of music. 4 Majority of the employed musicians in this time has a virtuoso level of skills. minu Patronage system made it possible to produce larger ensemble, composition, tes skilled musicians, conductors and composers. Dance music is also one of the most premiered form for music especially to courts and palace. Truly, instrumental and secular music together with other vocal forms proliferated and lead to the birth of a varied forms of music and genres. Graded Formative Assessment No. 2 Name the composition based from the excerpts that the teacher will play. Each music excerpts will be played twice. 5 points for the correct title and composer’s name. ***Note to the teacher: Just choose the music excerpts that applied to your discussions: MUSIC 3 | Page 11 of 14 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  Title of the Composition and Music Links Composer Play 1:48-1:58 only Play 0:37-1:00 only Play 0:21-0:41 only Play 0:30-1:00 only Play 3:30-4:08 only Prepared by: Reviewed by: Reviewed by: SARHA A. BAUTISTA EVELYN MIJARES JONA JOY G. PALADA Position: Position: Position: Special Science Teacher (SST) IV Special Science Teacher (SST) IV Special Science Teacher (SST) III Campus: Campus: Campus: PSHS-CALABARZON RC PSHS-MC PSHS-SMC REFERENCES: BOOKS Albarico, J.M. (2013). THINK Framework. Based on Ramos, E.G. and N. Apolinario. (n.d.) Science LINKS. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore Inc. Dela Cruz, Allan Joy., Term Paper at the Sta. Isabel College, Conservatory of Music, Analysis on Air in G-Strings, 2014 Kamien, Roger (2002), Music: An Appreciation. (4th ed), Mc-Graw Hill, New York, NY 10020. Palada, Jona Joy G.(2017), Studies in Musical Style and Form: Renaissance to Romantic Era, A Workbook in Music, First Edition, MegaTEXTS Philippines. ONLINE SOURCES Air in G String, https://bach.org/education/bwv-1068/ Baroque Suite. Accessed on October 9, 2020. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/musicappreciation_ with_theory/chapter/suite/s Baroque Terms. Accessed on August 25, 2020. https://wmich.edu/musicgradexamprep/BaroqueTermsPDF.pdf Concerto Grosso. Accessed on August 25, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/art/concerto- grosso-music MUSIC 3 | Page 12 of 14 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification. Eugenie Middleton and Peter Thomas. Unwrap Vivaldi’s Four Seasons. Retrieved from https://www.apo.co.nz/media/2573/vivaldi-final.pdf Johnston, Blair. Fugue for Organ in G minor (Little) BWV 578. Retrieved from https://www.allmusic.com/composition/fugue-for-organ-in-g-minor-little-bwv-578-bc-j66- mc0002359381 Schwarm, Betsy Pachelbel, Canon in D. Accessed September, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pachelbels-Canon VIDEOS Boncella, Paul. (June 15, 2007). Concerto Sections. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=onGBAI2-NRA Classical Concert Chamber Orchestra. (Jun. 16, 2014). Vivaldi, the Four Seasons, Spring (La Primavera), 1st movement. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3nSvIiBNFo Chamber Music Central Virginia. (January 4, 2016). Trio Sonata in F Major, HWV 389 – George Frideric Handel. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghYCFpUvP38 Concerto Copenhagen. (Oct. 19, 2019). The Four Season After Vivaldi-Spring Movement II + III. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yW_C0R8aKvo CrisWrightMusic (Oct.19, 2011). Concerto Grosso and Ritornello Form Explained. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VtS5kkndrS4 Educator.com. (July 27, 2012). Music History: Concerto of the Baroque Period. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LrjBN6hDkMM Euro Arts Channel. (Sept.17, 2014). Branderburg Concerto No. 5 in D Major BWV 1050 (Freiburger Barockorchester. Accessed August 25, 2020. Gaulke, Julie. (May 9, 2013). Dona Nobis Pacem canon. Multi track by Julie Gaulke. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8OZzk0W87g Gerubach. (Nov. 5, 2012). BWV-578 Little Fugue in G minor (Scrolling). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bbox4oi6HjA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_V7oujd9djk Liberty Park Music. (Oct. 24, 2019 ). The Baroque Period |Music History Lesson. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otpFHNpC290 Netherlands Back Society. (Nov. 13, 2018). Bach Little Fugue in G minor BWV-578 Schouten | Netherlands Bach Society. https://www.bachvereniging.nl/en/bwv/bwv-578/ Sonata Form of Music. (October 9, 2020). https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zwjnsbk/revision/1 MUSIC 3 | Page 13 of 14 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification. Voices of Music, (July 24, 2013), Air on the G String (Suite No. 3, BWV 1068) J.S. Bach original instruments.,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzlw6fUux4o&list=RDMMbTNNWAfjFGU&i ndex=4 Voices of Music, September 2, 2008. Pachelbel Canon in D Major-the original and best version. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvNQLJ1_HQ0 Voices of Music. (Jan. 25, 2020). Vivaldi Four Seasons: Spring (La Primavera), III. Allegro, Alana Youssefian & Voices of Music RV 269. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11H6jo8BEw8 IMAGES Figure No.1 Concept Map, created at https://infograph.venngage.com/ Figure 2. Visual representation of concertino and repieno. Unpublished Materials for Music-3, PSHS CBZRC. Images Accessed from vitammusica.com and fineartamerica.com Figure 3. Harpsichord. Retrieved from www.dkfindout.com Figure 4. Visual Representation of Fugue Entrances. Unpublished Materials for Music-3, PSHS CBZRC Figure 5. Screenshot from Eugenie Middleton and Peter Thomas. Unwrap Vivaldi’s Four Seasons. Accessed https://www.apo.co.nz/media/2573/vivaldi-final.pdf Figure 6. Excerpts from “La Primavera”. Encoded in Sibelius for LG Writing purposes Figure 7. Excerpts from “La Primavera”. Encoded in Sibelius for LG Writing purposes Figure 8. Little Fugue in G minor SUBJECT. Unpublished Material for Music-3, PSHS CBZRC. Figure 9. Little Fugue in G minor SUBJECT in ALTO. Unpublished Material for Music-3, PSHS CBZRC Figure 10. Little Fugue in G minor SUBJECT in TENOR. Unpublished Material for Music-3, PSHS CBZRC MUSIC 3 | Page 14 of 14 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.