Skin and Fascia PDF

Faculty of Medicine Anatomy Department Prof. Khaled Naiem Prof. Khaled Naiem  ILOs: By the end of this lecture each student should be able to list the following: 1. Identify layers of the skin 2. Functions of the skin 3. Know types & layers of the fascia...

Faculty of Medicine Anatomy Department Prof. Khaled Naiem Prof. Khaled Naiem  ILOs: By the end of this lecture each student should be able to list the following: 1. Identify layers of the skin 2. Functions of the skin 3. Know types & layers of the fascia 4. Functions of fascia 5. Different forms of deep fascia Prof. Khaled Naiem  TO WITHSTAND WEAR & TEAR THAT OCCUR IN THESE REGIONS Is the largest Dermis organis indeep the& is formed body of loose ( 2m²) connective tissue Formed containsof 2 sweat layers glands,: sebaceous glands, hair (1) Epidermis follicles, (2) Dermis blood vessels, is the Epidermis lymphatics & superficial nerves. layer & is extremely thick on palms of hands & soles of feet. WHY?? Prof. Khaled Naiem The melanocytes are derived from the Nervous system (CNS) Prof. Khaled Naiem  FUNCTIONS OF SKIN Protects internal structures. Barrier against fluid loss, bacteria & viruses. Sensations ( pain, touch, temp) are received by the nerve endings which are found in dermis of skin. Synthesis of Vitamin D….. Thermoregulation Secretion of : 1. Sweat from sweat glands. 2. Sebum from sebaceous glands. 3. Milk from mammary gland. Prof. Khaled Naiem Langer’s lines: Dermis contains parallel rows of collagen fibers. The direction of rows of collagen fibers are known as Lines of cleavage or Langer’s lines. The lines run longitudinally in the limbs & transversally (circumferentially) in the neck & trunk. Prof. Khaled Naiem  CLINICAL POINT Which incision is better red Surgical incisions or blue? through the skin which are made Along or between these rows of collagen fibers cause minimal disruption of the collagen & so, minimal scarring RED IS BETTER MINIMAL Prof. Khaled Naiem SCARRING  Langer’s lines. Dermatomal supply: The area of skin supplied by a single nerve is called a dermatome. Prof. Prof. Khaled Khaled Naiem Naiem  SKIN CREASES Skin over joints tend to fold forming skin creases. These help easy movements of the joints. Prof. Khaled Naiem  The FASCIA Is the tissue which lies immediately under the skin. Skin Is made up of: Superficial (a)Superficial Fascia Outer fascia fatty layer underneath skin… (b)Deep fascia is present in certain areas of the body to prevent distension Prof. Khaled Naiem  The superficial fascia is firmly attached to the skin in : 1 ) scalp. 2 ) back of the neck. 3 ) plam of the hand. 4 ) sole of the foot. The superficial fascia is loosely attached to the skin on; 1 ) dorsum of the hand 2 ) dorsum of the foot. Prof. Khaled Naiem  The superficial fascia is devoid of adipose (fatty) tissue in the: 1) eyelids. 2) auricle of the ear. 3) penis and scrotum. 4) clitoris. Prof. Khaled Naiem.Functions of superficial fascia Keeps the body temperature by decreasing heat loss. Acts as food & energy store. Fills up hollows giving the body a smooth rounded contour. Contains blood vessels, nerves & lymphatics Prof. Khaled Naiem  DEEP FASCIA Dense fibrous membrane that covers most of the body, except: face, scalp, thorax and anterior abdominal wall The deep fascia sourrounds the Prof. Khaled Naiem muscles.  DEEP FASCIA In limbs deep fascia sends M intermuscular B septa which M attach to the bones & so B form different M functional & regional muscle groups Prof. Khaled Naiem Prof. Khaled Naiem DEEP FASCIA Is thickened around tendons of muscles to form retinaculum (retinacula). Retinacula help to keep muscle tendons in position during movements. Prof. Khaled Naiem  DEEP FASCIA Is thickened in palms of hands to form palmar aponeurosis. Prof. Khaled Naiem DEEP FASCIA Is thickened in soles of feet to form plantar aponeurosis. Prof. Khaled Naiem  DEEP FASCIA Flexor tendons are fixed in the fingers & toes by thickening of deep fascia called fibrous flexor sheaths. Prof. Khaled Naiem  Objective Essay Question: Enumerate functions of deep fascia List ………… Name ……….. Describe ………………….. Prof. Khaled Naiem 1- Langer’s lines in the limbs are present in the following direction: A. Transverse B. Circumferential C. Longitudinal D. Any of the above E. None of the above Prof. Khaled Naiem 3- Thickening of the deep fascia in the palm of hand is called: A) retinaculum B) palmar aponeurosis C) plantar aponeurosis D) fibrous flexor sheath Prof. Khaled Naiem 4- The deep fascia is absent in: A) face B) thigh C) arm D) back E) leg Prof. Khaled Naiem 5- Superficial Fascia: A) Keeps muscles in position B) Forms retinacula C) Is present in whole body D) Is attached to bones E) Fixes muscle tendons in position Prof. Khaled Naiem Thanks Prof. Khaled Naiem Prof. Prof. Khaled Prof.Khaled Naiem Naiem Prof. Khaled Naiem Khaled Naiem