Settlement & Population Density & Distribution Lesson 11 & 12 PDF

SETTLEMENT  OBJECTIVES 1 2 3 4 Name the two Identify the Name and Explain why categories of three types of describe the people live in settlement. settlement. different settlements....

SETTLEMENT  OBJECTIVES 1 2 3 4 Name the two Identify the Name and Explain why categories of three types of describe the people live in settlement. settlement. different settlements. settlement patterns.  TYPES OF SETTLEMENT A settlement is a place where people live. These settlements can either be urban or rural. Rural settlements- refers to those found in the countryside and include villages and some small towns. Urban settlements- refers to those settlements that are towns or cities. Transport links, services and entertainment facilities are better in urban areas because more people live in them. TYPES OF SETTLEMENTS Villages-This is the smallest type of settlement. It is comprised of a few houses with usually less than 1000 people. It is built mainly around agricultural or fishing activities. Villages may have a few shops, a church or a school. Can you name any village in Jamaica? TYPES OF SETTLEMENTS Town- Towns are medium sized settlements where over 10,000 people live. There is a wider range of economic activities and job opportunities. Towns have several shops , supermarkets , churches, schools, banks and other amenities. Can you name any town in Jamaica? TYPES OF SETTLEMENTS City - A city is the largest type of settlement which usually has over 100,000 residents and the widest range of economic activities as well as the greatest variety of goods, services and amenities. Can you name any cities in Jamaica?  TYPES OF SETTLEMENT PATTERNS Dispersed/scattered settlement- This occurs when there are a few isolated houses in a wide area. Dispersed settlements are usually found in agricultural, rural or hilly areas. Can you identify two examples of dispersed settlements?  TYPES OF SETTLEMENT PATTERNS Linear settlement- This occurs where buildings form a ribbon-like pattern and are built in a line alongside a roadway. These settlements are also found along rivers and coastlines. Two examples include:  TYPES OF SETTLEMENT PATTERNS Nucleated settlements- Many buildings are grouped together and is usually found at the intersection of two or more important roads and on lowlands or gently sloping lands. Two examples include: Can you identify these settlement patterns and Settlement types? Why do people live in settlements? 1. For Employment Small settlements have a limited number of jobs and many of these are in agriculture, while larger settlements have a wide variety of jobs It is common in the Caribbean for people to leave villages to live in large towns or cities to find job opportunities. Larger settlements have a wider range of jobs such as finance, transportation, marketing and technology. Why do people live in settlements? 2. For Public Services: Public services include schools, hospitals, post offices, parks and police stations. It is too expensive to provide public services for very small settlements with isolated houses and a few people. The services would also not be fully utilized. Before the government provides a public services, there must be a certain minimum number of people living in the place that want to use the services. Why do people live in settlements? 3. For infrastructure: Infrastructure refers to the basic facilities required for the operation of a settlement such as roads, water supply, electricity supply, telephone service and ports. Large settlements such as towns and cities usually have better quality of infrastructure than small villages. Why do people live in settlements? 4. For recreational facilities: Recreational facilities such as football fields, sports complexes, cinemas, restaurants and clubs are usually available when people are living together in a settlement and not living by themselves or in scattered buildings. POPULATION  Lesson Objectives By the end of this lesson students should be able to: 1. Define the key terms related to population; 2. Interpret maps used to show population distribution and density. 3. Discuss the factors that influence population distribution  Population Population refers to the total number of people living in an area.  What do you know about Population? What is the name of the branch of Geography that population falls under? Human Geography What term used to describe the study of population? Demography How do we gather data about the population in our country? Census Which agency conducts census in Jamaica? Statistical Institute of Jamaica STATIN How often is this activity conducted? Every 10 years Why do we need to study Population? Government planners needs to know how to prepare for the population. E.g. schools, hospitals, nursing homes, roads etc. To identify how fast the human resources that is needed to develop the country is growing and identify their talents and abilities so that they can be trained.  Population Distribution Population distribution describes the way in which people are spread out over a given region. The population is unevenly distributed globally, regionally and nationally. Population distribution also changes over time.  Activity Use the population distribution map of Jamaica on the previous slide to answer the following questions. 1. In which parish is the population most densely distributed? 2. Name two parishes in which there is more even distribution of population and give reasons for your answer. 3. Name the parish in which the population is more compact in its distribution and give reasons for your answer. 4. Name the area that is the least populated and give at least one reason for your answer. Population Density Population density refers to the number of people in a square unit of area in each place. How to calculate Population Density Population Density Example Activity Complete the following table by calculate the population density of the following countries. COUNTRIES POPULATION LAND AREA POPULATION (in millions) (km2) DENSITY Cuba 11.33 109,884 Haiti 11.12 27,750 Puerto Rico 3.194 9,104 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION  Relief Lowlands are more attractive for building settlements because it is easier to construct roads and houses on flat and gently sloping land. For example, Kingston City is built on the Liguanea Plain. Several other capitals are built on low lying plains such as 1._________________________________ 2.________________________________ 3._______________________________ On the other hand, steep slopes and mountains are more difficult for building settlements and roads for example: 1. Blue Mountain 2. Cockpit Country Would you live in any of these locations? Why or Why Not?  Drainage Poorly drained areas such as marshes and swamps are not suitable for settlement or agriculture and therefore have sparse populations. For example: 1. Black River Morass 2. Negril Morass Explanation- Swamps are not ideal for building house because they don’t provide a firm foundation. In addition, swamps are associated with reptiles and mosquitoes which can spread diseases such as dengue fever. Swamps maybe reclaimed for settlement and agricultural use and in such cases may support high population densities. Large areas of swampy lowlands have been reclaimed in Portmore, St Catherine and this area supports a high population density. Can you name the activities taking place in the images? Do you think a lot of people would gravitate to areas with these activities? Why or Why Not?  Industry Industries attract high population densities because of employment opportunities, higher paying jobs and higher standards of living. For example: The development of food processing, garment and other industries has led to high population densities in Kingston and Spanish Town or Tourism in Montego Bay and Ocho Rios. The development of bauxite mining has created jobs which attract well- paid workers. This has led to the development of the town of Mandeville.  ACTIVITY 1. Explain in details how the following factors impact population distribution in an area. Ensure to use specific examples in your explanations. Relief Drainage Industry  ACTIVITY Examine the map of Jamaica in your atlas on pages 40-41 and then answer these questions: 1. Name the type of map used to show population distribution_______ 2. Identify two areas that have low population density. 3. Identify one physical feature in each parish that may have impacted low population density. 4. Explain how relief has impacted population density in these two areas. 5. Identify one area that has high population density then name the industry that has impacted population density in this areas.  Additional Information https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bbs-gwmAuGw